Encodable tag with radio frequency readout

• US 5,554,974 A
• Filed: 11/23/1994
• Issued: 09/10/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 11/23/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intermec IP Corporation (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Moskowitz, Paul A., Gambino, Richard J., Chaudhari, Praveen, Brady, Michael J., Heinrich, Harley K., von Gutfeld, Robert J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hofsass, Jeffery
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lee, Benjamin C.
• Application Number:
  US08/344,808
• Time in Patent Office: 657 Days
• Field of Search: 340/572, 340/551, 340/571, 324/300, 324/308, 128/653.1, 128/653.2, 128/653.4, 428/611, 428/615, 156/278, 156/279
• US Class Current: 340/572.6
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06187 with magnetically detectable marking
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/067 Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2408 using ferromagnetic tags
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2417 having a radio frequency identification chip
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2437 Tag layered structure, processes for making layered tags
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2442 Tag materials and material properties thereof, e.g. magnetic material details
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/12465 having magnetic properties, or preformed fiber orientation coordinate with shape
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/12493 Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]

Abstract

A programmable tag for being readable remotely and in a manner which does not require that the tag be held in a particular orientation, includes a first layer of material with electron spin resonance absorption, a second layer of hard magnetic material, and a third layer of soft permeable magnetic material. The second layer and third layer are in close proximity to the first layer. The second layer and the third layer impose a magnetic bias field on the first layer.

Claims

1. A programmable tag, comprising:

a first layer of magnetic material,

a second layer of magnetic material, and

a layer of resonant material, said resonant material having an electron spin resonance absorption characteristic, wherein one of said first layer and said second layer comprises a hard magnetic material and the other of said first layer and said second layer comprises a soft magnetic material,

said first layer and said second layer being in close proximity to said layer of resonant material, and said first layer and said second layer imposing a magnetic bias field on said layer of resonant material, said magnetic bias field being selectively altered to thereby program said tag,

wherein said soft magnetic layer provides an alterable magnetic shunt for personalizing said bias field applied thereto at individual portions of said layer of resonant material.

2. A programmable tag according to claim 1, wherein said layer of resonant material includes 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate.

3. A programmable tag according to claim 1, wherein said hard magnetic layer comprises one of Co-Pt-Ta and Fe-Zr-RE, where RE is a non-s-state rare earth element including one of Tb, Dy, Ho and Er.

4. A programmable tag according to claim 1, wherein said soft magnetic layer comprises one of an alloy of Ni-Co-B-Si and Co-Zr.

5. A programmable tag according to claim 1, wherein said magnetic bias field imposed on said layer of resonant material is substantially uniform within the volume of said layer of resonant material and the strength of said magnetic bias field is selectively altered, thereby to program said tag.

6. A programmable tag according to claim 1, wherein portions of said layer of resonant material have different magnetic bias fields.

8. A programmable multibit tag comprising a plurality of claim 1, 6 or 7 tags wherein each of said tags has a selected bias field.

9. A method of reading an encoded tag, said encoded tag comprising one or more claim 1, 6, or 7 tags, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a radio frequency (RF) field around said encoded tag; and

measuring an absorption of said RF field while simultaneously exposing said encoded tag to a time varying magnetic field.

10. A personalized multibit tag comprising a plurality of claim 1, 6 or 7 tags, wherein each of said tags is vertically stacked and each tag has a distinct code.

12. A programmable multibit tag comprising the tag of claim 1, 6 or 7 wherein said programmable multibit tag is subdivided into two or more regions having a boundary between regions,

wherein altered regions are substantially non-magnetic and the unaltered regions are magnetic, and each region has a selected bias field.

13. The tag of claim 12 wherein said boundary comprises unaltered material of said tag.

14. The tag of claim 12 wherein said boundary comprises altered material of said tag.

15. The tag of claim 12 wherein said boundary is formed by the side by side stacking of individual said claims 1, 6 or 7 tags and said boundary comprises the edges of adjacent said individual tags.

16. A system for reading a programmable tag, said programmable tag including one or more claim 1, 6, or 7 tags, said system comprising:

means for providing a radio frequency (RF) field around said programmable tag;

means for providing a time varying magnetic field; and

means for measuring an absorption of said RF field around said programmable tag while simultaneously exposing said programmable tag to said time varying magnetic field.

17. A system according to claim 16, further comprising an electronic device for receiving an output from said means for measuring and for decoding said output in terms of voltage changes as a function of said time varying magnetic field to establish a code for comparison with a predetermined code,

wherein said means for providing said time varying magnetic field includes at least one of a coil carrying an alternating current (AC) and a direct current magnet.

7. A programmable tag, comprising:

a first layer of magnetic material,

a second layer of magnetic material,

a layer of resonant material, said resonant material having an electron spin resonance absorption characteristic, wherein one of said first layer and said second layer comprises a hard magnetic material and the other of said first layer and said second layer comprises a soft magnetic material,

said first layer and said second layer being in close proximity to said layer of resonant material, and said first layer and said second layer imposing a magnetic bias field on said layer of resonant material, said magnetic bias field being selectively altered to thereby program said tag, and

further comprising a thermal barrier layer formed between said layer of soft magnetic material and the immediately adjacent layer or layers.

wherein said soft magnetic layer provides an alterable magnetic shunt for personalizing said bias field applied thereto at individual portions of said layer of resonant material.

11. A programmable tag according to claim 7, wherein said thermal barrier layer is formed of one of Ge, a polymeric material, a polyester, Al₂ O₃ or amorphous silicon.

18. A programmable tag, comprising:

a first layer of magnetic material,

a second layer of magnetic material, and

a layer of resonant material, said resonant material having an electron spin resonance absorption characteristic, wherein one of said first layer and said second layer comprises a hard magnetic material and the other of said first layer and said second layer comprises a soft magnetic material,

said first layer and said second layer being in close proximity to said layer of resonant material, and said first layer and said second layer imposing a magnetic bias field on said layer of resonant material, said magnetic bias field being selectively altered to thereby program said tag,

wherein said soft magnetic layer provides an alterable magnetic shunt for selectively shunting a portion of said magnetic bias field to achieve personalization of said bias field applied thereto at individual portions of said layer of resonant material.

19. A programmable tag, comprising:

a first layer of magnetic material,

a second layer of magnetic material, and

a layer of resonant material, said resonant material having an electron spin resonance absorption characteristic, wherein one of said first layer and said second layer comprises a hard magnetic material and the other of said first layer and said second layer comprises a soft magnetic material,

said first layer and said second layer being in close proximity to said layer of resonant material, and said first layer and said second layer imposing a magnetic bias field on said layer of resonant material, said magnetic bias field being selectively altered to thereby program said tag,

wherein said soft magnetic layer has a fixed, predetermined thickness, and a plurality of non-magnetic breaks therein for selectively modifying the permeability of said soft magnetic layer, said non-magnetic breaks selectively increasing the flux carrying capacity of said soft magnetic layer.

20. A method of constructing an encodable tag, said method comprising steps of:

dissolving 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) in a solvent;

coating a nonmagnetic substrate on a first side with dissolved DPPH;

depositing a hard magnetic bias layer having square loop properties on a second side of said nonmagnetic substrate having said dissolved DPPH;

depositing a nonmagnetic layer over said hard magnetic bias layer; and

coating said nonmagnetic layer with a soft magnetic material to form said encodable tag.

21. A method as in claim 20, wherein said hard magnetic layer is selected from a group consisting of Co-Pt-Ta and Fe-Zr-RE, where RE comprises a non-s-state rare earth element.

22. A method as in claim 20, wherein said soft magnetic material is selected from a group consisting of Ni-Co-B-Si and Co-Zr.

23. A method according to claim 20, wherein said nonmagnetic substrate comprises at least one of Ge, a polymeric material, a polyester, Al₂ O₃ or amorphous silicon.