Method of producing solid parts using two distinct classes of materials

• US 5,555,481 A
• Filed: 08/01/1995
• Issued: 09/10/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 11/15/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• Original Assignee: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• Inventors: Rock, Stephen J., Gilman, Charles R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Jordan, Charles T.
• Assistant Examiner(s): JENKINS, DANIEL J
• Application Number:
  US08/509,730
• Time in Patent Office: 406 Days
• Field of Search: 419/30, 419/45, 419/56, 29/426.1, 29/239
• US Class Current: 419/30
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/16 by embedding the binder within the powder bed
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/62 by chemical means
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/66 by mechanical means
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/80 Data acquisition or data processing
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/55 Two or more means for feeding material
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/60 Planarisation devices; Compression devices
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 5/10 of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 43/14 in several steps
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/40 Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/251 Particles, powder or granules expandable particles B29K2105/046
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/25 Process efficiency
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49815 Disassembling
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/53683 Spreading parts apart or separating them from face to face engagement

Abstract

A method of producing parts from two distinct classes of materials utilizes depositing a first class material and a second class material on a deposition surface where the first class material forms a three-dimensional shape defined by the interface of the first class material and the second class material. The first class material is unified and the second class material is removed therefrom to form a three-dimensional part of the first class material. Preferably, the first and second class materials are deposited in layers.

Claims

1. A method of producing parts comprising:

depositing a first class material and a second class material in multiple layers, wherein each layer of said multiple layers comprises the first class material and the second class material, and wherein the first class material forms a three dimensional shape defined by the interface of said first class material and said second class material;

compacting the deposited first class and second class material by exerting an external force thereto;

unifying the first class material after the steps of depositing and compacting all layers of said multiple layers; and

removing the second class material from a three dimensional part formed of the first class material.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein each layer of first class material and second class material deposited is separately compacted by exerting on external force.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising collectively compacting successive layers of first class material and second class material deposited by exerting on external force.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein a computer determines the thickness of the layers of the first class material and second class material deposited.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein said computer controls the location on a surface where the first class material and second class material are deposited for each layer.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the first class material and second class material are deposited using a deposition effector, wherein said deposition effector is capable of traversing arbitrary paths above said deposition surface to selectively deposit first class material and second class material at various locations on said deposition surface.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said deposition effector being controlled by said computer is capable of depositing said first class and second class material at discrete point locations and along curved paths.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the unified first class material comprises a spatially controlled material composition comprising one or more distinct types of materials.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein said first class material is deposited in continuously varying concentrations of said distinct materials in three-dimensional part space to form a spatially controlled material composition part.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein said first class material is deposited at discrete locations in three-dimensional part space to form a spatially controlled material composition part.

11. The method of claim 8 wherein said spatially controlled material composition parts are produced in layers.

12. The method of claim 1 comprising:

(a) depositing an initial layer of second class material capable of acting as a buffer of non-unifying material between a first surface and a first class powder material;

(b) compacting the second class powdered material to a prescribed compaction pressure or volume by exerting an external force;

(c) depositing a layer of selectively placed powdered materials comprising first class material and second class material wherein the first class material deposited corresponds to a region of a part cross section;

(d) compacting the layer of selectively placed powdered materials by exerting an external force;

(e) repeating steps (c)-(d) to form a series of layers of deposited material;

(f) compacting the layers of deposited material formed in steps (a)-(e) at one or more preselected compaction pressures or volumes by exerting an external force; and

(g) unifying the first class material and removing the compacted layers of second class material.

13. The method of claim 1 or 12 wherein unifying includes exposing the layers of materials to an elevated temperature.

14. The method of claim 1 or 12 wherein unifying includes exposing the layers of material to an elevated pressure.

15. The method of claim 1 or 12 wherein unifying is performed by an environment which selectively chemically activates the layered material to affect unification.

16. The method of claim 1 or 12 wherein the first class material is unified while leaving the second class material separate.

17. The method of claims 1 or 12 wherein the second class material is unified into a separate mass from the first class material which can be removed to form a solid part.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the second class material is capable of being removed by mechanical means.

19. The method of claim 17 wherein the second class material is capable of being removed by chemical means without affecting the first class material.

20. The method of claim 1 wherein the first class material and second class material are compacted by a compacting system comprising:

a die having a cavity therein;

a first punch having said deposition surface engaged thereto, said first punch being vertically translatable within said cavity, thereby moving the vertical position of said deposition surface within said cavity;

means for moving a deposition effector at various locations above a deposition surface to allow said deposition effector to deposit said materials at preselected positions on said deposition surface; and

a second punch being vertically translatable and having a contact surface capable of contacting materials deposited on said deposition surface.