Visual frame buffer architecture

• US 5,546,531 A
• Filed: 04/20/1995
• Issued: 08/13/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 04/17/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Lippincott, Louis A.
• Primary Examiner(s): TUNG, KEE M
• Application Number:
  US08/425,785
• Time in Patent Office: 481 Days
• Field of Search: 395/162-166, 395/153, 395/168, 395/135, 395/157, 345/185, 345/189, 345/190, 345/196, 345/200, 345/201, 345/120, 345/119, 365/230.01, 365/230.03, 365/230.05, 365/230.09, 365/189.01, 365/189.04, 365/189.12
• US Class Current: 345/547
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2340/125 wherein one of the images is motion video
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 5/06 using colour palettes, e.g. look-up tables
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 5/363 Graphics controllers
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 5/397 Arrangements specially adapted for transferring the contents of two or more bit-mapped memories to the screen simultaneously, e.g. for mixing or overlay G09G5/02 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/44504 Circuit details of the additional information generator, e.g. details of the character or graphics signal generator, overlay mixing circuits

Abstract

A graphics controller concurrently reads two streams of visual data stored in memory, where one of the streams is in a subsampled data format. The graphics controller upsamples the subsampled visual data and merges the two data streams to generate a merged pixel stream for display. One data stream may be graphics data in an 8-bit CLUT format and the other data stream may be video data in an 8-bit YUV format. The graphics controller may apply chromakeying to generate the merged pixel stream.

Claims

1. An apparatus for processing visual data, comprising:

(a) a first storage means;

(b) a second storage means; and

(c) a graphics controller coupled to the first and second storage means, wherein;

the first storage means stores visual data in a first data format;

the second storage means stores visual data in a second data format;

the graphics controller receives m bits of the visual data in the first data format from the first storage means concurrently with n bits of the visual data in the second data format from the second storage means and merges the visual data in the first data format with the visual data in the second data format to generate a merged pixel stream for display;

the visual data in the second data format is in a subsampled data format; and

the graphics controller upsamples the visual data in the second data format to generate the merged pixel stream.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising data transfer means for transmitting the visual data in the first data format from the first storage means to the graphics controller and for transmitting the visual data in the second data format from the second storage means to the graphics controller.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:

the first storage means is a first random access memory (RAM) device; and

the second storage means is a second RAM device.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:

the visual data in the first data format comprises graphics data; and

the visual data in the second data format comprises video data.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein:

the graphics data is in an 8-bit CLUT format;

the video data is in an 8-bit YUV format; and

m equals n.

6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the visual data in the second data format is in an 8-bit YUV format.

7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the visual data in the first data format comprises the same number of bits per pixel as the visual data in the second data format and m equals n.

8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first and second storage means are part of a single memory bank.

9. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the graphics controller performs chromakeying to generate the merged pixel stream.

10. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:

the data transfer means comprises a first data bus and a second data bus;

the first data bus transmits the visual data in the first data format from the first storage means to the graphics controller; and

the second data bus transmits the visual data in the second data format from the second storage means to the graphics controller concurrently with the transmission of the visual data in the first data format from the first storage means to the graphics controller through the first data bus.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first data bus and the second data bus are the same size and m equals n.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first data bus is an 8-bit data bus.

13. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:

the data transfer means comprises a single data bus;

the single data bus transmits the visual data in the first data format from the first storage means to the graphics controller; and

the single data bus transmits the visual data in the second data format from the second storage means to the graphics controller concurrently with the transmission of the visual data in the first data format from the first storage means to the graphics controller through the single data bus.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the single data bus is a 16-bit data bus.

15. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:

the first storage means is a first random access memory (RAM) device;

the second storage means is a second RAM device;

the visual data in the first data format comprises graphics data;

the visual data in the second data format comprises video data in the subsampled format;

the graphics data comprises the same number of bits per pixel as the video data;

m equals n; and

the graphics controller upsamples the video data.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein:

the graphics data is in an 8-bit CLUT format; and

the video data is in an 8-bit YUV format.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the graphics controller performs chromakeying to generate the merged pixel stream.

18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein:

the data transfer means comprises a first 8-bit data bus and a second 8-bit data bus;

the first 8-bit data bus transmits the graphics data from the first RAM device to the graphics controller; and

the second 8-bit data bus transmits the video data from the second RAM device to the graphics controller concurrently with the transmission of the graphics data from the first RAM device to the graphics controller through the first 8-bit data bus.

19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein:

the data transfer means comprises a single 16-bit data bus;

the single 16-bit data bus transmits the graphics data from the first RAM device to the graphics controller; and

the single 16-bit data bus transmits the video data from the second RAM device to the graphics controller concurrently with the transmission of the graphics data from the first RAM device to the graphics controller through the single 16-bit data bus.

20. A method for processing visual data, comprising the steps of:

(a) storing visual data in a first data format in a first storage means;

(b) storing visual data in a second data format in a second storage means;

(c) transmitting m bits of the visual data in the first data format from the first storage means to a graphics controller;

(d) transmitting n bits of the visual data in the second data format from the second storage means to the graphics controller, wherein step (c) is implemented concurrently with step (d); and

(e) merging, with the graphics controller, the visual data in the first data format and the visual data in the second data format to generate a merged pixel stream for display, wherein;

the visual data in the second data format is in a subsampled data format; and

step (e) further comprises the step of upsampling, with the graphics controller, the visual data in the second data format.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein:

step (c) comprises the step of transmitting the visual data in the first data format from the first storage means to a graphics controller through a data transfer means; and

step (d) comprises the step of transmitting the visual data in the second data format from the second storage means to the graphics controller through the data transfer means.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein:

the first storage means is a first random access memory (RAM) device; and

the second storage means is a second RAM device.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein:

the visual data in the first data format comprises graphics data; and

the visual data in the second data format comprises video data.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein:

the graphics data is in an 8-bit CLUT format;

the video data is in an 8-bit YUV format; and

m equals n.

25. The method of claim 21, wherein the visual data in the second data format is in an 8-bit YUV format.

26. The method of claim 21, wherein the visual data in the first data format comprises the same number of bits per pixel as the visual data in the second data format and m equals n.

27. The method of claim 21, wherein the first and second storage means are part of a single memory bank.

28. The method of claim 21, wherein step (e) comprises the step of performing chromakeying, with the graphics controller, to generate the merged pixel stream.

29. The method of claim 21, wherein:

the data transfer means comprises a first data bus and a second data bus;

step (c) comprises the step of transmitting the visual data in the first data format from the first storage means to the graphics controller through the first data bus; and

step (d) comprises the step of transmitting the visual data in the second data format from the second storage means to the graphics controller through the second data bus concurrently with step (c).

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the first data bus and the second data bus are the same size and m equals n.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the first data bus is an 8-bit data bus.

32. The method of claim 21, wherein:

the data transfer means comprises a single data bus;

step (c) comprises the step of transmitting the visual data in the first data format from the first storage means to the graphics controller through the single data bus; and

step (d) comprises the step of transmitting the visual data in the second data format from the second storage means to the graphics controller through the single data bus concurrently with step (c).

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the single data bus is a 16-bit data bus.

34. The method of claim 21, wherein:

the first storage means is a first random access memory (RAM) device;

the second storage means is a second RAM device;

the visual data in the first data format comprises graphics data;

the visual data in the second data format comprises video data in the subsampled format;

the graphics data comprises the same number of bits per pixel as the video data;

m equals n; and

step (e) further comprises the step of upsampling, with the graphics controller, the video data.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein:

the graphics data is in an 8-bit CLUT format; and

the video data is in an 8-bit YUV format.

36. The method of claim 34, wherein step (e) comprises the step of performing chromakeying, with the graphics controller, to generate the merged pixel stream.

37. The method of claim 34, wherein:

the data transfer means comprises a first 8-bit data bus and a second 8-bit data bus;

step (c) comprises the step of transmitting the graphics data from the first RAM device to the graphics controller through the first 8-bit data bus; and

step (d) comprises the step of transmitting the video data from the second RAM device to the graphics controller through the second 8-bit data bus concurrently with step (c).

38. The method of claim 34, wherein:

the data transfer means comprises a single 16-bit data bus;

step (c) comprises the step of transmitting the graphics data from the first RAM device to the graphics controller through the single 16-bit data bus; and

step (d) comprises the step of transmitting the video data from the second RAM device to the graphics controller through the single 16-bit data bus concurrently with step (c).

39. An apparatus for processing visual data, comprising:

(a) means for storing visual data in a first data format;

(b) means for storing visual data in a second data format;

(c) means for transmitting m bits of the visual data in the first data format from means (a);

(d) means for transmitting n bits of the visual data in the second data format from means (b) concurrently with the transmitting of means (c); and

(e) means for concurrently receiving the visual data in the first data format from means (a) through means (c) and the visual data in the second data format from means (b) through means (d) and for merging the visual data in the first data format and the visual data in the second data format to generate a merged pixel stream for display, wherein;

the visual data in the second data format is in a subsampled data format; and

means (e) upsamples the visual data in the second data format.

40. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein:

means (a) is a first random access memory (RAM) device; and

means (b) is a second RAM device.

41. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein:

the visual data in the first data format comprises graphics data; and

the visual data in the second data format comprises video data.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein:

the graphics data is in an 8-bit CLUT format;

the video data is in an 8-bit YUV format; and

m equals n.

43. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein the visual data in the second data format is in an 8-bit YUV format.

44. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein the visual data in the first data format comprises the same number of bits per pixel as the visual data in the second data format and m equals n.

45. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein the means (a) and means (b) are part of a single memory bank.

46. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein means (e) performs chromakeying to generate the merged pixel stream.

47. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein:

means (c) comprises a first data bus;

means (d) comprises a second data bus;

the first data bus transmits the visual data in the first data format from means (a) to means (e); and

the second data bus transmits the visual data in the second data format from means (b) to means (e) concurrently with the transmission of the visual data in the first data format through the first data bus.

48. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein the first data bus and the second data bus are the same size and m equals n.

49. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein the first data bus is an 8-bit data bus.

50. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein:

means (c) and (d) are part of a single data bus;

the single data bus transmits the visual data in the first data format from means (a) to means (e); and

the single data bus transmits the visual data in the second data format from means (b) to means (e) concurrently with the transmission of the visual data in the first data format through the single data bus.

51. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the single data bus is a 16-bit data bus.

52. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein:

means (a) is a first random access memory (RAM) device;

means (b) is a second RAM device;

the visual data in the first data format comprises graphics data;

the visual data in the second data format comprises video data in the subsampled format;

the graphics data comprises the same number of bits per pixel as the video data;

m equals n; and

means (e) upsamples the video data.

53. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein:

the graphics data is in an 8-bit CLUT format; and

the video data is in an 8-bit YUV format.

54. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein means (e) performs chromakeying to generate the merged pixel stream.

55. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein:

means (c) comprises a first 8-bit data bus;

means (d) comprises a second 8-bit data bus;

the first 8-bit data bus transmits the graphics data from the first RAM device to means (e); and

the second 8-bit data bus transmits the video data from the second RAM device to means (e) concurrently with the transmission of the graphics data from the first RAM device to means (e) through the first 8-bit data bus.

56. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein:

means (c) and (d) are part of a single 16-bit data bus;

the single 16-bit data bus transmits the graphics data from the first RAM device to means (e); and

the single 16-bit data bus transmits the video data from the second RAM device to means (e) concurrently with the transmission of the graphics data from the first RAM device to means (e) through the single 16-bit data bus.