Electromagnetic asset protection system

• US 5,541,577 A
• Filed: 05/26/1995
• Issued: 07/30/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 05/26/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Consolidated Graphics Incorporated (RR Donnelley & Sons Company)
• Original Assignee: Consolidated Graphics Incorporated (RR Donnelley & Sons Company)
• Inventors: Hoffer, Erik, Cooper, Michael N.
• Primary Examiner(s): SWANN III, GLEN R
• Application Number:
  US08/452,381
• Time in Patent Office: 431 Days
• Field of Search: 340/551, 340/572, 340/550, 340/540, 340/541, 116/4, 116/DIG. 1
• US Class Current: 340/551
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2408 using ferromagnetic tags
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2445 Tag integrated into item to be protected, e.g. source tagging
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2471 Antenna signal processing by receiver or emitter
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2474 Antenna or antenna activator geometry, arrangement or layout loop antennae H01Q1/22

Abstract

The security of articles, and particularly articles in transit, is checked by detecting the status of a magnetic strip attached to the articles at a strategic location when the strip is subjected to an electromagnetic field which causes the strip to substantially saturate magnetically, the status of an improper strip, that is to say, a strip whose electromagnetic properties differ from those of a proper strip as a result of physical modification or disparity, being reflected in the nature of the electromagnetic field emanating therefrom, detection of the status of that field providing an indication of whether the strip is proper or not. The same principles can be applied to the coding of articles for validation of identity or authenticity.

Claims

1. The method of checking the security of an openable object which comprises (a) placing on said object across the openable area thereof a magnetic strip, and (b) subjecting said strip to a field affecting its magnetic status, detecting the field emanating from said strip, and giving an indication in response to said detected field of the presence or absence of a strip in proper condition.

2. The method of claim 1, in which the presence or absence of a strip in proper condition is determined by comparing a signal dependent on the nature of the field actually emanating from said strip and a reference signal representing a field smaller than that which would emanate from such a proper strip and causing said indication if said signal representing said actual field is greater than said reference signal.

3. The method of either of claims 1 or 2, in which the presence or absence of a strip in proper condition is detected on the basis of the characteristic of said strip that it loses a substantial portion of its magnetic field activity if it is cut.

4. The method of claim 2, in which the condition of a strip is determined by the shape factor of said strip, which is different if said strip is cut or not.

5. The method of claim 4, in which the presence or absence of a proper strip is determined by detecting the lower harmonics of the field emanating from said strip.

6. The method of claim 5, in which said lower harmonics comprises harmonics 5-15.

7. The method of claim 1, in which the proper condition of a strip is determined by the shape factor of said strip which is different if said strip is cut or is not.

8. The method of claim 7, in which the presence or absence of a proper strip is determined by detecting the lower harmonics of the field emanating from said strip.

9. The method of claim 8, in which said lower harmonics comprises harmonics 5-15.

10. In the method of any of claims 1, 2, 8 or 9, testing for the presence of undesirable conditions at the time of said strip field detection, and preventing said indication in the event that said undesirable conditions are detected.

11. In the method of claim 10, preventing said indication by comparing the intensity of higher harmonics of said emanating field with a predetermined standard.

12. The method of claim 11, in which said higher harmonics comprises harmonics 25-30.

13. In the method of any of claims 1, 2, 8 or 9, comparing said actual field signal with a reference signal corresponding to that which would emanate from a proper strip of predetermined dimensions, and preventing said indication of a proper strip in the event that said reference signal is less than said actual field signal.

14. The method of claim 13, in which said actual field signal is based upon lower harmonics of said signal comprising harmonics 5-15.

15. A device for use with an openable object for detecting whether said object has been opened which comprises a body securable to said object so as to extend across the openable portion thereof, said body comprising a magnetic strip which spans said openable portion and which has a shape factor such that when subjected to an external field the field emanating therefrom will be significantly different if said strip has been cut than if it has not been cut.

16. The device of claim 15, in which said strip has a shape factor figure of merit of at least about 200.

17. The device of claim 15 in which said body further comprises a strip secured to said object and of a type such as to leave visible evidence on the object if an attempt is made to wholly or partially remove said strip from said object.

18. The device of claim 17, in which said latter strip when in place on said object hides said former strip from view.

19. The device of claim 17, in which said body further comprises a tamper-evident strip.

20. A device for use with an openable object for detecting whether said object has been opened which comprises a body securable to said object so as to extend across the openable portion thereof, said body comprising a magnetic strip which spans said openable portion and which has the characteristic that when it is cut its magnetic properties are substantially altered.

21. The device of claim 20, in which said body further comprises a strip secured to said object and of a type such as to leave visible evidence on the object if an attempt is made to wholly or partially remove said strip from said object.

22. The device of claim 21, in which said latter strip when in place on said object hides said former strip from view.

23. The device of claim 21, in which said body further comprises a tamper-evident strip.

24. The method of identifying a package which comprises (a) placing on said package a magnetic strip which when exposed to a given external field produces an electromagnetic field of predetermined nature, and (b) subjecting said strip on said package to said given external field, detecting said field produced by said strip, and giving an indication in accordance with said detected field as to whether said detected field is of said predetermined nature or not.

25. The method of claim 24, in which the presence of absence of a strip identifying said object is determined by comparing a signal dependent on the nature of said detected field and a reference signal representing said field of predetermined nature and causing said indication on the basis of a comparison between said signals.

26. The method of either of claims 24 or 25, in which said predetermined nature of said produced field is determined by a combination of the magnetic and mechanical characteristics of said strip and the nature of said given external field.