Apparatus and method for detecting a signal in a communications system

• US 5,553,081 A
• Filed: 04/08/1994
• Issued: 09/03/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 04/08/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Echelon Corporation (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Echelon Corporation (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Inventors: Downey, Walter J., Sutterlin, Philip H., Dolin, Robert A. Jr., Stewart, J. Marcus, Chui, Benjamin W., Hurlbut, Amy O.
• Primary Examiner(s): Voeltz, Emanuel T.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Assouad, Patrick J.
• Application Number:
  US08/224,903
• Time in Patent Office: 879 Days
• Field of Search: 371/6, 375/1, 375/7, 375/37, 375/39, 375/10, 375/219, 375/279, 375/329, 329/304, 332/103, 370/20, 370/85.2, 370/85.3, 370/85.4, 340/310.01, 340/310.02, 340/310.03, 455/3.3, 364/514 R
• US Class Current: 714/709
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5408 using protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/54 Systems for transmission via power distribution lines

Abstract

In a communications system, an apparatus and method for detecting a valid signal from noise. An adaptive threshold is used to qualify a received signal. The adaptive threshold is set according to the number of false detects occurring within a given time interval. The number of false detects is initially determined by a quick qualification process. This initial number is subsequently adjusted by a more accurate qualification process. The transmitted signal is modulated with a particular pattern. Upon receiving the signal, it is demodulated to retrieve that pattern. The demodulated pattern is correlated against multiple reference patterns and combined to provide a measure of peak correlation that is independent of pattern phase. Furthermore, a tone detector is used to distinguish valid signals from interfering tones. Two different types of detection methods are performed in parallel. One is based on the energy of the received signal, whereas the other is based on the correlation of the received signal.

Claims

1. A method for detecting a valid message signal, said method comprising the steps of:

setting a threshold at an initial level for qualifying a received signal;

counting from a first count to a second count, said first count and said second count defining a time interval;

determining a number of false signals that were detected during said counting step;

pausing said counting step during reception of a data packet; and

adjusting said threshold according to said number of false signals that were detected during said counting step.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of pausing said counting step during a transmission of a data packet.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

generating a plurality of correlation values by correlating said received signal against a known wave form; and

adjusting said number of false signals that were detected according to a result of a comparison between each of said correlation values against said threshold.

4. The method of claim 3 further comprising the step of resetting said second level of qualification upon detecting a low correlation.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein said low correlation corresponds to said correlation value being less than half of said threshold.

6. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of disabling said resetting step if a number of consecutive signal detect pulses are generated by said first level of qualification.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein said second level of qualification on said received signal is comprised of the steps of:

generating signal detect pulses corresponding to cycles of a pattern of a preamble according to said first level of qualification; and

determining whether at least two signal detect pulses corresponding to two of said correlation values which are non-overlapping have occurred within a second time interval.

8. The method of claim 7 further comprising the steps of:

determining whether N additional signal detect pulses follow at least two signal detect pulses corresponding to two correlation values which are non-overlapping within said second time interval, wherein N is programmably pre-determined; and

indicating that said received signal is said valid message signal if N additional signal detects pulses follow said at least two signal detect pulses.

9. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:

setting a channel busy indicator if said received signal passes said first level of qualification.

10. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of clearing said channel busy indicator if after a first specified time period following a first signal detect pulse by said first level of qualification, said second level of qualification does not indicate said valid message signal.

11. The method of claim 3 further comprising the step of resetting said second level of qualification upon detecting a low correlation.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said low correlation corresponds to said correlation value being less than half of said threshold.

13. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of disabling said resetting step if a number of consecutive signal detect pulses are generated by said first level of qualification.

14. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of adjusting said number of false signals that were detected during said time interval if a word synchronization is not achieved following a second specified time period after detection of a first signal detect pulse generated by said first level of qualification.

15. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of distinguishing interfering tones over said valid message signal.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said step of distinguishing interfering tones is comprised of the steps of:

determining a larger signal and a smaller signal between an in-phase signal and a quadrature signal of said received signal;

detecting a zero crossing of said larger signal;

recording an amplitude of said smaller signal;

comparing said larger signal to the previously recorded amplitude of said smaller signal after a pre-determined period of time; and

generating an interfering tone signal indicating that said received signal is an interfering tone if said amplitude of said larger signal is within a pre-determined magnitude of said smaller signal.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein said first level of qualification and said second level of qualification are based on an energy of said received signal.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining step is comprised of the steps of:

performing said first level of qualification on said received signal;

incrementing said number of false signals if said received signal passes said first level of qualification;

performing said second level of qualification on said received signal; and

decrementing said number of false signals if said received signal passes said second level of qualification.

19. The method of claim 18 further comprising the step of correlating said received signal against a known waveform to determine a correlation value, wherein said received signal passes said first level of qualification if said correlation value exceeds said threshold.

60. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

performing a first qualification of said received signal;

performing a second qualification of said received signal; and

detecting said valid message signal based on both said first qualification and said second qualification.

61. A method according to claim 60, wherein said second qualification is based on a criterion different from that of said first qualification.

62. A method according to claim 60, wherein said first qualification has a first decision time for qualifying said received signal, wherein said second qualification has a second decision time for qualifying said received signal longer than said first decision time, such that said second qualification is more accurate than said first qualification.

20. A method for detecting a valid message signal, said method comprising the steps of:

a) setting a threshold at an initial level for qualifying a received signal;

b) counting from a first count to a second count, said first count and said second count defining an interval of time;

c) determining a number of false signals that were detected during said counting step, wherein said determining step comprises the steps of;

i) performing a first level of qualification on said received signal;

ii) incrementing said number of false signals if said received signal passes said first level of qualification;

iii) performing a second level of qualification on said received signal;

iv) decrementing said number of false signals if said second level of qualification indicates that said received signal is said valid message signal;

d) pausing said counting step during reception of a data packet;

e) lowering said threshold if said number of false signals that were detected during said counting step is less than a first pre-determined number;

f) raising said threshold if said number of false signals that were detected during said counting step is greater than a second pre-determined number; and

g) detecting said valid message signal based on said first level of qualification and said second level of qualification.

21. The method of claim 20 further comprising the step of setting a channel busy indicator if said received signal passes said first level of qualification.

22. The method of claim 21 further comprising the steps of repeating said determining step N times and selecting the channel having larger components most of said N times.

63. A method according to claim 20, wherein said second level of qualification is based on criteria different than that of said first level of qualification.

64. A method according to claim 20, wherein said second level of qualification has a decision time longer than that of said first level of qualification, such that said second level of qualification is more accurate than said first level of qualification.

65. A method according to claim 20, wherein said step of incrementing said number of false signals comprises the step of incrementing said number of false signals if said received signal passes said first level of qualification.

23. A method for producing correlation values, said method comprising the steps of:

modulating a carrier message signal with a particular pattern;

providing at least one reference pattern;

demodulating said carrier message signal to generate a demodulated pattern having a phase relative to said at least one reference pattern;

correlating said demodulated pattern against said at least one reference pattern to generate coefficient values; and

combining said coefficient values to provide a peak correlation value, wherein said correlating and combining steps yield a correlation value substantially independent of said phase of said demodulated pattern.

24. The method of claim 23 further comprising the step of demodulating said carrier message signal by down-converting said carrier message signal into an in-phase channel and a quadrature channel.

25. The method of claim 24 further comprising the steps of:

performing said modulating, said demodulating, said correlating, and said combining steps in an in-phase channel and a quadrature phase channel;

combining said correlation values from said in-phase channel to form a total correlation value, wherein said total correlation value is substantially independent of pattern phase and carrier phase.

26. The method of claim 25 further comprising the steps of:

determining which of said in-phase channel and said quadrature channel has a larger recovered amplitude;

selecting said correlation value based upon the channel having said larger recovered amplitude.

27. The method of claim 26 further comprising the steps of repeating said determining step N times and selecting the channel having said larger recovered amplitude most of said N times.

28. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of generating said correlation value for a first period, and wherein a second correlation value is found by combining the correlation values corresponding to at least two previous said first periods.

29. The method of claim 28 wherein the second correlation values are produced for each of said first period and wherein each of the second correlation values represents a correlation which overlaps at least one of the correlations of the previous said first period.

30. The method of claim 24 wherein said demodulated pattern is comprised of a single bit limited sinusoidal waveform.

31. The method of claim 24 wherein the signal in the in-phase and quadrature phase channels used to produce said correlation value is represented by at least three amplitude levels.

32. The method of claim 23 further comprising the steps of:

generating an I signal and a Q signal output from a quadrature down converter corresponding to a received signal;

generating a signal indicating the presence of an interfering tone by comparing a phase relationship between said I signal and said Q signal.

33. The method of claim 32 further comprising the steps of:

determining whether said I signal and said Q signal are such that an IQ plot of said I signal and said Q signal forms an approximate circle or an approximate ellipse;

generating said signal indicating the presence of said interfering tone if said IQ plot forms said approximate circle.

34. The method of claim 32, wherein said signal indicating said interfering tone is generated if said I signal is approximately 90°

out of phase relative to said Q signal.

35. The method of claim 32 further comprising the steps of:

determining a larger signal and a smaller signal between an in-phase signal and a quadrature signal of said received signal;

detecting a zero crossing of said larger signal;

recording an amplitude of said smaller signal;

comparing said larger signal to the previously recorded amplitude of said smaller signal after a pre-determined period of time; and

generating an interfering tone signal indicating that said received signal is said interfering tone if said amplitude of said larger signal is within a pre-determined magnitude of said smaller signal.

36. The method of claim 23 further comprising the step of generating said correlation value for a first period, wherein said correlation value is a combination of the correlation values corresponding to at least two previous first periods.

37. The method of claim 36 further comprising the step of resetting a second level of qualification upon detecting a low correlation.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein said low correlation corresponds to said correlation value being less than half of a threshold.

39. The method of claim 36 further comprising the step of disabling said resetting step if a number of consecutive signal detect pulses are generated by a first level of qualification.

40. The method of claim 39, further comprising the step of performing a second level of qualification on said received signal, said second level of qualification comprising the steps of:

generating signal detect pulses corresponding to each cycle of said pattern of a preamble according to said first level of qualification;

determining whether at least two non-overlapping signal detect pulses followed by at least two additional signal detect pulses have occurred within a second time interval;

indicating that said received signal is a valid message signal if at least two non-overlapping signal detect pulses followed by at least two additional signal detect pulses.

41. The method of claim 23 further comprising the steps of:

setting a threshold at an initial level for qualifying a received signal;

counting from a first count to a second count, said first count and said second count corresponding to an interval of time;

determining a number of false signals that were detected during said counting step;

pausing said counting step during reception of a data packet;

adjusting said threshold according to said number of false signals that were detected during said counting step.

42. The method of claim 41 wherein the step of adjusting said number of false signals that were detected during said interval occurs if a word synchronization is not achieved following a second specified time period after detection of a first signal detect pulse generated by an initial qualification of the received signal.

43. The method of claim 23 wherein the demodulated patterns are represented by at least three amplitude levels.

44. The method of claim 23, wherein said demodulated carrier message signal is single bit limited.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein said carrier message signal is comprised of a preamble having a single bit limited sinusoidal pattern.

46. The method of claim 45 wherein said reference patterns are comprised of a single bit limited cosine wave and a single bit limited sine wave.

47. The method of claim 23, wherein said correlation method is used for carrier detect.

48. The method of claim 23, wherein a valid carrier message signal is comprised of a single bit limited sinusoidal pattern.

49. The method of claim 23, wherein said carrier signal is transmitted over a power line.

50. A transceiver for qualifying a valid message signal received from a transmission source, the transceiver comprising:

a first detector for qualifying the valid message signal by comparing a strength of a received signal to a strength threshold, wherein said received signal is indicated as being valid if said strength of said received signal exceeds said strength threshold; and

a second detector for qualifying said valid message signal based on a correlation between said valid message signal and at least one reference pattern, wherein said first detector and said second detector operate in parallel.

51. The transceiver of claim 50, wherein said second detector distinguishes between message packets transmitted from different types of transceivers.

52. The transceiver of claim 50, wherein operation of said first detector is not dependent on operation of said second detector.

53. The transceiver of claim 50, wherein said second detector includes an adaptive threshold circuit.

54. A data communications network comprising:

a plurality of nodes for transmitting and receiving a plurality of message packets;

means for aborting a transmission of one of said message packets if a transmission by at least one of said nodes exceeds a predetermined time interval; and

means for initiating a retransmission of said one of said message packets in response to a signal generated by said at least one nodes indicating that said transmission had been previously aborted.

55. A method for distinguishing a valid data signal from a false tone, said method comprising the steps of:

generating an I signal and a Q signal output from a quadrature down converter, said I signal and said Q signal output corresponding to a received signal, said quadrature down converter having an I channel and a Q channel 90°

out of phase with respect to said I channel; and

generating a signal indicating the presence of an interfering tone by comparing a phase relationship between said I signal and said Q signal.

56. The method of claim 55 further comprising the steps of:

determining whether said I signal and said Q signal are such that an IQ plot of the phase relationship between said I signal and said Q signal forms an approximate circle or an approximate ellipse;

generating said signal indicating said presence of said interfering tone if said IQ plot forms said approximate circle.

57. The method of claim 55, wherein said signal indicating said presence of said interfering tone is generated if said I signal is approximately 90°

out of phase relative to said Q signal.

58. The method of claim 55 further comprising the steps of:

determining a larger signal and a smaller signal between an in-phase signal and a quadrature signal of said received signal;

detecting a zero crossing of said larger signal;

recording an amplitude of said smaller signal;

comparing said larger signal to the previously recorded amplitude of said smaller signal after a pre-determined period of time; and

generating an interfering tone signal indicating that said received signal is said interfering tone if said amplitude of said larger signal is within a pre-determined magnitude of said smaller signal.

59. A method for operating a transceiver which transmits and receives message packets comprising the steps of:

aborting a transmission by at least one of a plurality of nodes if said transmission exceeds a pre-determined time interval; and

initiating a retransmission in response to a signal generated within said at least one of said plurality of nodes indicating that said transmission had been previously aborted.