Heating vessel with chromium-enriched stainless steel substrate promoting adherence of thin film heater thereon
First Claim
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1. A heating apparatus comprising a vessel defining a chamber for heating a fluid and having a heater portion, said heater portion comprising:
- a chromium containing stainless steel substrate having a coefficient of thermal expansion and an oxidized surface layer comprising chromium oxide, said surface layer having been formed by heating said stainless steel substrate to oxidize chromium present in said substrate;
a dielectric layer applied to and adhered to said surface layer and having a coefficient of thermal expansion which approximately equals that of the stainless steel substrate; and
a thick film conductive printed circuit electric heating element formed on said dielectric layer.
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Abstract
A kettle which includes a vessel that provides a chamber for holding water, a pouring spout for dispensing water from the chamber, and a handle for lifting and tilting the vessel during pouring, also includes an electric heating element in the form of a conductive track of a thick film printed circuit on a metal substrate that forms a heated portion of the vessel, the electric heating element being located externally of the chamber.
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Citations
18 Claims
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1. A heating apparatus comprising a vessel defining a chamber for heating a fluid and having a heater portion, said heater portion comprising:
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a chromium containing stainless steel substrate having a coefficient of thermal expansion and an oxidized surface layer comprising chromium oxide, said surface layer having been formed by heating said stainless steel substrate to oxidize chromium present in said substrate; a dielectric layer applied to and adhered to said surface layer and having a coefficient of thermal expansion which approximately equals that of the stainless steel substrate; and a thick film conductive printed circuit electric heating element formed on said dielectric layer. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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Specification