Amplifier and biasing circuit therefor

• US 5,559,471 A
• Filed: 12/21/1994
• Issued: 09/24/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 12/21/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Google Technology Holdings LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Black, Gregory R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Mullins, James B.
• Application Number:
  US08/361,927
• Time in Patent Office: 643 Days
• Field of Search: 330/136, 330/277, 330/279, 330/285, 330/296, 455/127
• US Class Current: 330/277
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0222 by using a signal derived from the input signal
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0227 using supply converters
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/30 Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of variations of temperature or supply voltage or other physical parameters in differential amplifiers H03F3/45479
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/52 Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers monitoring arrangements G01R31/28; increasing reliability in communication systems, e.g. using redundancy H04B1/74
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/211 the input of an amplifier can be attenuated by a continuously controlled transistor attenuator
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/3042 in modulators, frequency-changers, transmitters or power amplifiers transmission power control in bidirectional transmission systems H04W52/04

Abstract

An amplifier contains an RF generated negative supply wherein the RF input of the negative generator is connected to the RF input of a first power amplifier stage. This arrangement allows the power supplies to be turned-on in the correct order, thus, avoiding any damage to the transistors or power supply. After the RF input turns on and the RF generated negative supply turns on, the power amplifier transistors are biased such that no current will flow from the drain to the grounded source. The power amplifier also features the ability to adjust the biasing voltage by increasing Vcontrol so that the bias current from the main supply can be controlled. Since the output power of the amplifier is monotonic with biasing current over the useful range of gate voltages, the output power can thereby be controlled by adjusting the control voltage. Additionally, the negative biasing voltage can be increased to the point where bias current from the main supply is at the correct level to achieve the desired output power. Depending on the required output power control range, it may be necessary to use a voltage controllable attenuator, VCA, to simultaneously adjust the RF level into the amplifier while adjusting the biasing voltage.

Claims

1. A power amplifier for amplifying a radio frequency (RF) signal, the power amplifier having a RF input signal and a RF output signal, the power amplifier comprising:

an amplifier stage having a gate threshold voltage, a drain port, a gate port and a source port, the source port is connected to an electrical ground, the gate port is coupled to receive the RF input signal, the drain port is coupled to provide the RF output signal;

a main power supply coupled to the drain port of the amplifier stage;

a biasing power supply circuit coupled to receive the RF input signal, the RF input signal being the power supply for the biasing power supply circuit, the biasing power supply circuit to generate a RF generated negative biasing voltage and to supply the RF generated negative biasing voltage to the amplifier stage; and

a gate threshold tracking circuit coupled to the gate port of the amplifier stage to track the RF generated negative biasing voltage.

2. The power amplifier in accordance with claim 1, wherein the gate threshold tracking circuit provides for external control of the RF generated negative biasing voltage.

3. The power amplifier in accordance with claim 1 wherein a voltage controlled attenuator is coupled between the RF input signal and the gate port of the amplifier stage.

4. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein the biasing power supply circuit comprises a rectifier to rectify the RF input signal into the RF generated negative biasing voltage.

5. The apparatus in accordance with claim 4 wherein the biasing power supply circuit further comprises a termination switch coupled to the rectifier to prevent the rectifier from generating the RF generated negative biasing voltage responsive to increases in magnitude the RF input signal beyond a predetermined level.

6. The apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein the gate threshold tracking circuit comprises a resistor network coupled between the biasing power supply circuit and gate port of the amplifier stage, the resistor network setting the gate threshold voltage of the amplifier stage.

7. A radiotelephone comprising:

a transmitter comprising;

a power amplifier for amplifying a radio frequency (RF) signal, the power amplifier having a RF input signal and a RF output signal, the power amplifier comprising;

an amplifier stage having a gate threshold voltage, a drain port, a gate port and a source port, the source port is connected to an electrical ground, the gate port is coupled to receive the RF input signal, the drain port is coupled to provide the RF output signal;

a main power supply coupled to the drain port of the amplifier stage, the main power supply being the power supply for the amplifier stage;

a biasing supply circuit being powered by a power supply and having an input port and an output port, the input port coupled to receive the RF input signal, the output port coupled to the gate port of the amplifier stage, the RF input signal being the power supply for the biasing supply circuit, the biasing supply circuit to generate a RF generated negative biasing voltage at the output port, the RF generated negative biasing voltage tracking the gate threshold voltage of the amplifier stage.

8. The radiotelephone in accordance with claim 7, wherein the biasing supply circuit provides for external control of the RF generated negative biasing voltage.

9. The radiotelephone in accordance with claim 7 wherein a voltage controlled attenuator is coupled between the RF input signal and the gate port of the amplifier stage.

10. An apparatus for amplifying a radio frequency (RF) input signal and generating a RF output signal, the apparatus comprising:

a first power amplifier stage having a gate threshold voltage, a drain port, a gate port, a source port and a bias current, the source port is connected to an electrical ground, the gate port is coupled to receive the RF input signal, the drain port is coupled to provide the RF output signal;

a main power supply coupled to the drain port of the first power amplifier stage;

a biasing supply circuit coupled to the first power amplifier stage to generate a bias supply signal, the bias supply signal controlling the bias current of the first power amplifier stage, the biasing supply circuit comprising;

a rectifier having a RF input port, a positive rectified output port and a negative rectified output port, the negative rectified output port is coupled to the gate port of the first power amplifier stage;

a resistor network having a first resistor and a second resistor, a first end of the first resistor coupled to the negative rectified output port, a second end of the first resistor coupled to a first end of the second resistor; and

a transistor having a source port, a drain port and a gate port, the source port connected to a second end of the second resistor, the drain port coupled to the positive rectified output port and the gate port connected to the second end of the first resistor and the first end of the second resistor.

11. The apparatus in accordance with claim 10 wherein the biasing supply circuit further comprises a control voltage input, the control voltage input is coupled to the second end of the second resistor and the source port of the transistor.

12. The apparatus in accordance with claim 10 wherein the rectifier further comprises a first filtering capacitor coupled between the positive rectified output port and the electrical ground and a second filtering capacitor coupled between the negative rectified output port and the electrical ground.

13. The apparatus in accordance with claim 10 wherein the rectifier further comprises:

a first voltage generating element having a first end and a second end, the first end coupled to receive the RF input signal, the second end coupled to the positive rectified output port; and

a second voltage generating element having a third end and a fourth end, the third end coupled to receive the RF input signal and the fourth end coupled to the negative rectified output port.

14. The apparatus in accordance with claim 10 wherein the rectifier further comprises:

a first diode having a first cathode and a first anode, the first anode coupled to receive the RF input signal, the first cathode coupled to the positive rectified output port; and

a second diode having a second cathode and a second anode, the second cathode coupled to receive the RF input signal and the second anode coupled to the negative rectified output port.

15. The apparatus in accordance with claim 10 further comprising:

a second power amplifier stage having a gate threshold voltage, a drain port, a gate port and a source port, the source port of the second power amplifier stage is connected to the electrical ground, the gate port of the second power amplifier stage is coupled to the drain port of the first power amplifier stage, the drain port of the second power amplifier stage is coupled to provide the RF output signal; and

the resistor network further comprises a third resistor, a first end of the third resistor is coupled to the negative rectified output port and the gate port of the second power amplifier stage, a second end of the third resistor coupled to the first end of the first resistor and the gate port of the first power amplifier stage.