Belt tensioner for safety belts for motor vehicles

• US 5,553,803 A
• Filed: 02/01/1995
• Issued: 09/10/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 09/13/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Takata (Europe) Vehicle Safety Technology GmbH
• Original Assignee: Takata (Europe) Vehicle Safety Technology GmbH
• Inventors: Wengert, Andreas, Steffan, Hermann, Wifling, Martin, Mitzkus, Jurgen, Kopetzky, Robert, Emmert, Erik, Bannert, Georg, Kempfle, Thomas, Diepold, Ulrich
• Primary Examiner(s): Jillions, John M.
• Application Number:
  US08/381,777
• Time in Patent Office: 587 Days
• Field of Search: 242/374, 280/806, 297/480, 92/90, 418/45
• US Class Current: 242/374
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2022/468 characterised by clutching means between actuator and belt reel
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 22/4628 characterised by fluid actuators, e.g. pyrotechnic gas generators actuating a cable B60R22/4619

Abstract

A belt tensioner for safety belt arrangements in motor vehicles has a holder (11) on which are provided a belt winding reel (12) with a safety belt (13) coiled thereon, a blocking arrangement and an additional drive (15) connected via clutch (20) to the belt winding reel (12). The additional drive (15) contains a pressure source (16) which abruptly builds up a high pressure in a pressure chamber on being triggered and also contains a torque generating device (18) acted on by the pressure in the pressure chamber (17) and a drive shaft (19) connected to the latter. The drive shaft (19) is rotationally fixedly connectable to the belt winding reel (12) via the clutch (20). The torque generating device (18) includes a flexible draw band (21) which is secured at one end at a first mounting point (25) to the periphery of the drive shaft (19) or to the drive reel (22) concentrically mounted thereon and is partially wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22) and is secured at the other end, at a second mounting point (26) to the peripheral wall (30) of a band running chamber (23) within a housing (24). Pressure applied to the draw band causes belt tensioning movement of the drive shaft (19) or drive reel (22).

Claims

1. Belt tensioner for safety belt arrangements in motor vehicles having a holder (11) secured to the vehicle chassis and on the holder a belt winding reel (12) with a safety belt (13) wound thereon, a retraction spring arrangement (14, 14'"'"') by means of with the safety belt (13) is continuously and lightly so pretensioned in the retraction direction that it only lies loosely on the vehicle occupant secured by it, a blocking arrangement between the belt winding reel (12) and the holder (11) of the vehicle chassis which blocks the safety belt (13) against being pulled out if suddenly pulled, and/or in the event of an acceleration resulting from an accident, and an additional drive (15) connected to the belt winding reel (12) via a clutch (20), wherein the additional drive (15) is normally separated drivewise from the belt winding reel (12) by the disengaged clutch (20), but is abruptly activated in the event of a acceleration resulting from an accident and is rotationally fixedly coupled with the belt winding reel (12) via the then engaged clutch (20) in order, before the vehicle occupant accelerates against the safety belt (13), to wind up such a length of the safety belt that the safety belt lies tightly on the vehicle occupant, with the additional drive (15) having a pressure source which is triggered or ignited by the accident dependent response of an acceleration sensor and which, on being triggered, abruptly builds up a high pressure in a pressure chamber (17), a torque generating device (18) which is energised by the pressure in the pressure chamber (17) and a drive shaft (19) connected to the torque generating device (18) which is rotationally fixedly connected with the belt winding reel (12) via the clutch (20), characterised in that the torque generating device (18) has at least one flexible tension band (21) which is secured at one end at a first mounting point (25) to the periphery of the drive shaft (19), or to the drive reel (22) which is concentrically mounted thereon, and is partially wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22), and is secured at the other end at second mounting point (26) to the peripheral wall (30) of a band running chamber (23) which is arranged within a housing (24) around the drive shaft (19), or around the drive reel (22) and has a width corresponding to the width of the draw band (21) in such a way that the draw band (21) extends through the band running chamber (23) while subdividing the band running chamber (23) into two partial chambers (23'"'"', 23") sealed off relative to one another;

and in that the partial chamber (23'"'"') which on being subjected to pressure brings about an unwinding of the tension band (21) from the rotating drive shaft (19) or drive reel (22) is connected to the pressure space (17) and with the other partial space (23") is vented; and

in that for the pressure-wise decoupling of the partial chambers (23'"'"', 23"), at least one sealing wall (29) is provided which extends between the housing (24) and the periphery of the flexible draw band (21) which is wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22) concentrically mounted thereon wherein the flexible draw band (21) extends through the band running chamber (23) up to its peripheral wall (30) with the same direction of curvature which it has as a result of being wound onto the drive shaft (19) or onto the drive reel (22).

2. Belt tensioner for safety belt arrangements in motor vehicles having a holder (11) secured to the vehicle chassis and on the holder a belt winding reel (12) with a safety belt (13) wound thereon, a retraction spring arrangement (14, 14'"'"') by means of with the safety belt (13) is continuously and lightly so pretensioned in the retraction direction that it only lies loosely on the vehicle occupant secured by it, a blocking arrangement between the belt winding reel (12) and the holder (11) of the vehicle chassis which blocks the safety belt (13) against being pulled out if suddenly pulled, and/or in the event of an acceleration resulting from an accident, and an additional drive (15) connected to the belt winding reel (12) via a clutch (20), wherein the additional drive (15) is normally separated drivewise from the belt winding reel (12) by the disengaged clutch (20), but is abruptly activated in the event of a acceleration resulting from an accident and is rotationally fixedly coupled with the belt winding reel (12) via the then engaged clutch (20) in order, before the vehicle occupant accelerates against the safety belt (13), to wind up such a length of the safety belt that the safety belt lies tightly on the vehicle occupant, with the additional drive (15) having a pressure source which is triggered or ignited by the accident dependent response of an acceleration sensor and which, on being triggered, abruptly builds up a high pressure in a pressure chamber (17), a torque generating device (18) which is energised by the pressure in the pressure chamber (17) and a drive shaft (19) connected to the torque generating device (18) which is rotationally fixedly connected with the belt winding reel (12) via the clutch (20), characterised in that the torque generating device (18) has at least one flexible tension band (21) which is secured at one end at a first mounting point (25) to the periphery of the drive shaft (19), or to the drive reel (22) which is concentrically mounted thereon, and is partially wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22), and is secured at the other end at a second mounting point (26) to the peripheral wall (30) of a band running chamber (23) which is arranged within a housing (24) around the drive shaft (19), or around the drive reel (22) and has a width corresponding to the width of the draw band (21) in such a way that the draw band (21) extends through the band running chamber (23) while subdividing the band running chamber (23) into two partial chambers 23") sealed off relative to one another;

and in that the partial chamber (23'"'"') which on being subjected to pressure brings about an unwinding of the tension band (21) from the rotating drive shaft (19) or drive reel (22) is connected to the pressure space (17) and with the Other partial space (23") is vented; and

in that for the pressure-wise decoupling of the partial chambers (23'"'"', 23"), at least one sealing wall (29) is provided which extends between the housing (24) and the periphery of the flexible draw band (21) which is wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22) concentrically mounted thereon wherein the sealing wall or walls (29) has or have a sealing lip (29'"'"') facing the outer surface of the coiled up draw band (21) and so extends or extend relative to the housing, and is or are so flexibly or hingedly designed or arranged, that the pressure in the associated pressure chamber (23'"'"') sealingly presses the sealing lip (29'"'"') against the outer surface of the coiled up draw band (21).

3. Belt tensioner for safety belt arrangements in motor vehicles having a holder (11) secured to the vehicle chassis and on the holder a belt winding reel (12) with a safety belt (13) wound thereon, a retraction spring arrangement (14, 14'"'"') by means of with the safety belt (13) is continuously and lightly so pretensioned in the retraction direction that it only lies loosely on the vehicle occupant secured by it, a blocking arrangement between the belt winding reel (12) and the holder (11) of the vehicle chassis which blocks the safety belt (13) against being pulled out if suddenly pulled, and/or in the event of an acceleration resulting from an accident, and an additional drive (15) connected to the belt winding reel (12) via a clutch (20), wherein the additional drive (15) is normally separated drivewise from the belt winding reel (12) by the disengaged clutch (20), but is abruptly activated in the event of a acceleration resulting from an accident and is rotationally fixedly coupled with the belt winding reel (12) via the then engaged clutch (20) in order, before the vehicle occupant accelerates against the safety belt (13), to wind up such a length of the safety belt that the safety belt lies tightly on the vehicle occupant, with the additional drive (15) having a pressure source which is triggered or ignited by the accident dependent response of an acceleration sensor and which, on being triggered, abruptly builds up a high pressure in a pressure chamber (17), a torque generating device (18) which is energised by the pressure in the pressure chamber (17) and a drive shaft (19) connected to the torque generating device (18) which is rotationally fixedly connected with the belt winding reel (12) via the clutch (20), characterised in that the torque generating device (18) has at least one flexible tension band (21) which is secured at one end at a first mounting point (25) to the periphery of the drive shaft (19), or to the drive reel (22) which is concentrically mounted thereon, and is partially wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22), and is secured at the other end at a second mounting point (26) to the peripheral wall (30) of a band running chamber (23) which is arranged within a housing (24) around the drive shaft (19), or around the drive reel (22) and has a width corresponding to the width of the draw band (21) in such a way that the draw band (21) extends through the band running chamber (23) while subdividing the band running chamber (23) into two partial chambers (23'"'"', 23") sealed off relative to one another;

and in that the partial chamber (23'"'"') which on being subjected to pressure brings about an unwinding of the tension band (21) from the rotating drive shaft (19) or drive reel (22) is connected to the pressure space (17) and with the other partial space (23") is vented; and

in that for the pressure-wise decoupling of the partial chambers (23'"'"', 23"), at least one sealing wall (29) is provided which extends between the housing (24) and the periphery of the flexible draw band (21) which is wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22) concentrically mounted thereon wherein the radial extent of the band running chamber varies in dependence on the angle of rotation relative to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft (19) or of the drive reel (20).

4. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 3, characterised in that the radial extent of the band running chamber (23") first increases in the direction of rotation which arises on the application of pressure--starting from the starting position of the draw band (21) corresponding to the maximum wound up position on the drive shaft (19), or the drive reel (20)--and then remains at least approximately constant or reduces again.

5. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 3, characterised in that the sealing walls (29) taper in scythe-like manner towards the drive shaft (19), or towards the drive reel (22), and form a sealing lip (31) radially inwardly with the draw bands (21) wound onto the drive shaft (19), or the drive reel (22).

6. Belt tensioner for safety belt arrangements in motor vehicles having a holder (11) secured to the vehicle chassis and on the holder a belt winding reel (12) with a safety belt (13) wound thereon, a retraction spring arrangement (14, 14'"'"') by meads of with the safety belt (13) is continuously and lightly so pretensioned in the retraction direction that it only lies loosely on the vehicle occupant secured by it, a blocking arrangement between the belt winding reel (12) and the holder (11) of the vehicle chassis which blocks the safety belt (13) against being pulled out if suddenly pulled, and/or in the event of an acceleration resulting from an accident, and an additional drive (15) connected to the belt winding reel (12) via a clutch (20), wherein the additional drive (15) is normally separated drivewise from the belt winding reel (12) by the disengaged clutch (20), but is abruptly activated in the event of a acceleration resulting from an accident and is rotationally fixedly coupled with the belt winding reel (12) via the then engaged clutch (20) in order, before the vehicle occupant accelerates against the safety belt (13), to wind up such a length of the safety belt that the safety belt lies tightly on the vehicle occupant, with the additional drive (15) having a pressure source which is triggered or ignited by the accident dependent response of an acceleration sensor and which, on being triggered, abruptly builds up a high pressure in a pressure chamber (17), a torque generating device (18) which is energised by the pressure in the pressure chamber (17) and a drive shaft (19) connected to the torque generating device (18) which is rotationally fixedly connected with the belt winding reel (12) via the clutch (20), characterised in that the torque generating device (18) has at least one flexible tension band (21) which is secured at one end at a first mounting point (25) to the periphery of the drive shaft (19), or to the drive reel (22) which is concentrically mounted thereon, and is partially wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22), and is secured at the other end at a second mounting point (26) to the peripheral wall (30) of a band running chamber (23) which is arranged within a housing (24) around the drive shaft (19), or around the drive reel (22) and has a width corresponding to the width of the draw band (21) in such a way that the draw band (21) extends through the band running chamber (23) while subdividing the band running chamber (23) into two partial chambers (23'"'"', 23") sealed off relative to one another;

and in that the partial chamber (23'"'"') which on being subjected to pressure brings about an unwinding of the tension band (21) from the rotating drive shaft (19) or drive reel (22) is connected to the pressure space (17) and with the other partial space (23") is vented; and

in that for the pressure-wise decoupling of the partial chambers (23'"'"', 23"), at least one sealing wall (29) is provided which extends between the housing (24) and the periphery of the flexible draw band (21) which is wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22) concentrically mounted thereon wherein a plurality of draw bands (21) and associated band running chambers (23) are provided distributed over the periphery of the drive shaft (19), or of the drive reel (22), and are separated from one another in pressure-tight manner by sealing walls (29).

7. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 6, characterised in that two draw bands (21) and associated band running chambers (23) are provided at equal angular distances.

8. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 6, characterised in that the several band running chambers (23) are connected via suitable branch lines (27, 28) to a single pressure chamber (17) or to a single pressure source (16).

9. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 6, characterised in that the sealing walls (29) extend from the peripheral wall (30) to the periphery of the drive shaft (19), of the drive reel (22), and are curved in such a way that the part of the draw band (21) extending between the drive shaft (19), or the drive reel (20), and the peripheral wall (30) contacts the curved sealing wall (29) in the starting position and adopts a concavely curved shape relative to the partial chamber (23'"'"') which is subjected to pressure.

10. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 9, characterised in that the part of the draw band (21) which extends between the drive shaft (19), or the drive reel (22), and the peripheral wall (30) contacts, in the end position, against the curved sealing wall (29) which follows in the direction of rotation.

11. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 6, characterised in that, sealing elements (32) are arranged at the pressure side of the draw bands (21), in the region of the smallest spacing between the draw bands (21) wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22), and the sealing wall (29), each said sealing element extending transversely over the band running space (23), with the thickness of each sealing element being sufficiently large that it sealingly contacts the gap between the periphery of the respective coiled up draw band and the sealing wall through the pressure in the partial chamber (23") to which pressure is applied, even with the maximum gap present in the largely uncoiled state of the draw band (21), but is not however pressed through the gap.

12. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 6, characterised in that the draw bands (21) which follow one another in the direction of rotation do not end in the region of their mounting points (26) at the housing (24) but join with each other outside of the band running chamber (23) to cooperate to form a single long continuous band.

13. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 12, characterised in that a band channel (33) extends in the housing (24) between the neighbouring mounting points (26), with the part (21'"'"') of the long band (21, 21'"'"', 21") which connects the actual draw bands (21) within the housing (24) extending through the band channel (23).

14. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 6, characterised in that the sealing wall (29) has at least one gas conducting groove (34) extending from radially outwardly to radially inwardly at the surface confronting the partial space (23'"'"') subjected to pressure.

15. Belt tensioner for safety belt arrangements in motor vehicles having a holder (11) secured to the vehicle chassis and on the holder a belt winding reel (12) with a safety belt (13) wound thereon, a retraction spring arrangement (14, 14'"'"') by means of with the safety belt (13) is continuously and lightly so pretensioned in the retraction direction that it only lies loosely on the vehicle occupant secured by it, a blocking arrangement between the belt winding reel (12) and the holder (11) of the vehicle chassis which blocks the safety belt (13) against being pulled out if suddenly pulled, and/or in the event of an acceleration resulting from an accident, and an additional drive (15) connected to the belt winding reel (12) via a clutch (20), wherein the additional drive (15) is normally separated drivewise from the belt winding reel (12) by the disengaged clutch (20), but is abruptly activated in the event of a acceleration resulting from an accident and is rotationally fixedly coupled with the belt winding reel (12) via the then engaged clutch (20) in order, before the vehicle occupant accelerates against the safety belt (13), to wind up such a length of the safety belt that the safety belt lies tightly on the vehicle occupant, with the additional drive (15) having a pressure source which is triggered or ignited by the accident dependent response of an acceleration sensor and which, on being triggered abruptly builds up a high pressure in a pressure chamber (17), a torque generating device (18) which is energised by the pressure in the pressure chamber (17) and a drive shaft (19) connected to the torque generating device (18) which is rotationally fixedly connected with the belt winding reel (12) via the clutch (20), characterised in that the torque generating device (18) has at least one flexible tension band (21) which is secured at one end at a first mounting point (25) to the periphery of the drive shaft (19), or to the drive reel (22) which is concentrically mounted thereon, and is partially wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22), and is secured at the other end at a second mounting point (26) to the peripheral wall (30) of a band running chamber (23) which is arranged within a housing (24) around the drive shaft (19), or around the drive reel (22) and has a width corresponding to the width of the draw band (21) in such a way that the draw band (21) extends through the band running chamber (23) while subdividing the band running chamber (23) into two partial chambers (23'"'"', 23") sealed off relative to one another;

and in that the partial chamber (23'"'"') which on being subjected to pressure brings about an unwinding of the tension band (21) from the rotating drive shaft (19) or drive reel (22) is connected to the pressure space (17) and with the other partial space (23") is vented; and

in that for the pressure-wise decoupling of the partial chambers (23'"'"', 23"), at least one sealing wall (29) is provided which extends between the housing (24) and the periphery of the flexible draw band (21) which is wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22) concentrically mounted thereon wherein the end of the draw band or draw bands (21) located at the drive shaft (19) or drive reel (22) is normally kept engaged in the drive shaft (19), or in the drive reel (22) by the layers of the draw bands (21) which stand under tension on the drive shaft (19) or drive reel (22) and can be automatically disengaged in the radial direction on a drop in pressure following triggering, with the tension prior to triggering in the normal state being ensured by a retaining means which holds the drive shaft (19) or the drive reel (22) in the tensioned state until triggered and is made inactive by the pressure generated in the pressure chamber (17) on triggering of the pressure source.

16. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 15, characterised in that a spring tongue (35) provided at the draw band end is pressed by the layers of the draw band (21) wound above it into a peripheral recess (36) of the drive shaft (19), or drive reel (22), and in this way a form-locked drive connection is produced between the draw band (21) and the drive shaft (19), or drive wheel (22), and in that the spring tongue also emerges from the peripheral recess (36) with the unwinding of the draw band (21) corresponding to belt tensioning and the termination of the pressure loading, as a result of the inherent resilient resetting force it possesses, and thus cancels the form locked drive connection between the draw band (21) and the drive shaft (19) or drive reel (22).

17. Belt tensioner for safety belt arrangements in motor vehicles having a holder (11) secured to the vehicle chassis and on the holder a belt winding reel (12) with a safety belt (13) wound thereon, a retraction spring arrangement (14, 14'"'"') by means of with the safety belt (13) is continuously and lightly so pretensioned in the retraction direction that it only lies loosely on the vehicle occupant secured by it, a blocking arrangement between the belt winding reel (12) and the holder (11) of the vehicle chassis which blocks the safety belt (13) against being pulled out if suddenly pulled, and/or in the event of an acceleration resulting from an accident, and an additional drive (15) connected to the belt winding reel (12) via a clutch (20), wherein the additional drive (15) is normally separated drivewise from the belt winding reel (12) by the disengaged clutch (20), but is abruptly activated in the event of a acceleration resulting from an accident and is rotationally fixedly coupled with the belt winding reel (12) via the then engaged clutch (20) in order, before the vehicle occupant accelerates against the safety belt (13), to wind up such a length of the safety belt that the safety belt lies tightly on the vehicle occupant, with the additional drive (15) having a pressure source which is triggered or ignited by the accident dependent response of an acceleration sensor and which, on being triggered, abruptly builds up a high pressure in a pressure chamber (17), a torque generating device (18) which is energised by the pressure in the pressure chamber (17) and a drive shaft (19) connected to the torque generating device (18) which is rotationally fixedly connected with the belt winding reel (12) via the clutch (20), characterised in that the torque generating device (18) has at least one flexible tension band (21) which is secured at one end at a first mounting point (25) to the periphery of the drive shaft (19), or to the drive reel (22) which is concentrically mounted thereon, and is partially wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22), and is secured at the other end at a second mounting point (26) to the peripheral wall (30) of a band running chamber (23) which is arranged within a housing (24) around the drive shaft (19), or around the drive reel (22) and has a width corresponding to the width of the draw band (21) in such a way that the draw band (21) extends through the band running chamber (23) while subdividing the band running chamber (23) into two partial chambers (23'"'"', 23") sealed off relative to one another;

and in that the partial chamber (23'"'"') which on being subjected to pressure brings about an unwinding of the tension band (21) from the rotating drive shaft (19) or drive reel (22) is connected to the pressure space (17) and with the other partial space (23") is vented; and

in that for the pressure-wise decoupling of the partial chambers (23'"'"', 23"), at least one sealing wall (29) is provided which extends between the housing (24) and the periphery of the flexible draw band (21) which is wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22) concentrically mounted thereon wherein a region of the or each sealing wall (19) facing the drive shaft (19), or drive reel (22), is formed so that it can pivot away in the direction of the pressure loaded partial chamber (23) through the spring tension of the coiled up draw band regions and/or through an additional spring.

18. Belt tensioner for safety belt arrangements in motor vehicles having a holder (11) secured to the vehicle chassis and on the holder a belt winding reel (12) with a safety belt (13) wound thereon, a retraction spring arrangement (14, 14'"'"') by means of with the safety belt (13) is continuously and lightly so pretensioned in the retraction direction that it only lies loosely on the vehicle occupant secured by it, a blocking arrangement between the belt winding reel (12) and the holder (11) of the vehicle chassis which blocks the safety belt (13) against being pulled out if suddenly pulled, and/or in the event of an acceleration resulting from an accident, and an additional drive (15) connected to the belt winding reel (12) via a clutch (20), wherein the additional drive (15) is normally separated drivewise from the belt winding reel (12) by the disengaged clutch (20), but is abruptly activated in the event of a acceleration resulting from an accident and is rotationally fixedly coupled with the belt winding reel (12) via the then engaged clutch (20) in order, before the vehicle occupant accelerates against the safety belt (13) to wind up such a length of the safety belt that the safety belt lies tightly on the vehicle occupant, with the additional drive (15) having a pyrotechnical pressure source which is triggered or ignited by the accident dependent response of an acceleration sensor and which, on being triggered, abruptly builds up a high pressure in a pressure chamber (17), a torque generating device (18) which is energised by the pressure in the pressure chamber (17) and a drive shaft (19) connected to the torque generating device (18) which is rotationally fixedly connected with the belt winding reel (12) via the clutch (20) characterised in that the torque generating device (18) has at least one flexible tension band (21) which is secured at one end at a first mounting point (25) to the periphery of the drive shaft (19), or to the drive reel (22) which is concentrically mounted thereon, and is partially wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22), and is secured at the other end at a second mounting point (26) to the peripheral wall (30) of a band running chamber (23) which is arranged within a housing (24) around the drive shaft (19), or around the drive reel (22) and has a width corresponding to the width of the draw band (21) in such a way that the draw band (21) extends through the band running chamber (23) while subdividing the band running chamber (23) into two partial chambers (23'"'"', 23") sealed off relative to one another;

and in that the partial chamber (23'"'"') which on being subjected to pressure brings about an unwinding of the tension band (21) from the rotating drive shaft (19) or drive reel (22) is connected to the pressure space (17) and with the other partial space (23'"'"') is vented; and

in that for the pressure-wise decoupling of the partial chambers (23'"'"', 23"), at least one sealing wall (29) is provided which extends between the housing (24) and the periphery of the flexible draw band (21) which is wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22) concentrically mounted thereon wherein the retraction spring arrangement (14'"'"') is arranged at the same end face of the belt winding reel (12) as the additional drive

     115) and the clutch (20), with the additional drive (15) and the clutch (20) lying between the retraction spring arrangement (14'"'"') and the belt winding reel (12), and the parts of the additional drive (15) lying on the axis of rotation (38) and the clutch (20) have axial cavities in the region of the rotational axis for the passage of an inner shaft (41) which rotationally fixedly connects the retraction spring arrangement (14'"'"') with the belt winding reel (12).

19. Belt tensioner for safety belt arrangements in motor vehicles having a holder (11) secured to the vehicle chassis and on the holder a belt winding reel (12) with a safety belt (13) wound thereon, a retraction spring arrangement (14, 14'"'"') by means of with the safety belt (13) is continuously and lightly so pretensioned in the retraction direction that it only lies loosely on the vehicle occupant secured by it, a blocking arrangement between the belt winding reel (12) and the holder (11) of the vehicle chassis which blocks the safety belt (13) against being pulled out if suddenly pulled, and/or in the event of an acceleration resulting from an accident, and an additional drive (15) connected to the belt winding reel (12) via a clutch (20), wherein the additional drive (15) is normally separated drivewise from the belt winding reel (12) by the disengaged clutch (20), but is abruptly activated in the event of a acceleration resulting from an accident and is rotationally fixedly coupled with the belt winding reel (12) via the then engaged clutch (20) in order, before the vehicle occupant accelerates against the safety belt (13), to wind up such a length of the safety belt that the safety belt lies tightly on the vehicle occupant, with the additional drive (15) having a pyrotechnical pressure source which is triggered or ignited by the accident dependent response of an acceleration sensor and which, on being triggered, abruptly builds up a high pressure in a pressure chamber (17), a torque generating device (18) which is energised by the pressure in the pressure chamber (17) and a drive shaft (19) connected to the torque generating device (18) which is rotationally fixedly connected with the belt winding reel (12) via the clutch (20), characterised in that the torque generating device (18) has at least one flexible tension band (21) which is secured at one end at a first mounting point (25) to the periphery of the drive shaft (19), or to the drive reel (22) which is concentrically mounted thereon, and is partially wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22), and is secured at the other end at a second mounting point (26) to the peripheral wall (30) of a band running chamber (23) which is arranged within a housing (24) around the drive shaft (19), or around the drive reel (22) and has a width corresponding to the width of the draw band (21) in such a way that the draw band (21) extends through the band running chamber (23) while subdividing the band running chamber (23) into two partial chambers (23'"'"', 23") sealed off relative to one another;

and in that the partial chamber (23'"'"') which on being subjected to pressure brings about an unwinding of the tension band (21) from the rotating drive shaft (19) or drive reel (22) is connected to the pressure space (17) and with the other partial space (23") is vented; and

in that for the pressure-wise decoupling of the partial chambers (23'"'"', 23"), at least one sealing wall (29) is provided which extends between the housing (24) and the periphery of the flexible draw band (21) which is wound onto the drive shaft (19), or onto the drive reel (22) concentrically mounted thereon wherein the clutch (20) can be engaged by the pressure generated by the triggering of the pressure source (16), and in that the additional drive (15) is separated from the pressure source by a valve arrangement (59, 64,

     65) until the clutch (20) has engaged.

20. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 19, characterised in that the clutch (20) has a slider (48) which is displaceable by the pressure of the pressure source and which brings about the engagement of the clutch (20) on displacement by the pressure of the pressure source.

21. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 20, characterised in that the slider (48) only controls the engagement of the clutch (20) but that the engagement force is supplied by a separate power source (44).

22. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 19, characterised in that the clutch (20) has a first clutch part which is rotationally fixedly connected to the additional drive (15) or to the torque generating device (18), and a second clutch part which is rotationally fixedly connected to the belt winding reel (12) and is formed by the one guide disk (47) at the end face of the belt winding reel (12).

23. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 22, characterised in that the first coupling part (44) is at least partially axially displaceable in order to be able to engage with the counter-disk (47);

and in that the first clutch part (44) can be brought into engagement with the second clutch part (47) by a spring force but is held against the spring force until triggered.

24. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 23, characterised in that the first clutch part is a clutch disk (44) which is biased by a spring force towards the counter-disk (47);

and in that the clutch disk (44) is held at its outer periphery by a bayonet closure connection (50,

     57) in a disengaged position against spring force; and

in that the bayonet closure (50,

     57) is releasable by relative rotation of the clutch housing (58) and of the clutch disk (44).

25. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 24, characterised in that the clutch disk (44) is itself of resilient design and consists in particular of spring steel sheet and is stressed in the normal state between its center and its outer periphery to an essentially conical shape so that the clutch (20) is disengaged and in that, on cancellation of the stressing through release by rotation of the bayonet closure (50, 57), the clutch disk (44) is deformed as a result of its inherent spring force to its normal position, which is planar and thereby enables the engagement of the clutch 20.

26. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 24, characterised in that the clutch disk (44) has engagement cut-outs (45) in the outer region with which axially projecting noses (46) arranged on the counter-disk (47) are associated.

27. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 24, characterised in that a peripheral clearance is present between the drive shaft (19), or the drive reel (22), and the clutch disk (44), such that, on rotation of the clutch disk (44) contrary to the belt retraction direction, the bayonet closure (50, 57) is first opened and then a further rotation of the clutch disk (44) is possible until the engagement cut-outs (45) snap over the engagement noses (46), in so far as this alignment was not already present on opening of the bayonet closure (50, 57).

28. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 20, characterised in that the valve arrangement is formed by the slider (48) and a valve wall (59) on the slider (48) and also by the inlet opening (68) of a pressure channel (61) leading to the pressure space (17).

29. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 28, characterised in that the valve wall (59) can be broken away from or pivoted away from the slider (48) by the pressure of the pressure source (16) as soon as the clutch (20) is engaged, and the valve wall (59) is displaced to the inlet opening (68) of the pressure channel.

30. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 20, characterised in that the slider (48) is tangentially displaceably journalled in a displacement recess (49) which extends substantially tangentially to the clutch disk (44).

31. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 20, characterised in that the slider has a piston region (48'"'"') acted on by the pressure of the pressure source (16) and a preferably thinner actuating rod (48") at the side remote from the pressure actuation, with the actuating rod (48") cooperating via an abutment (62) which projects sideways on it with a counter-abutment (63) provided at the periphery of the clutch disk (44) in such a way that on advance of the actuating rod (48'"'"') in the event of pressure loading of the piston region (48'"'"') the clutch disk (44) is turned through an angle such that it is rotated out of the engaged blocking position into a position in which the spring force can bring the clutch disk (44) into engagement with the counter-disk, including the guide disk (47) of the belt winding reel (12).

32. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 31, characterised in that, in a first stage of the rotary movement of the clutch disk (44) brought about by the slider (48) the holding noses (50) at the periphery of the clutch disk (44) release from the counter-noses (57) at the clutch housing (58) and, in a second stage of the rotary movement--in so far as the engagement noses (46) have, in the first stage, not yet entered into engagement with the engagement cut-outs (45)--the clutch disk is turned further by the advanced slider (48) until the engagement cut-outs (45) of the clutch disk (44) have come axially into alignment with the engagement noses (46) of the counter-disk (47), whereupon the resilient clutch disk snaps over the engagement noses (46).

33. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 32, characterised in that when triggered, the slider (48) engages via the abutments (62, 63) with the clutch disk (44) until the bayonet closure (50, 57) has opened and the engagement recesses (45) and the engagement noses (46) have come into axial alignment;

and in that, when this has taken place, the drive engagement between the slider (48) and the clutch disk (44) is cancelled.

34. Belt tensioner in accordance with claim 31, characterised in that the rotary movement of the clutch disk (44) provided for the engagement of the clutch is opposite to the rotation produced by the torque generating device;

and in that a peripheral clearance is present between the drive shaft (19), or the drive reel (22), and the clutch disk (44) which are rotationally fixedly coupled on being energised by the torque generating device (18), with the peripheral clearance permitting rotation of the clutch disk (44) contrary to the direction of rotation of the torque generating device (18) such that the retaining noses (50) of the clutch disk (44) come out of engagement with the counter-noses (57) at the housing and thereafter, through further rotation of the engagement cut-outs (45) of the clutch disk (44) snap over the engagement noses (46) of the end guide disk (47) of the belt winding reel (12).