Psuedo-color display for enhanced visual target detection

• US 5,546,091 A
• Filed: 11/23/1994
• Issued: 08/13/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 11/23/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Haugen, Marc D., Morelock, Robin L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lobo, Ian J.
• Application Number:
  US08/344,767
• Time in Patent Office: 629 Days
• Field of Search: 342/176, 342/181, 345/22, 345/153, 345/154, 345/199, 395/100
• US Class Current: 342/181
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/90 using synthetic aperture techniques , e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/062 in which different colours are used
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/064 using a display memory for image processing G01S7/298 takes precedence

Abstract

A pseudo-color display useful for enhanced target detection of two-dimensional images such as SAR data. The system includes a color display apparatus responsive to red, green and blue display control signals, and apparatus responsive to the input image data for remapping the respective input data for each pixel comprising the input image into respective red, green and blue display control signals in accordance with respective nonlinear red, green and blue remapping functions dependent on a single intensity threshold. This apparatus can include respective look-up tables stored in memory for each color, to be addressed by the respective pixel values. The display in one form also includes an image data processor which analyzes the input image data to adaptively select the intensity threshold, and calculate the respective remapping function values.

Claims

1. Apparatus for display of input image data employing pseudo-color remapping to enhance image interpretation, comprising:

a color display apparatus responsive to red, green and blue intensity control signals;

means responsive to the input image data for remapping the respective input data for each pixel comprising the input image into respective red, blue and green intensity control signals in accordance with respective nonlinear red, blue and green intensity functions dependent on a single threshold value, and wherein said means responsive to the input image data remaps the input intensity data values x into corresponding output intensity values y in accordance with the following relationships;

for values of x greater than zero but less than the threshold value T

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y.sub.blue =0

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y.sub.green =x

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y.sub.red =-((x-T)(-T).sup.2M-1).sup.(1/2M) +T,

and for values of x greater than or equal to the threshold value T

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y.sub.blue =S((x-T)/(S-T))

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y.sub.green =((x-T)(S-T).sup.2M-1).sup.1/(2M) +T

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y.sub.red =((x-T)(S-T).sup.2M-1).sup.1/(2M) +T

where S represents the maximum saturation intensity value and M is related to the order of the polynomial function defining remapping functions;

said color display apparatus responsive to said red, green and blue display control signals to display the image in pseudo-color.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein remapping functions and the threshold value are selected such that the image background is displayed as green, lower intensity targets are displayed in yellow, with corner reflectors and other very high intensity targets displayed in white.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said means responsive to the input image data comprises:

a first memory means for storing a blue look up table of blue display control signal values, each corresponding to a particular input pixel intensity value;

a second memory means for storing a green look up table of green display control signal values, each corresponding to a particular input pixel intensity value; and

a third memory means for storing a red look up table of red display control signal values, each corresponding to a particular input pixel intensity value.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said input image data comprises log-detected synthetic aperture radar image data, and the value of M is selected to be three.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said color display apparatus comprises a color cathode ray tube device having respective red, green and blue guns.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a green remapping function comprises a linear ramp relationship for input intensity values between zero and said threshold value, and is a nonlinear relationship for input intensity values between the threshold values and the maximum intensity value, said linear ramp below the threshold value serving to maintain background dynamic range.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the output intensity resulting from a blue remapping function is zero for input intensity values between zero and said threshold value, and is a linear ramp function of the input intensity value from the threshold value to the maximum intensity value, said blue function linear ramp function above the threshold value serving to preserve target detail.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the output intensity resulting from a red remapping function is a nonlinear function of the input intensity value for input intensity values between zero and the maximum intensity value.

9. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising an image data processor responsive to the input image data for adaptively selecting the threshold value in dependence on predetermined characteristics of the image.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said predetermined characteristics of the image include the mean pixel intensity μ

and the standard deviation σ

of the pixel intensity.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said threshold value T is calculated in accordance with the relationship

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the image data comprises log-detected synthetic aperture radar data.

13. A method for displaying input image data on color display apparatus responsive to red, green and blue intensity control signals, employing pseudo-color remapping to enhance image interpretation, comprising the steps of:

remapping the respective input data for each pixel comprising the input image into respective red, blue and green intensity control signals in accordance with respective nonlinear red, blue and green intensity functions dependent on a single threshold value, wherein said remapping step comprises remapping the input intensity data values x into corresponding output intensity values y in accordance with the following relationships;

for values of x greater than zero but less than the threshold value T

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y.sub.blue =0

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y.sub.green =x

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y.sub.red =-((x-T)(-T).sup.2M-1).sup.(1/2M) +T,

and for values of x greater than or equal to the the threshold value T

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y.sub.blue =S((x-T)/(S-T))

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y.sub.green =((x-T)(S-T).sup.2M-1).sup.1/(2M) +T

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">y.sub.red =((x-T)(S-T).sup.2M-1).sup.1/(2M) +T

where S represents the maximum saturation intensity value and M is related to the order of the polynomial function defining remapping functions;

sending said red, green and blue display control signals to the color display apparatus to display the image in pseudo-color.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein remapping functions and the threshold value are selected such that the image background is displayed as green, lower intensity targets are displayed in yellow, with corner reflectors and other very high intensity targets displayed in white.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein said remapping step comprises:

storing a blue look up table of blue display control signal values in a first memory, each value corresponding to a particular input pixel intensity value;

storing a green look up table of green display control signal values in a second memory, each value corresponding to a particular input pixel intensity value; and

storing a red look up table of red display control signal values in a third memory, each value corresponding to a particular input pixel intensity value.

16. The method of claim 13 wherein said color display apparatus comprises a color cathode ray tube device having respective red, green and blue guns.

17. The method of claim 13 wherein a green remapping function comprises a linear ramp relationship for input intensity values between zero and said threshold value, and is a nonlinear relationship for input intensity values between the threshold values and the maximum intensity value, said linear ramp below the threshold value serving to maintain background dynamic range.

18. The method of claim 13 wherein a blue remapping function sets the blue intensity control signal to zero for input intensity values between zero and said threshold value, and is a linear ramp function of the input intensity value from the threshold value to the maximum intensity value, said blue function linear ramp function above the threshold value serving to preserve target detail.

19. The method of claim 13 wherein the red intensity control signal is a nonlinear function of the input intensity value for input intensity values between zero and the maximum intensity value.