Rotor balancing calculator

• US 5,544,073 A
• Filed: 06/02/1994
• Issued: 08/06/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 06/02/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: CSI Technology Incorporated (Emerson Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: Computational Systems Incorporated (Emerson Electric Company)
• Inventors: Piety, Kenneth R., Piety, Richard W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Voeltz, Emanuel T.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Assouad, Patrick J.
• Application Number:
  US08/252,734
• Time in Patent Office: 796 Days
• Field of Search: 364/508, 364/550, 364/551.01, 364/, 73/660, 73/593, 73/462, 73/649, 73/66, 73/457, 73/458, 73/459
• US Class Current: 700/279
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 1/08 Instruments for indicating directly the magnitude and phase of the imbalance
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 1/22 and converting vibrations due to imbalance into electric variables
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 1/24 Performing balancing on elastic shafts, e.g. for crankshafts

Abstract

A portable, hand-held, battery-powered rotor balancing calculator has a data port, which includes a host communications port to down-load set-up data from, and upload collected data to a host computer. A rotation sensor communications port receives data from the rotation sensor, and a vibration sensor communications port receives data from vibration sensors. An angle sensor communications port receives data from an angle sensor, and the calculator determines how far and in what direction the rotor has been rotated. The calculator also employs a power supply, a processor, and an operator interface. There is also a memory for data storage, menus with check-off lists, and procedures, including raw data screening procedures and collected data analysis procedures. A display is provided which depicts gathered data in a graphical form which is easily reconfigured for rotor viewing orientation.

Claims

1. A portable, hand-held, battery-powered balancing instrument of the type used for in-situ field balancing procedures of a rotor comprising:

at least one vibration sensor for producing vibration data;

a rotation sensor for producing rotation data;

a data port comprising;

a vibration sensor communications port for receiving vibration data from at least one of the vibration sensors;

a rotation sensor communications port for receiving rotation data from the rotation sensor;

a conditioning circuit for receiving and conditioning the vibration data and the rotation data;

an analog to digital converter for receiving the vibration data and converting it to digital vibration data, and for receiving the rotation data and converting it to digital rotation data;

a power supply for supplying power to the balancing instrument;

an operator interface through which a technician inputs commands and set-up data into the balancing instrument;

a memory comprising;

a data storage memory where the digital rotation and vibration data gathered from the rotation and vibration sensors is held; and

a procedure storage memory where operating procedure menus and analysis routines for the balancing instrument are held, the analysis routines further comprising at least one diagnostic routine for analyzing the vibration and rotation data for determining an alert condition indicating a problem other than unbalance that may lessen the success of the balancing procedure;

a processor for receiving, processing, and analyzing the digital rotation and vibration data, based upon and responsive to the set-up data, the commands, and the analysis routines, for selectively producing an alert output when an alert condition exists, and for producing output data which includes the alert output; and

a display for receiving and displaying at least a portion of the output data and for displaying information corresponding to the alert output when an alert condition exists.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said processor in response to the diagnostic routine determines whether the vibration data and rotation data is sufficiently stable for producing reliable output data corresponding to the vibration and rotation of the rotor, and for producing an alert output when the rotation data is not stable.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising:

said analysis routines including a vibration amplitude analysis routine, vibration amplitude deviation analysis routine, vibration phase analysis routine, vibration phase deviation analysis routine, rotation analysis routine;

said processor responsive to the vibration amplitude analysis routine for determining the average amplitude of the vibration data and generating a corresponding vibration amplitude alert;

said processor responsive to the vibration amplitude deviation analysis routine for determining a rate of change of amplitude of the vibration data and generating a corresponding-vibration amplitude deviation signal;

said processor responsive to the vibration phase analysis routine for determining the average phase of the vibration data and generating corresponding vibration phase data;

said processor responsive to the vibration phase deviation analysis routine for determining a rate and an amount of change of phase of the vibration data and generating a corresponding vibration phase deviation signal;

said processor responsive to the rotation analysis routine for determining when rotation data varies more than a predetermined amount from a predetermined value and generating a rotation alert; and

said display for displaying information corresponding to the vibration amplitude deviation signal, vibration phase deviation signal, rotation alert, vibration phase data, and vibration amplitude alert.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said display further comprises:

graphic display elements in the form of a bar chart, responsive to the vibration amplitude deviation signal, which indicate that, when the vibration amplitude deviation signal is greater than a predetermined value, the vibration data is unacceptable for a reliable reading, and which further indicate that when the vibration amplitude deviation signal is less than a predetermined value, the vibration data is acceptable for a reliable reading;

graphic display elements in the form of a polar chart, including vectors and endpoints, responsive to the vibration amplitude signal, which by the length of displayed vectors and endpoints indicate the instantaneous and average vibration amplitude;

graphic display elements in the form of a bar chart, responsive to the vibration phase deviation signal, which indicate that when the vibration phase deviation signal is greater than a predetermined value, the vibration data is unacceptable for a reliable reading, and which further indicate that when the vibration phase deviation signal is less than a predetermined value, the vibration data is acceptable for a reliable reading;

graphic display elements in the form of a polar chart, including vectors and endpoints, responsive to the vibration phase data, which by the angular location of displayed vectors and endpoints indicate the minimum, maximum, instantaneous, and average vibration phase; and

display elements responsive to the rotation alert that display a warning that rotation data is unacceptable for a reliable reading.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the diagnostic routine is an unbalance routine, said processor executes the diagnostic routine while executing the unbalance routine, and said processor in response to the diagnostic routine determines whether a rotor condition other than unbalance is contributing to vibration and for producing an alert output corresponding to this rotor condition.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

said vibration sensor for producing vibration data including radial, axial, horizontal, vertical, synchronous, asynchronous, and unbalance vibration components;

said analysis routines including an unbalance vibration analysis routine, synchronous axial vibration analysis routine, and directional vibration analysis routine;

said processor for determining an unbalance component of the vibration data and an overall vibration and, responsive to the unbalance vibration analysis routine, for determining when the unbalance component of the vibration data is less than a predetermined percentage of the overall vibration and generating an unbalance vibration alert;

said processor for determining a synchronous axial component and a synchronous radial component of the vibration data and responsive to the synchronous axial vibration analysis routine determining when the synchronous axial component of the vibration data is greater than the synchronous radial component of the vibration data and generating a synchronous axial vibration alert;

said processor for determining a first direction component and second direction component of the vibration data and, responsive to the directional vibration analysis routine, for determining when the first direction component of the vibration data varies more than a predetermined amount from the second direction component of the vibration data and generating a directional vibration alert;

said processor responsive to the directional vibration analysis routine for determining when the phase of the first directional component of the vibration data varies more than a predetermined amount from the phase of the second directional component of the vibration data and generating a resonance alert; and

said display for displaying information corresponding to the unbalance vibration alert, synchronous axial vibration alert, directional vibration alert, and resonance alert.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said display further comprises:

display elements responsive to the unbalance alert, the directional vibration alert, the resonance alert, and the synchronous axial vibration alert that display a warning that the vibration data is caused in part by a rotor condition other than unbalance.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

said analysis routines including a vibration phase deviation analysis routine;

said processor responsive to the vibration phase deviation analysis routine for determining a rate and an amount of change of phase of the vibration data and generating a corresponding vibration phase deviation signal;

said display for displaying information corresponding to the vibration phase deviation signal.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said display further comprises:

graphic display elements in the form of a bar chart, responsive to the vibration phase deviation signal, which indicate that when the vibration phase deviation signal is greater than a predetermined value, the vibration data is unacceptable for a reliable reading, and which further indicate that when the vibration phase deviation signal is less than a predetermined value, the vibration data is acceptable for a reliable reading.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

said analysis routines including a vibration amplitude deviation analysis routine;

said processor responsive to the vibration amplitude deviation analysis routine for determining a rate of change of amplitude of the vibration data and generating a corresponding vibration amplitude deviation signal;

said display for displaying information corresponding to the amplitude deviation signal.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said display further comprises:

graphic display elements in the form of a bar chart, responsive to the vibration amplitude deviation signal, which indicate that when the vibration amplitude deviation signal is greater than a predetermined value, the vibration data is unacceptable for a reliable reading, and which further indicate that when the vibration amplitude deviation signal is less than a predetermined value, the vibration data is acceptable for a reliable reading.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

said vibration sensor for producing vibration data including radial, axial, horizontal, vertical, synchronous, and asynchronous vibration components;

said analysis routines including a synchronous axial vibration analysis routine;

said processor for determining a synchronous axial component and a synchronous radial component of the vibration data and responsive to the synchronous axial vibration analysis routine determining when the synchronous axial component of the vibration data is greater than the synchronous radial component of the vibration data and generating a synchronous axial vibration alert, said synchronous axial and synchronous radial components each comprising only vibration energy at the frequency of, and synchronized with, the rotation of the rotor;

said display for displaying information corresponding to the synchronous axial vibration alert.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said display further comprises:

graphic display elements responsive to the synchronous axial vibration alert that display a warning that the vibration is caused in part by rotor conditions other than unbalance.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

said vibration sensor for producing vibration data including first and second directional vibration components;

said analysis routines including a directional vibration analysis routine;

said processor, responsive to the directional vibration analysis routine, for determining when the first directional component of the vibration data varies more than a predetermined amount from the second directional component of the vibration data and generating a directional vibration alert;

said display for displaying information corresponding to the directional vibration alert.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said display further comprises:

graphic display elements responsive to the directional vibration alert that display a warning that vibration data is caused in part by rotor conditions other than unbalance.

16. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

said vibration sensor for producing vibration data including first and second directional vibration components;

said analysis routines including a directional vibration analysis routine;

said processor, responsive to the directional vibration analysis routine, for determining when the phase of the first directional component of the vibration data varies by a predetermined amount from the phase of the second directional component of the vibration data and generating a resonance alert;

said display for displaying information corresponding to the resonance alert.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said display further comprises:

graphic display elements responsive to the resonance alert that display a warning that vibration data is caused in part by rotor conditions other than unbalance.

18. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

said vibration sensor for producing vibration data including synchronous, asynchronous, and unbalance vibration components;

said analysis routines including an unbalance analysis routine;

said processor for determining an unbalance component of the vibration data and overall vibration and, responsive to the unbalance vibration analysis routine, for determining when the unbalance component of the vibration data is less than a predetermined percentage of the overall vibration and generating an unbalance vibration alert, said unbalance component comprising vibration data at the frequency of and synchronized with the rotation of the rotor;

said display for displaying information corresponding to the unbalance vibration alert.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said display further comprises:

graphic display elements responsive to the unbalance vibration alert that display a warning that unbalance is not the predominant source of vibration.

20. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

said analysis routines including a rotation analysis routine;

said processor responsive to the rotation analysis routine, for determining when rotation data varies more than a predetermined amount from a predetermined value and generating a rotation alert;

said display for displaying information corresponding to the rotation alert.

21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said processor excludes from use data produced by said rotation and vibration sensors during a rotation alert.

22. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

said analysis routines including a vibration phase analysis routine;

said processor responsive to the vibration phase analysis routine for determining the average phase of the vibration data and generating corresponding vibration phase data;

said display for displaying information corresponding to the data.

23. The apparatus of claim 22 further comprising:

said processor for determining the minimum, maximum and instantaneous phase of said vibration;

graphic display elements in the form of a polar chart, including vectors and endpoints, responsive to the vibration phase signal, which by the angular location of displayed vectors and endpoints indicate the minimum, maximum, instantaneous, and average vibration phase.

24. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

said analysis routines including a vibration amplitude analysis routine;

said processor responsive to the vibration analysis routine, for determining the average amplitude of the vibration data and generating a corresponding vibration amplitude alert;

said display for displaying information corresponding to the vibration amplitude alert.

25. The apparatus of claim 24 further comprising:

said processor for determining the instantaneous amplitude of the vibration;

graphic display elements in the form of a polar chart, including vectors and endpoints, responsive to the vibration amplitude signal, which by the length of displayed vectors and endpoints indicate the instantaneous and average vibration amplitude.

26. A portable, hand-held, battery-powered balancing instrument of the type used for in-situ field balancing procedures on rotors comprising:

at least one vibration sensor for producing vibration data;

a rotation sensor for producing rotation data;

an angle sensor for producing angle data, the angle data further comprising at least angle size and direction;

a data port comprising;

a vibration sensor communications port for receiving vibration data from at least one of the vibration sensors;

a rotation sensor communications port for receiving rotation data from the rotation sensor;

an angle sensor communications port for receiving angle data from the angle sensor;

a conditioning circuit for receiving and conditioning the vibration data, the rotation data, and the angle data;

an analog to digital converter for receiving the vibration data and converting it to digital vibration data, and for receiving the rotation data and converting it to digital rotation data, and for receiving the angle data and converting it to digital angle data;

a power supply for supplying power to the balancing instrument;

an operator interface through which a technician inputs commands and set-up data into the balancing instrument;

a memory comprising;

a data storage memory where the digital rotation, vibration, and angle data gathered from the rotation, vibration, and angle sensors is held; and

a procedure storage memory where operating procedure menus and analysis routines for the balancing instrument are held;

a processor for receiving, processing, and analyzing the digital rotation, vibration, and angle data, based upon and responsive to the set-up data and the commands, for producing output data that selectively includes information corresponding to angle data; and

a display for receiving and displaying at least a portion of the output data and selectively including information corresponding to angle data.

27. The apparatus of claim 26 further comprising:

said processor for calculating a desired angular position based on the vibration and rotation data and for producing a desired angle signal indicating that said angle sensor is positioned in the desired angular position; and

said display receiving and responding to the desired angle signal to display information indicating that the angle sensor is in the desired angular position.

28. The apparatus of claim 26 further comprising:

said processor for calculating a desired angular position corresponding to a light spot on the rotor based on the vibration and rotation data and for producing a desired angle signal indicating that said angle sensor is positioned in the desired angular position and said light spot is in a desired position; and

said display receiving and responding to the desired angle signal to display information indicating that the angle sensor is in the desired angular position and the light spot is in a desired position.

29. A portable, hand-held, battery-powered balancing instrument of the type used with a host computer for in-situ field balancing procedures in which reference runs are used to determine initial balance conditions, trial runs are performed with weight added to a rotor having measurement planes being balanced, and trim runs are performed after trial runs, comprising:

at least one vibration sensor for producing vibration data;

a rotation sensor for producing rotation data;

a data port comprising;

a vibration sensor communications port for receiving vibration data from at least one of the vibration sensors; and

a rotation sensor communications port for receiving rotation data from the rotation sensor;

a conditioning circuit for receiving and conditioning the vibration data and the rotation data;

an analog to digital converter for receiving the vibration data and converting it to digital vibration data, and for receiving the rotation data and converting it to digital rotation data;

a power supply for supplying power to the balancing instrument;

an operator interface through which a technician inputs commands and set-up data into the balancing instrument;

a memory comprising;

a data storage memory where the digital rotation and vibration data gathered from the rotation and vibration sensors is held; and

a procedure storage memory where operating procedure menus and analysis routines for the balancing instrument are stored;

a processor for receiving, processing, and analyzing the digital rotation and vibration data, based upon and responsive to the set-up data, menus, analysis routines, and the commands, for producing output data;

a display for receiving and displaying at least a portion of the output data, said processor and display being responsive to menus stored in said data storage for displaying;

only those steps necessary to complete a given balancing procedure based upon the set-up data, listed in order to be performed,

prompts for data that must be manually entered,

confirmation information for the data that is automatically gathered,

check-boxes indicating which steps have been completed,

views of the rotor, vibration sensor, and rotation sensor corresponding to the set-up data, and

the vibration sensor and the rotation sensor in the proper measurement planes, and relative to a reference located at top dead center on the rotor.

30. The apparatus of claim 29 further comprising said processor and display for graphically displaying:

the unbalance vibration tolerance specification;

the vibration data acquired prior to any weight adjustment;

the vibration data acquired subsequent to the latest weight adjustment; and

the vibration data acquired just prior to the latest weight adjustment.

31. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein said graphical display further comprises:

a polar chart having X and Y axes crossing at right angles with respect to each other, and an origin located at the intersection of the axes;

the unbalance vibration tolerance specification being represented by graphic elements in the form of a circle on the polar chart, the center of which circle is located at the origin of the polar chart, and the radius of which circle represents the maximum allowable amplitude of the vibration;

the vibration data acquired prior to any weight adjustment being represented by graphic elements in the form of vector endpoints positioned on the polar chart;

the vibration data acquired subsequent to the latest weight adjustment being represented by graphic elements in the form of vector endpoints positioned on the polar chart; and

the vibration data acquired-just prior to the latest weight adjustment being represented by graphic elements in the form of vector end points positioned on the polar chart.

32. The apparatus of claim 29 wherein said views of the rotor, vibration sensor, and rotation sensor further comprise:

a first and a second view, the first view being an accurate depiction of the relative locations of the rotor, vibration sensor, and rotation sensor as seen from one end of the rotor, and the second view being an accurate depiction of the relative locations of the rotor, vibration sensor, and rotation sensor as seen from the other end of the rotor;

the first and second views being interchangeably selectable during the balancing procedure for presentation on the display by commands input by the technician through the operator interface.

33. The apparatus of claim 29 wherein said views of the rotor, vibration sensor, and rotation sensor further comprise having a polar reference where 0°

corresponds to the location of the rotation sensor as determined by the set-up data, and where the location of 0°

can be changed by the technician by command input through the operator interface, keeping the views consistent with the actual orientation of the rotor, vibration sensor, and rotation sensor.