Digital angiography system with automatically determined frame rates

• US 5,544,215 A
• Filed: 01/13/1995
• Issued: 08/06/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 01/13/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Picker International, Inc. (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Original Assignee: Picker International, Inc. (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Inventors: Kapp, Steven C., Green, Donald T., Shroy, Robert E. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Don
• Application Number:
  US08/372,458
• Time in Patent Office: 571 Days
• Field of Search: 378/8, 378/4, 378/95, 378/97, 378/98.7, 378/98.11, 378/98.12, 378/106, 378/105, 378/108, 378/109, 378/110-112, 378/145, 378/146
• US Class Current: 378/98.12
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/481 involving the use of contrast agents
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/504 for diagnosis of blood vessels, e.g. by angiography
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/3205 using subtraction imaging techniques
• CPC Class Codes: H05G 1/60 Circuit arrangements for obtaining a series of X-ray photographs or for X-ray cinematography

Abstract

A subject is positioned on a patient support (12) between an x-ray source (10) and a radiation detector assembly (14). The x-ray source is gated (36) on or open prior to triggering (38) a video camera (26) of the x-ray detector assembly to generate an electronic frame image representation. The patient support is moved to generate reference images at positions (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) and the resultant reference images are stored in a reference image memory (42). A radiopaque dye is injected adjacent a first position (1) and the x-ray source and camera are triggered at a first rate indicated by a scan program memory (50). The generated images are displayed on a video monitor until a radiologist decides that the radiopaque dye has moved downstream sufficiently that it is time to index to a second position (2). The radiologist presses an index button (68) causing the patient to be indexed. A timer (48) compasses the actual dwell time that images were collected in the first position (1) with a set of reference dwell times (72). In accordance with the comparison, a second frame rate from the scan program memory is incremented or decremented (74). Images are then generated in the second position with the adjusted second frame rate. This process is repeated for each of a plurality, e.g., five or six positions.

Claims

1. A method of generating diagnostic images at a plurality of overlapping positions along a patient including at least first, second, and third contiguous positions, the method comprising:

selecting at least a first set of reference dwell times during which the diagnostic images are to be generated at the first position and a first selected imaging rate at which the diagnostic images are to be generated at the first position, a second set of reference dwell times over which the diagnostic images are to be generated at the second position, a third set of reference dwell times over which the diagnostic images are to be generated at the third position;

injecting the subject with a radiopaque dye adjacent the first position;

at the first position, generating the diagnostic images at the first imaging rate and displaying the generated diagnostic images on a human-readable display;

manually indexing to the second position in accordance with the human-readable display;

measuring a first actual dwell time over which the diagnostic images are generated at the first position;

comparing the first actual dwell time with the first set of reference dwell times;

adjusting the second imaging rate in accordance with the comparison between the first actual and reference dwell times;

at the second position, generating the diagnostic images at the adjusted second imaging rate and converting the generated images into a human-readable display;

manually indexing to the third position in accordance with the human-readable display;

measuring a second actual dwell time over which images are generated at the second position;

comparing the first and second actual dwell times with the reference dwell times;

adjusting the third imaging rate in accordance with the comparison between the actual and reference dwell times;

at the third position, generating the diagnostic images at the adjusted third imaging rate and converting the generated images into a human-readable display.

2. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein in each of the steps of generating one of the diagnostic images, an x-ray source is gated open and is closed at the end of generating the diagnostic image, whereby radiation dosage to the subject is minimized.

3. The method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the step of generating electronic image representations includes:

converting radiation which has passed through the corresponding position of the subject into an optical image;

triggering a video camera to convert the optical image into a single frame video image.

4. In an x-ray diagnostic method in which an x-ray source is selectively gated to irradiate and not irradiate a supported subject, an x-ray detector assembly receives x-rays from the x-ray source which have passed through the subject and converts the x-rays into optical images, a video camera converts the optical images into electronic image representations, the video camera which is triggered subsequent to the gating of the x-ray source to irradiate the subject, and in which the subject support and the x-ray source/x-ray detector assembly move relative to each other such that a plurality of positions are selectively examined and at least the x-ray source is gated a plurality of times in each position at a selected gating rate such that a plurality of image representations in each position are generated, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING:

adjusting a frame rate with which the video camera is triggered in accordance with a duration over which image representations were collected at the preceding positions.

5. In an x-ray diagnostic method in which an x-ray source is selectively gated to irradiate and not irradiate a supported subject, an x-ray detector assembly receives x-rays from the x-ray source which have passed through the subject and converts the x-rays into an electronic image representation, and in which the subject support and the x-ray source/x-ray detector assembly move relative to each other such that a plurality of positions are selectively examined and at least the x-ray source is gated a plurality of times in each position at a selected gating rate such that a plurality of image representations in each position are generated, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING:

at a second and subsequent positions, adjusting the rate at which the x-ray source is gated to pass radiation through the subject to generate electronic image representations in accordance with a duration over which image representations were collected at the preceding positions.

6. In the method as set forth in claim 5, the improvement further comprising:

in each position, generating a plurality of electronic image representations and converting the electronic image representations into a human-readable display;

manually indexing to the next position in accordance with images on the human-readable display.

7. In the method as set forth in claim 6, the improvement further comprising:

automatically indexing through each of the plurality of positions to generate a reference image for each position;

injecting a radiopaque dye into the patient adjacent a first of the plurality of positions;

in the first position, gating the x-ray source to irradiate the subject and triggering the video camera to generate electronic image representations at a first, preselected frame rate;

indexing to a second of the plurality of positions at which the x-ray source is to be gated and the video camera is to be triggered at a second preselected rate;

adjusting the second rate in accordance with the image representations generated in the first position.

8. In the method as set forth in claim 7, the improvement further comprising:

subtracting the processed reference image from the first position from each processed image representation generated after injection of the radiopaque dye at the first position.

9. A radiology method comprising:

releasing a radiopaque dye into a subject;

selectively gating an x-ray source to irradiate and not irradiate the subject;

receiving x-rays from the x-ray source which have passed through the subject and converting the x-rays into an electronic image representation;

moving the subject and the radiation source relative to each other to each of a plurality of positions;

gating the x-ray source a plurality of times in each position at a selected gating rate such that a plurality of image representations in each position are generated;

analyzing the electronic image representations to determine progress of the radiopaque dye;

adjusting the rate at which the x-ray source is gated in accordance with the determined progress of the radiopaque dye.

10. In a radiology apparatus which includes a subject support, an x-ray source which is selectively gated to irradiate and not irradiate the supported subject, an x-ray detector assembly for receiving x-rays from the x-ray source which have passed through the subject and converting the x-rays into an electronic image representation, and in which the subject support and the x-ray source/radiation detector assembly are movable relative to each other such that a plurality of overlapping positions are selectively examinable and in which at least the x-ray source dwells at each position for a dwell time while the x-ray source is triggered a plurality of times such that a plurality of the electronic image representations are generated at each position, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING:

a rate adjusting means for adjusting a rate at which the x-ray source is triggered to pass radiation through the subject to generate the electronic image representations in accordance with the dwell time at preceding positions.

11. A radiology apparatus comprising:

a subject support;

an x-ray source which is selectively gated to irradiate and not irradiate the supported subject;

an x-ray detector assembly for receiving x-rays from the x-ray source which have passed through the subject and converting the x-rays into an electronic image representation, (i) the subject support and (ii) the x-ray source and the radiation detector assembly being movable relative to each other such that a plurality of overlapping positions are selectively examinable, the x-ray source being triggered a plurality of times at each position such that a plurality of the electronic image representations are generated at each position;

a video camera connected with the radiation detector for converting the detected radiation into electronic image representations, the video camera being triggered subsequent to the x-ray source;

a rate adjusting means for adjusting a frame rate with which the video camera is triggered in accordance with a duration over which the x-ray source and the video camera were triggered at preceding positions.

12. The radiology apparatus as set forth in claim 11, further comprising:

a monitor for converting the electronic image representations generated at each position into human-readable displays;

a means for manually indexing to a next position in accordance with the human-readable displays on the monitor.

13. The radiology apparatus as set forth in claim 12, further comprising:

a means for automatically indexing through each of the plurality of positions to generate an electronic reference image representation corresponding to each position;

a means for subtracting the electronic reference image representation for each position from each processed electronic image representation generated at the corresponding position to generate an electronic difference image representation for display on the video monitor.

14. In a radiological diagnostic apparatus which includes a patient support, an x-ray source which is selectively gated to irradiate and not irradiate the supported patient, an x-ray detector assembly for receiving x-rays from the x-ray source which have passed through the patient and converting the x-rays into an electronic image representation, and in which the patient support and the x-ray source/radiation detector assembly are movable relative to each other such that a plurality of overlapping positions are selectively examinable and in which at least the x-ray source is triggered a plurality of times at each position such that a plurality of the electronic image representations are generated at each position, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING:

an electronic image analyzer for analyzing the electronic image representations to determine progress of a peak concentration of a radiographic dye through the subject;

a rate adjusting means for adjusting a rate at which the x-ray source is triggered to pass radiation through the patient to generate the electronic image representations in accordance with the determined progress of the radiopaque dye concentration.

15. In the apparatus as set forth in claim 14, the improvement further comprising:

a means connected between the analyzer and the rate adjusting means for projecting when the peak concentration will cross a center of a next position.