Feedback loop closure in a linear transmitter

• US 5,559,468 A
• Filed: 06/28/1993
• Issued: 09/24/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 06/28/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Motorola Solutions, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Chapman, Ronald H., Gailus, Paul H., Wilhite, Jeffrey B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Mottola, Steven
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, TIEP HUU
• Application Number:
  US08/084,661
• Time in Patent Office: 1,184 Days
• Field of Search: 330/85, 330/96, 330/99, 330/110, 330/129, 330/149, 455/126
• US Class Current: 330/110
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 27/00 Generation of oscillations providing a plurality of outputs of the same frequency but differing in phase, other than merely two anti-phase outputs
• CPC Class Codes: H03C 3/406 using a feedback loop containing mixers or demodulators
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/168 using a feedback loop containing mixers or demodulators
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/34 Negative-feedback-circuit arrangements with or without positive feedback H03F1/02 - H03F1/30, H03F1/38 - H03F1/50, H03F3/50 take precedence ; for rejection of common mode signals H03F3/45479
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/57 Separate feedback of real and complex signals being present

Abstract

A linear amplifier (103) has a negative feedback loop that has a closed loop gain and a forward path gain. The negative feedback loop is closed, such that quick changes in the closed loop gain are prevented, thereby reducing splatter. When the negative feedback loop is opened, quick changes in the closed loop gain are also prevented, thereby reducing splatter.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

a linear amplifier having a negative feedback loop that has a closed loop gain and a forward path gain; and

means for closing the negative feedback loop, wherein the means for closing prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain, thereby reducing splatter, wherein the means for closing comprises a secondary feedback loop.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the secondary feedback loop is opening while the negative feedback loop is closing, and the secondary feedback loop is open while the negative feedback loop is closed.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the linear amplifier further comprises subsequent stages, and wherein the secondary feedback loop stabilizes operation of the subsequent stages in the linear amplifier when the linear amplifier is operating in an open loop condition.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the secondary feedback loop has a secondary path gain, and wherein as the forward path gain increases, the secondary path gain decreases.

5. An apparatus comprising:

a linear amplifier having a negative feedback loop that has a closed loop gain and a forward path gain; and

means for closing the negative feedback loop, wherein the means for closing prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain, thereby reducing splatter, wherein the means for closing prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain by adjusting the forward path gain according to

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">GA.sub.2 K.sub.1 (exp[A.sub.1 t/C]-1),

where

G is a constant;

A₂ is a first transconductance gain;

K₁ is current/A₁ ;

A₁ is a second transconductance gain;

t represents time;

C is capacitance.

6. An apparatus comprising:

a linear amplifier having a negative feedback loop that has a closed loop gain and a forward path gain; and

means for closing the negative feedback loop, wherein the means for closing prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain, thereby reducing splatter, wherein the means for closing prevents quick changes in the closed-loop gain by detecting splatter and allowing the forward path gain to increase at as fast a rate possible while maintaining a reduced level of detected splatter.

7. An apparatus comprising:

a linear amplifier having a negative feedback loop that has a closed loop gain and a forward path gain; and

means for opening the negative feedback loop, wherein the means for opening prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain, thereby reducing splatter, wherein the means for opening comprises a secondary feedback loop.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the secondary feedback loop is closing while the negative feedback loop is opening, and the secondary feedback loop is closed while the negative feedback loop is open.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the linear amplifier further comprises subsequent stages, and wherein the secondary feedback loop stabilizes operation of the subsequent stages in the linear amplifier when the linear amplifier is operating in an open loop condition.

10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the secondary feedback loop has a secondary path gain, and wherein as the forward path gain decreases, the secondary path gain increases.

11. An apparatus comprising:

a linear amplifier having a negative feedback loop that has a closed loop gain and a forward path gain; and

means for opening the negative feedback loop, wherein the means for opening prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain, thereby reducing splatter, wherein the means for opening prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain by adjusting the forward path gain according to

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">GA.sub.2 K.sub.2 exp[-A.sub.1 (t-t.sub.d)/C],

where

G is a constant;

A₂ is a first transconductance gain;

K₂ is a voltage at time t_d ;

A₁ is a second transconductance gain;

t represents time;

t_d represents a time when the negative feedback loop is opened;

C is capacitance.

12. An apparatus comprising:

a linear amplifier having a negative feedback loop that has a closed loop gain and a forward path gain; and

means for opening the negative feedback loop, wherein the means for opening prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain, thereby reducing splatter, wherein the means for opening prevents quick changes in the closed-loop gain by detecting splatter and allowing the forward path gain to decrease at as fast a rate possible while maintaining a reduced level of detected splatter.

13. A communication unit comprising:

a transmitter, comprising;

a linear amplifier having a negative feedback loop that has a closed loop gain and a forward path gain;

means for opening and closing the negative feedback loop, wherein the means for opening and closing prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain, thereby reducing splatter, wherein the means for opening and closing comprises a secondary feedback loop.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the secondary feedback loop is opening while the negative feedback loop is closing, and the secondary feedback loop is open while the negative feedback loop is closed and the secondary feedback loop is closing while the negative feedback loop is opening, and the secondary feedback loop is closed while the negative feedback loop is open.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the linear amplifier further comprises subsequent stages, and wherein the secondary feedback loop stabilizes operation of the subsequent stages in the linear amplifier when the linear amplifier is operating in an open loop condition.

16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the secondary feedback loop has a secondary path gain, and wherein as the forward path gain increases, the secondary path gain decreases, and wherein as the forward path gain decreases, the secondary path gain increases.

17. A communication unit comprising;

a transmitter, comprising;

a linear amplifier having a negative feedback loop that has a closed loop gain and a forward path gain;

means for opening and closing the negative feedback loop, wherein the means for opening and closing prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain, thereby reducing splatter, wherein the means for opening and closing prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain by adjusting the forward path gain according to

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">GA.sub.2 K.sub.1 (exp[A.sub.1 t/C]-1),

where

G is a constant;

A₂ is a first transconductance gain;

K₁ is current/A₁ ;

A₁ is a second transconductance gain;

t represents time;

C is capacitance.

18. A communication unit comprising:

a transmitter, comprising;

a linear amplifier having a negative feedback loop that has a closed loop gain and a forward path gain;

means for opening and closing the negative feedback loop, wherein the means for opening and closing prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain, thereby reducing splatter, wherein the means for opening and closing prevents quick changes in the closed-loop gain by detecting splatter and allowing the forward path gain to increase at as fast a rate possible while maintaining a reduced level of detected splatter.

19. A communication unit comprising:

a transmitter, comprising;

a linear amplifier having a negative feedback loop that has a closed loop gain and a forward path gain;

means for opening and closing the negative feedback loop, wherein the means for opening and closing prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain, thereby reducing splatter, wherein the means for opening and closing prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain by adjusting the forward path gain according to

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">GA.sub.2 K.sub.2 exp[-A.sub.1 (t-t.sub.d)/C],

where

G is a constant;

A₂ is a first transconductance gain;

K₂ is a voltage at time t_d ;

A₁ is a second transconductance gain;

t represents time;

t_d represents a time when the negative feedback loop is opened;

C is capacitance.

20. A communication unit comprising:

a transmitter, comprising;

a linear amplifier having a negative feedback loop that has a closed loop gain and a forward path gain;

means for opening and closing the negative feedback loop, wherein the means for opening and closing prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain, thereby reducing splatter, wherein the means for opening and closing prevents quick changes in the closed-loop gain by detecting splatter and allowing the forward path gain to decrease at as fast a rate possible while maintaining a reduced level of detected splatter.

21. An apparatus comprising:

a linear amplifier having a negative feedback loop that has a closed loop gain and a forward path gain; and

means for closing the negative feedback loop, wherein the means for closing prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain, thereby reducing splatter, and wherein the means for closing prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain by adjusting the forward path gain as a positive exponential equation as time increases.

22. An apparatus comprising:

a linear amplifier having a negative feedback loop that has a closed loop gain and a forward path gain; and

means for opening the negative feedback loop, wherein the means for opening prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain, thereby reducing splatter, and wherein the means for opening prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain by adjusting the forward path gain as a negative exponential equation as time increases.

23. An apparatus comprising:

a first amplifier having a signal input, a control input, and an output;

a second amplifier having a positive input, a negative input, and an output, wherein the positive input of the second amplifier is coupled to the output of the first amplifier; and

a gain ramp having an input coupled to the output of the second amplifier, having a first output coupled to the negative input of the second amplifier, and having a second output coupled to the control input of the first amplifier.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein a feedback loop is provided between the output of the second amplifier and the negative input of the second amplifier, and wherein the gain ramp further comprises an upramp for closing the feedback loop, wherein the upramp prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain, thereby reducing splatter.

25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein a feedback loop is provided between the output of the second amplifier and the negative input of the second amplifier, and wherein the gain ramp further comprises a downramp for opening the feedback loop, wherein the downramp prevents quick changes in the closed loop gain, thereby reducing splatter.

26. An apparatus comprising:

a first amplifier having a signal input, a control input, and an output;

a second amplifier having a positive input, a negative input, and an output, wherein the positive input of the second amplifier is coupled to the output of the first amplifier; and

a gain ramp having an input coupled to the output of the second amplifier, having a first output coupled to the negative input of the second amplifier, and having a second output coupled to the control input of the first amplifier, wherein the gain ramp comprises;

a feedback amplifier having an input, which is the input of the gain ramp, having an output, which is the first output of the gain ramp, having a first control input, which is coupled to ground potential, and having a second control input;

a fourth amplifier having a first output, which is the second output of the gain ramp, having a second output, which is coupled to ground potential, and having a positive input and a negative input;

a capacitor having a first end coupled to the positive input of the fourth amplifier and the second control input of the feedback amplifier; and

having a second end coupled to the negative input of the fourth amplifier and ground potential;

a fifth amplifier having a positive input, which is coupled to the first end of the capacitor;

having a negative input, which is coupled to ground potential; and

having a first output and a second output;

a constant current source, having an output coupled to the second output of the fifth amplifier and having an input coupled to the first output input of the fifth amplifier; and

a switch, coupled to the first end of the capacitor, ground potential, the input of the constant current source, and the output of the constant current source, such that when the switch is in a first position, the output of the constant current source is coupled to the second control input of the feedback amplifier and the input of the constant current source is coupled to ground potential; and

when the switch is in a second position, the output of the constant current source is coupled to ground potential and the input of the constant current source is coupled to the second control input of the feedback amplifier.