Battery cycle life improvements through bifurcated recharge method

• US 5,561,360 A
• Filed: 05/02/1994
• Issued: 10/01/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 05/02/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: General Motors Corporation (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: General Motors Corporation (General Motors Company)
• Inventors: Crouch, Dell A. Jr., Ayres, John L., Bendert, Richard M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): TSO, EDWARD H
• Application Number:
  US08/236,052
• Time in Patent Office: 883 Days
• Field of Search: 320/5, 320/20, 320/21, 320/22, 320/30, 320/4, 320/23, 320/43, 320/46, 320/48, 320/14
• US Class Current: 320/129
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00711 with introduction of pulses during the charging process
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A two part battery recharge method first introduces stepped charge current to the battery to restore a majority of energy to a deeply discharged battery. Thereafter, relatively low frequency periodic charge currents and discharge currents interspersed with relaxation periods are introduced to the battery to effectuate efficient energy restoral and increased cycle life of the battery.

Claims

1. A method of extending the cycle life of deeply discharged gas recombinant lead acid electrolyte batteries by using a bifurcated recharge regime to improve charge acceptance of the battery, said method comprising:

a current step sequence of

(a) providing a predetermined step charge current to the battery for a duration terminated by a predetermined step terminating event indicative of a significant reduction in charge acceptance at the predetermined step charge current;

(b) upon detection of said step terminating event, repeating step (a) after reducing the predetermined step charge current;

(c) repeating steps (a) and (b) a predetermined number of times and thereafter;

a pulse charge/discharge sequence of

(d) providing a predetermined pulse charge current to the battery for a predetermined pulse charge time;

(e) allowing the battery to relax for a predetermined relax time sufficient to homogenize the electrolyte;

(f) discharging the battery at a predetermined discharge current for a predetermined discharge time sufficient to remove a surface charge from a plurality of battery plates; and

,

(g) repeating steps (d) through (f) for a duration terminated in accordance with a predetermined pulse charge/discharge sequence terminating event.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said predetermined step terminating event comprises a terminal voltage of said battery exceeding a predetermined voltage lid.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said predetermined step terminating event comprises the battery evolving gas in excess of a predetermined rate.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein an initial step charge current comprises a predetermined fraction of a nominal one-hour discharge rating of the battery.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein each step charge current subsequent an initial step charge current comprises a predetermined fraction of an immediately previous step charge current.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising the steps in the pulse charge/discharge sequence of:

determining a charge removed from the battery prior to the recharge;

determining a charge restored to the battery during the recharge; and

wherein said predetermined pulse charge/discharge terminating event comprises the determined charge restored exceeding the determined charge removed by a predetermined amount.

7. A method of extending the cycle life of deeply discharged gas recombinant lead acid electrolyte batteries by using a bifurcated recharge regime to improve charge acceptance of the battery, said method comprising:

providing a series of monotonically diminishing discrete charge currents to the battery, each discrete charge current being applied for a duration terminated by an event indicative of a substantial reduction in a portion of said discrete charge current contributing to material conversion at a battery electrode, and thereafter;

providing a series of alternating charge currents and discharge currents interposed with relaxation period, said charge currents being characterized by a duration empirically determined to convert material at a remote surface of a battery electrode, said relaxation period being characterized by a duration empirically determined to allow homogenization of the electrolyte, said discharge currents being characterized by a duration empirically determined to remove a surface charge and a charge gradient from a battery electrode.

8. A method of extending the cycle life of deeply discharged gas recombinant lead acid electrolyte batteries by using a bifurcated recharge regime to improve charge acceptance of the battery, said method comprising the steps:

providing a predetermined step charge current to the battery until a predetermined voltage lid is detected across the battery terminals;

repeating the previous step with monotonically diminishing charge currents for a predetermined number of times, and thereafter;

providing a predetermined series of periodic charge currents interspersed with one of (a) periodic discharge currents and (b) periodic rest.