Portable spirometer with improved accuracy

• US 5,562,101 A
• Filed: 01/26/1995
• Issued: 10/08/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 03/31/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Government Of The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services
• Original Assignee: United States Department Of Health And Human Services
• Inventors: Hankinson, John L., Viola, Joseph O., Ebeling, Thomas R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cohen, Lee S.
• Application Number:
  US08/307,840
• Time in Patent Office: 621 Days
• Field of Search: 128/724, 128/725, 73/861.03, 73/204.19
• US Class Current: 600/538
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0823 Detecting or evaluating cough events
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/087 Measuring breath flow
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0878 using temperature sensing means
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/091 Measuring volume of inspired or expired gases, e.g. to determine lung capacity

Abstract

A spirometric measurement device includes an arrangement for computation of a dynamic BTPS correction factor, to compensate for temperature-related volume changes due to cooling of expired gas. The correction factor varies in time according to variation of temperature of a flow sensor. The temperature of the flow sensor is accurately established by positioning a temperature sensor downstream of the flow sensor. Autozeroing drift compensation is provided by addition of a PWM signal having an adjusted DC value. Resolution accuracy is increased beyond the capacity of an analog-to-digital converter used in the circuit by implementing a dithering procedure, wherein zero average noise is superimposed on the signal, or by implementing a modified dithering procedure wherein a sawtooth waveform is added to the flow signal, and oversampling the resultant signal.

Claims

1. In a spirometer including a passageway, a flow sensor means for generating an electric flow signal representing a rate of gas flow from a proximal end to a distal end of said passageway, sampling means for sampling the flow signal to provide flow signal samples, existing analog-to-digital converting means (ADC) having a predetermined resolution for converting the flow signal samples provided by said sampling means to digital data, and processing means for processing said digital data provided by said ADC, the improvement comprising:

resolution improving means for improving said predetermined resolution of said existing ADC,

said resolution improving means comprising means for adding a predetermined signal to said flow signal to ensure that the analog-to-digital converting means does not favor one flow signal sample over an adjacent level.

2. An improved spirometer as recited in claim 1, further comprising temperature sensing means for sensing a temperature of said flow sensor means, and

programmed processing means programmed to compute a body-temperature-pressure-saturated (BTPS) correction factor, to compensate for temperature related volume changes in the gas in accordance with the temperature sensed by said temperature sensing means,

wherein said gas flow defines a downstream direction, and

said temperature sensing means is situated in said passageway downstream of said flow sensor means.

3. In a spirometer including a passageway, a flow sensor means for generating an electric flow signal representing a rate of gas flow from a proximal end to a distal end of said passageway, sampling means for sampling the flow signal to provide flow signal samples, existing analog-to-digital converting means (ADC) having a predetermined resolution for converting the flow signal samples provided by said sampling means to digital data, and processing means for processing said digital data provided by said ADC, the improvement comprising:

resolution improving means for improving said predetermined resolution of said existing ADC,

said resolution improving means comprising means for adding a predetermined signal to said flow signal,

wherein said means for adding a predetermined signal comprises;

sawtooth signal generating means for generating a sawtooth signal having a sawtooth waveform and

means for outputting a combined signal representing addition of said sawtooth signal and said flow signal, and

said resolution improving means further comprises oversampling means for obtaining a plurality of samples of said combined signal and for providing said combined signal to said ADC,

whereby resolution accuracy of said ADC is increased.

4. In a spirometer including a passageway flow sensor means for generating an electric flow signal representing a rate of gas flow from a proximal end to a distal end of said passageway, sampling means for sampling the flow signal to provide flow signal samples, existing analog-to-digital converting means (ADC) having predetermined resolution for converting the flow signal samples provided by said sampling means to digital data, and processing means for processing said digital data provided by said ADC, the improvement comprising:

resolution improving means for improving said predetermined resolution of said existing ADC,

said resolution improving means comprising means for adding a predetermined signal to said flow signal,

wherein said means for adding a predetermined signal comprises;

noise generating means for generating a noise signal having a zero average and

means for outputting a combined signal representing addition of said noise signal and said flow signal, and

said resolution improving means further comprises oversampling means for obtaining a plurality of samples of said combined signal and for adding said plurality of samples to obtain a sample value,

whereby effective resolution accuracy of said ADC is increased.

5. In a spirometer including a passageway, a flow sensor means for generating an electric flow signal representing a rate of gas flow from a proximal end to a distal end of said passageway, sampling means for sampling the flow signal to provide flow signal samples, existing analog-to-digital converting means (ADC) having a predetermined resolution for converting the flow signal samples provided by said sampling means to digital data, and processing means for processing said digital data provided by said ADC, the improvement comprising:

resolution improving means for improving said predetermined resolution of said existing ADC,

said resolution improving means comprising means for adding a predetermined signal to said flow signal,

wherein said means for adding a predetermined signal comprises;

noise generating means for generating a noise signal having a zero average and

means for outputting a combined signal representing addition of said noise signal and said flow signal, and

said resolution improving means further comprises oversampling means for obtaining a plurality of samples of said combined signal and for providing said combined signal to said ADC,

whereby effective resolution accuracy of said ADC is increased.