Police traffic radar using digital data transfer between antenna and counting unit

• US 5,563,603 A
• Filed: 02/10/1995
• Issued: 10/08/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 02/10/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Applied Concepts Incorporated (Emerson Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: Applied Concepts Incorporated (Emerson Electric Company)
• Inventors: Gammenthaler, Robert S., Aker, John L., Mead, Alan B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pihulic, Daniel T.
• Application Number:
  US08/386,880
• Time in Patent Office: 606 Days
• Field of Search: 342/104, 342/115, 342/195
• US Class Current: 342/115
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/58 Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/60 wherein the transmitter and receiver are mounted on the moving object, e.g. for determining ground speed, drift angle, ground track G01S13/64 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/66 Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/86 Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/87 Combinations of radar systems, e.g. primary radar and secondary radar
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/92 for velocity measurement
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/003 Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/023 Interference mitigation, e.g. reducing or avoiding non-intentional interference with other HF-transmitters, base station transmitters for mobile communication or other radar systems, e.g. using electro-magnetic interference [EMI] reduction techniques auxiliary means for detecting or identifying radar signals or the like G01S7/021; means for anti-jamming G01S7/36
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/2883 using FFT processing
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 9/0633 mounted on a stripline circuit

Abstract

A police radar utilizing digital data transmission from the antenna unit to a separately housed counting and display unit. The antenna has a double balanced mixer to suppress even order harmonics. The counting and display unit has a computer programmed to perform digital signal processing on the digital data received from the antenna to improve the quality and accuracy of calculated speeds for patrol speed, strongest target speed and fastest target speed. Fastest target speed can be displayed simultaneously with strongest target speed. Signal processing techniques are used to suppress false signals caused by double and triple bounce, harmonics, intermodulation products, video display terminal interference, etc.

Claims

1. A traffic surveillance radar apparatus, comprising:

an antenna for transmitting radar energy and for receiving reflected radar energy;

a mixer for mixing a sample of the transmitted radar energy with the reflected radar energy to generate at an output an analog audio signal that includes frequencies which are dependent upon the speed of any targets painted by said radar and the speed of the police patrol car;

a clock for supplying a clock signal;

an analog-to-digital converter having a clock input coupled to receive said clock signal, and having an analog signal input coupled to said output of said mixer and having a digital signal output, for converting said analog audio signal to a plurality of digital samples in serial digital data format and outputting said serial digital data at said digital signal output, and having a clock output for outputting said clock signal and having a frame sync output, said analog-to-digital converter for generating a periodic frame sync signal at said frame sync output, each said frame sync signal being separated from immediately adjacent frame sync pulses on either side thereof by a predetermined plurality of clock pulses;

a gate array having an input coupled to said digital signal output to receive said serial format digital data samples, and having an input coupled to said frame sync output for receiving said frame sync signals, and having an RFI input coupled to receive said clock signal from said analog-to-digital converter, and having an input for receiving an RFI signal indicating the presence of radio frequency interference, said gate array having a transmit data output and a serial clock output, said gate array for outputting, in synchronization with said clock signal received from said analog-to-digital converter, said serial format digital data samples received from said analog-to-digital converter at said transmit data output as a transmit data signal formatted as a plurality of frames of serial data, only a portion of each frame being dedicated to transmitting digital data samples from said analog-to-digital converter, and for altering said clock signal received from said analog-to-digital converter by deleting a predetermined number of clock signals from every frame sync interval so as to create a silent interval comprising one or more bit times during which no clock signal occurs, the end of said silent interval being a predetermined number of bit times before the end of the next frame, and for outputting the so-modified clock signal at said serial clock output as a serial clock signal, said gate array including means for using a portion of each frame sync interval not dedicated to transmitting digital data samples received from said analog-to-digital converter to include within each frame of digital data samples data indicating whether radio frequency

interference is or is not present; and

a radio frequency detector having an output coupled to said RFI input of said gate array, for detecting the presence of radio frequency interference and for generating said RFI signal when radio frequency is present.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said gate array has status bit inputs for receiving status bits such as bits which indicate, for example, the preferred frequency range of said antenna for best operation, and further comprising status bit means coupled to said status bit inputs for supplying said status bits, and wherein said gate array includes means for using a portion of each frame sync interval not dedicated to transmitting digital data samples received from said analog-to-digital converter to include within each frame of digital data samples said status bits.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising line drivers coupled to said transmit data output and a serial clock output of said gate array, said line drivers for buffering and conditioning said transmit data signal and said serial clock signal such that said transmit data signal and said serial clock signal may be transmitted as serial data over a distance of approximately 25 feet or greater.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising counter-display unit coupled to receive said transmit data signal and said serial clock signal, said counter-display unit including means for detecting said silent interval in said serial clock signal and using said silent interval to determine the boundaries of each frame of digital data samples, said counter-display unit further comprising digital signal processor means for performing a Fast Fourier Transform on the digital data samples of at least some of said frames of data to determine the Fourier frequency components of the analog signal from which said digital data was derived and analyzing the resulting Fourier frequency components to determine the patrol car speed and the speed of a target vehicle.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said counter-display unit further comprises line receivers coupled to receive said serial clock signal and said transmit data signal, said line receivers having a comparison threshold for distinguishing logic 1 from logic 0 in said serial clock signal and said transmit data signal and having hysteresis such that once a logic level, in either said transmit data signal or said serial clock signal transitions past said comparision threshold in a first direction to change from a logic 0 to a logic 1, the signal must transition past the comparision threshold by a hysteresis amount in the opposition direction before a transition back from a logic 1 to a logic 0 will be signalled and vice versa.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said digital signal processor means includes random access memory for storing digital sample data and control data and further comprises format conversion circuitry for receiving the transmit data signal in serial format and converting the serial format data to parallel format data and storing the parallel format data in said random access memory.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said digital signal processor means implements means for parsing out the control data from each frame of parallel format data stored in said random access memory and for using said RFI data for determining whether the results of said Fast Fourier Transform can be used to determine target speed.

8. In a police traffic surveillance radar having an antenna unit of any conventional design for transmitting radar signals and receiving a spectrum of radar signals reflected from stationary and moving objects, and a frequency counting and display unit of any conventional design having at least one display window, the improvement comprising:

digital data transmission path coupling said antenna unit to said frequency counting and display unit;

digitizing means coupled to said antenna unit for digitizing said spectrum of received radar signals reflected from stationary and moving objects and transmitting the digital data resulting therefrom to said frequency counting and display unit via said digital data transmission path;

and wherein said antenna unit and said frequency counting and display unit are in separate housings.

21. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising hysteresis type line receivers coupled to said antenna unit and and to said frequency counting and display unit for bidirectionally sending and receiving digital data between said antenna unit and said frequency counting and display unit so as to improve the noise immunity thereof.

9. In a police traffic surveillance radar having an antenna unit of conventional design for transmitting radar signals and receiving a spectrum of radar signals reflected from stationary and moving objects, and a frequency counting and display unit of conventional design having at least one display window, the improvement comprising:

digital data transmission;

path coupling said antenna unit to said frequency counting and display unit;

digitizing means coupled to said antenna unit for digitizing said spectrum of received radar signals reflected from stationary and moving objects and transmitting the digital data resulting therefrom to said frequency counting and display unit via said digital data transmission path;

wherein said digital data transmission path is configured so as to carry serial format data, and further comprising framing circuitry coupled to said digital data transmission path and said digitizing means for organizing said digital data resulting from operations of said digitizing means into a plurality of frames of serial format data and for transmitting said frames of serial format data over said digital data transmission path;

wherein said digital data transmission path is configured so as to carry serial format data.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising framing circuitry coupled to said digital data transmission path and said digitizing means for organizing said digital data resulting from operations of said digitizing means into a plurality of frames of serial format data and for transmitting said frames of serial format data over said digital data transmission path, and wherein said framing circuitry organizes said digital data into frames having a plurality of bit times only some of which are used for transmission of digital data generated from said received radar signals, and further comprising circuitry coupled to said framing circuitry for adding digital status and control information to one or more of said frames, said status and control information transmitted during bit times not used to transmit digital data generated from said received radar signals.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said counting and display unit includes circuitry to transmit serial format status and control information to said antenna unit over said digital data transmission path.

12. An apparatus for a police traffic surveillance radar, comprising:

an antenna unit comprising;

an oscillator for generating a radar frequency carrier signal;

a microwave antenna coupled to receive said carrier signal from said oscillator, for transmitting radar signals, said microwave antenna also for receiving reflected radar signals;

an amplifier coupled to said microwave antenna unit so as to amplify said received radar signals in accordance with a variable gain set in accordance with a digital gain control signal comprised of one or more bits applied to a digital gain control input;

an analog-to-digital converter coupled to receive the analog output signal of said amplifier and convert said analog signal to a plurality of bytes of serial format digital data and output said bytes of digital data in synchronization with a clock signal which is also output;

timing generator and data formatting means for receiving said clock signal and outputting said digital data as a plurality of frames of serial format digital data, each said frame comprised of a plurality of bit times, only some of which are used to transmit digital data received from said analog-to-digital converter;

means for supplying for control and/or status data to said timing generator and data formatting means for inclusion in said frames of serial format digital data during bit times not used to transmit data from said analog-to-digital converter; and

means controlled by said timing generator and data formatting means for receiving serial format control and status data including said digital gain control signal and for parsing out said one or more bits of said digital gain control signal and applying said bits to said digital gain control input of said amplifier.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said means for supplying control and/or status information includes a radio frequency interference detector for supplying one or more digital data RFI bits during bit times of one or more frames of data not used to transmit data from said analog-to-digital converter, the digital states of said RFI bits indicating whether or not radio frequency interference has been detected.

14. The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising a counting/display unit coupled to said antenna unit by a digital data path, and including a computer programmed to receive said plurality of frames of digital data and calculate therefrom the speed of the patrol car to which said antenna unit is mounted and the speed of the strongest received radar signal reflected from a moving target, and programmed to generate said digital gain control signal and transmit same via said digital data path to said means controlled by said timing generator and data formatting means in said antenna means, said computer also programmed to use the value of said digital gain control signal for determining the true power of predetermined ones of said received reflected radar signals, and for using the information about true power said predetermined ones of said reflected radar signals to improve the accuracy of selection of reflected radar signals for purposes of calculation of patrol speed and the speed of the moving target having the strongest reflected signal by applying predetermined selection criteria based at least upon the true power of predetermined ones of said reflected radar signals.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said computer is also programmed to calculate the speed of the highest speed moving target having a reflected radar signal which meets predetermined selection criteria and for using the value of said digital gain control signal to calculate true power of predetermined ones of said reflected radar signals and use said true power information to apply said predetermined selection criteria so as to decrease the chances that an incorrect speed for the fastest moving target will be displayed or a speed with an ambiguous target identification will be displayed.

16. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said computer in said counting/display unit is also programmed to generate said digital gain control signal by storing a plurality of received digital data frames in a buffer, all of said frames having been generated with a first level for said digital gain control signal, and programmed to examine said buffer of data to determine if any data therein indicates signal strength of received reflected radar signals was above or below predetermined signal strength criteria, and then for generating a new digital gain control signal based upon said information and transmitting said digital gain control information to said antenna unit, and programmed to receive a new plurality of frames of digital data generated using a gain for said amplifier set by the newly calculated digital gain control signal.

17. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said means for supplying control and/or status information includes a circuit for supplying one or more digital data antenna personality bits during bit times of one or more frames of data not used to transmit data from said analog-to-digital converter, the digital states of said personality bits indicating the intended frequency of operation of said microwave antenna.

20. The apparatus of claim 12 further comprising means controlled by said timing generator and data formatting means for receiving one or more serial format transmitter on/off control data bits and one or more bits of serial format self test data, and for parsing out said one or more bits of said transmitter on/off control data and using the digital states of said data to control when said oscillator is and is not oscillating, and parsing out said one or more bits of self test data and injecting said self test data as a test signal into the input of said amplifier means.

22. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising hysteresis type line receivers coupled to said timing generator and data formatting means and to said counting/display unit for bidirectionally sending and receiving digital data between said antenna unit and said counter/display unit so as to improve the noise immunity thereof.

18. An apparatus for a police traffic surveillance radar, comprising:

an antenna unit comprising;

an oscillator for generating a radar frequency carrier signal;

a microwave antenna coupled to receive said carrier signal from said oscillator, for transmitting radar signals, said microwave antenna also for receiving reflected radar signals;

an amplifier means coupled to said microwave antenna unit for amplifying said received radar signals in accordance with a variable gain set in accordance with an analog gain control signal received at a gain control input;

a level detector means coupled to receive the amplified signals output by said amplifier means for comparing the levels of said amplified signal to upper and lower limits, and for generating said analog gain control signal based upon the results of said comparison and transmitting said analog gain control signal to said gain control input;

a first analog-to-digital converter coupled to receive the analog output signal of said level detector and convert said analog signal to a plurality of bytes of serial format digital data and output said bytes of digital data in synchronization with a clock signal which is also output;

a second analog-to-digital converter coupled to receive the analog gain control signal output by said level detector for converting said analog gain control signal to one or more bytes of data;

timing generator and data formatting means for receiving said clock signal and outputting said digital data as a plurality of frames of serial format digital data, each said frame comprised of a plurality of bit times, only some of which are used to transmit digital data received from said analog-to-digital converter;

means for supplying control and/or status data to said timing generator and data formatting means for inclusion in said frames of serial format digital data during bit times not used to transmit data from said analog-to-digital converter; and

a counting/display unit coupled to said antenna unit by a digital data path, and including a computer programmed to receive said plurality of frames of digital data including data generated by said first analog-to-digital converter and said digital data from said second analog-to-digital converter and calculate from said plurality of frames of digital data generated by said first analog-to-digital converter the speed of the patrol car to which said antenna unit is mounted and the speed of the strongest received radar signal reflected from a moving target, and programmed to use the value of said digital data encoding said gain control signal generated by said level detector for determining the true power of predetermined ones of said received reflected radar signals, and for using the information about true power said predetermined ones of said reflected radar signals to improve the accuracy of selection of reflected radar signals for purposes of calculation of patrol speed and the speed of the moving target having the strongest reflected signal by applying predetermined selection criteria based at least upon the true power of predetermined ones of said reflected radar signals.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 further comprising means controlled by said timing generator and data formatting means for receiving one or more serial format transmitter on/off control data bits and one or more bits of serial format self test data, and for parsing out said one or more bits of said transmitter on/off control data and using the digital states of said data to control when said oscillator is and is not oscillating, and parsing out said one or more bits of self test data and injecting said self test data as a test signal into the input of said amplifier means.

23. An apparatus for a police traffic surveillance radar, comprising:

an antenna unit comprising;

an oscillator for generating a radar frequency carrier signal;

a microwave antenna coupled to receive said carrier signal from said oscillator, for transmitting radar signals, said microwave antenna also for receiving reflected radar signals;

an amplifier coupled to said microwave antenna unit so as to amplify said received radar signals;

a clock for outputting a clock signal;

an analog-to-digital converter coupled to receive said clock signal and to receive the analog output signal of said amplifier and convert said analog signal to a plurality of bytes of digital data and output said digital data in synchronization with said clock signal and for outputting said clock signal;

a counter/display unit including circuitry to receive said digital data from said analog-to-digital converter and calculate therefrom the patrol car speed and the speed of the moving target having the strongest legitimate reflected radar signal and for displaying said patrol speed and said speed of said moving target;

a digital data path for conveying said digital data to said counter/display unit; and

means for conveying status and control data from said antenna unit to said counter/display unit or vice versa by encoding the data to be sent into said clock signal by modification of one or more attributes of said clock signal.

24. In a police traffic surveillance radar having an antenna unit having RF and analog circuitry of conventional design for transmitting radar signals and receiving a spectrum of radar signals reflected from stationary and moving objects, and a frequency counting and display unit of conventional design having at least one display window, wherein said antenna unit and said counting and display unit are electrically coupled by a cable having one or more conductors but are housed in separate housings which are physically separated, the improvement comprising:

analog-to-digital circuitry in said antenna unit to generate digital data from said received spectrum of reflected radar signals;

serial digital data transmission path within said cable coupling said antenna unit to said frequency counting and display unit for carrying serial format digital data generated by said analog-to-digital circuitry;

and wherein said conductors in said cable are configured so as to minimize pickup of electrical noise.

25. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein said digital data path is configured to carry data in parallel format.

26. The apparatus of claim 24 further comprising circuitry in said antenna unit for sending control and status information in parallel format over said digital data transmission path to said frequency counting and display unit, and further comprising circuitry in said frequency counting and display unit for sending control and status information in parallel format over said digital data transmission path to said antenna unit.

27. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein said antenna unit has an amplifier with variable gain which is set by a digital gain control signal received at a gain control input, said amplifier for amplifying said spectrum of reflected radar signals received by said antenna unit, and further comprising circuitry in said frequency counting and display unit for sending gain control information in parallel format over said digital data transmission path to said antenna unit to said amplifier gain control input to control the amplitude of received radar signals which are digitized in said antenna unit.

28. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein said frequency counting and display unit uses the digital data received from said antenna unit to calculate the speed of the patrol car from a signal that meets predetermined selection criteria, and uses said digital data to calculate the speed of the moving target having the strongest reflected radar signal from a moving target meeting predetermined selection criteria, and uses said digital data to calculate the speed of the fastest moving target having a reflected radar signal which has the highest Doppler shift in frequency and which meets predetermined selection criteria, and wherein said frequency counting and display unit said uses the value of said digital gain control signal to determine the true power of at least some of said received radar signals in said spectrum, and uses said true power information to apply said predetermined selection criteria so as to decrease the chances that an incorrect speed is displayed for said patrol car, or said moving target with the strongest reflected radar signal or said fastest moving target.

29. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein said frequency counting and display unit compares said digital data received from said antenna unit to predetermined high and low signal power references to determine if signal strength of received radar signals is above or below said predetermined thresholds, and for generating said digital gain control signal based upon said comparison.

30. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein said antenna unit has an amplifier with variable gain which is set by an analog gain control signal received at a gain control input, said amplifier for amplifying said spectrum of reflected radar signals received by said antenna unit, and further comprising an analog-to-digital converter means in said antenna unit for converting said analog gain control signal to digital data and for transmitting said gain control digital data to said frequency counting and display unit via said digital data path, and further comprising circuitry in said frequency counting and display unit for receiving said digital gain control data in parallel format over said digital data transmission path to said antenna unit to said amplifier gain control input to control the amplitude of received radar signals which are digitized in said antenna unit.

31. The apparatus of claim 24 further comprising means in said antenna unit for detecting the existence of radio frequency interference and for generating digital RFI bits the states of which indicate whether radio frequency interference is or is not present, and circuitry in said antenna unit for generating antenna personality bits indicating by their states the design frequency of operation of said antenna, and further comprising circuitry in said antenna unit for sending said RFI bits and said antenna personality bits in parallel format over said digital data transmission path to said frequency counting and display unit, and further comprising means in said frequency counting and display unit for generating transmitter on/off control digital data bits and self test digital data and for sending said transmitter on/off control digital data bits and self test digital data in parallel format over said digital data transmission path to said antenna unit.

32. A police traffic surveillance radar apparatus, comprising:

a microwave antenna unit having a microwave horn moving at the same speed as a police patrol vehicle for transmitting and receiving microwave energy, and having a microwave oscillator with an on/off control input for receiving an on/off control signal which causes said oscillator to oscillate and generate microwave energy at an output when said on/off control signal is in an on state, and which causes said oscillator to stop oscillating when said on/off control signal is in an off state, said output of said microwave oscillator being coupled to said microwave horn, said microwave antenna unit including circuitry for receiving microwave energy reflected from stationary and moving objects which are in the path of microwave energy emitted from said microwave horn, said circuitry for generating a radar returns signal from said received microwave energy using an amplifier having a variable gain, said gain established by a gain control circuit having a gain control input for receiving a multibit digital gain control signal, said radar returns signal indicating the relative speed of said stationary and moving targets relative to said microwave horn;

a processing and display unit coupled to receive said radar returns signal and for processing said radar returns signal to derive the speed of the patrol vehicle and the speed of the moving target having the strongest signal and for displaying both said computed speeds, said processing and display unit coupled to said on/off control input of said oscillator and to said gain control input by a serial format digital data link, said processing and display unit including circuitry to generate said on/off control signal as a digital signal having one or more bits and circuitry to generate said multibit digital gain control circuit, and further comprising transmission circuitry for joining said digital on/off control signal and said multibit digital gain control signal in a control word and for transmitting said control word to said microwave antenna unit; and

wherein said microwave antenna unit includes parsing circuitry for receiving said control word and parsing said control word and applying said on/off control signal to said on/off control input of said oscillator and applying said multibit digital gain control signal to said gain control input of said gain control circuit.

33. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein said microwave antenna unit includes mixer diodes for mixing a sample of the oscillator signal with said received microwave energy to generate an analog signal, and wherein said amplifier is coupled to amplify said analog signal and further comprising an analog-to-digital converter coupled to receive the amplified analog signal and convert it to a series of digital samples for transmission to said processing and display unit, and wherein said processing and display unit further comprises a circuit for generating a digital self-test signal at selected times, said self-test signal comprising a series of alternating logic ones and zeroes which define a square wave having a frequency within the bandwidth of said amplifier and said analog-to-digital converter, and wherein said transmission circuitry concatenates said self-test signal with said on/off control signal and said digital gain control signal in said control word and transmits said control word to said microwave antenna unit, and wherein said parsing circuitry in said microwave antenna unit parses out said self-test signal and applies it to the input of said amplifier.

34. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein said processing and display unit includes circuitry for processing the digital samples of said self-test signal produced by the analog-to-digital converter when said self-test signal is being applied to the input of said amplifier to determine if said ampifier and said analog-to-digital converter are operating properly.

35. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein said analog-to-digital converter also outputs a clock signal used to convert said analog signal to digital samples, and wherein said microwave transmission unit includes circuitry for converting said digital data samples output by said analog-to-digital converter to a plurality of frames of serial format data and transmitting said serial format data to said processing and display unit in synchronization with said clock signal output by said analog-to-digital converter and further comprises clock signal modification circuitry for generating and transmitting to said processing and display unit a clock signal derived from said clock signal output by said analog-to-digital converter to said processing and display unit.

36. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein said clock signal output by said analog-to-digital converter comprises a periodic signal that defines a plurality of bit times, and wherein said analog-to-digital converter also outputs a periodic frame sync signal, each said frame sync signal separated from its neighboring frame sync signals by a plurality of bit times defining one frame of data, said frame sync signals defining the boundaries of each frame of said serial format digital data, and wherein said clock signal modification circuitry generates and transmits to said processing and display unit a modified clock signal from said clock signal and said frame sync signals output by said analog-to-digital converter by deleting one or more clock signal portions defining one or more bit times in every frame thereby defining a silent interval in said modified clock signal, said silent interval in every frame having a predetermined timing relationship to the frame sync signals that define the frame.

37. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein said processing and display unit includes format conversion circuitry for converting said control word to serial format and transmitting said serial format control word to said microwave antenna unit, and wherein said parsing circuitry in said microwave antenna unit includes circuitry to convert said serial format control word to parallel format and apply the various control bits to the appropriate circuits controlled by said control bits.

38. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein said processing and display unit further comprises frame sync regeneration circuitry to receive said modified clock signal and reconstruct new frame sync signals for use within said processing and display unit in detecting the boundaries of each frame of serial format data received from said microwave antenna unit, said frame sync regeneration circuitry reconstructing said new frame sync signals by detecting reception of said silent interval in each frame of serial format data received from said microwave antenna unit and generating a new frame sync signal having the same predetermined timing relationship to said silent interval in each frame as said silent interval had to the original frame sync signals received from said analog-to-digital converter in said microwave antenna unit, said format conversion circuitry further comprising circuitry for transmitting said serial format control word to said microwave antenna unit in synchronization with said new frame sync signals.

39. The apparatus of claim 38 wherein said format conversion circuitry further comprises circuitry to receive said modified clock signal and reconstruct new clock signals sufficient to fill in said silent interval so as to generate a reconstructed clock signal for use within said processing and display unit and for transmitting said serial format control word to said microwave antenna unit in synchronization with said new frame sync signals and said reconstructed clock signal.

40. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein said format conversion circuitry further comprises line drivers coupled to transmit said serial format control word to said microwave antenna unit, said line drivers for buffering and conditioning said serial format control word such that said serial format control word may be transmitted as serial data over a distance of approximately 25 feet or greater.

41. The apparatus of claim 38 wherein said format conversion circuitry further comprises line drivers coupled to transmit said serial format control word to said microwave antenna unit, said line drivers for buffering and conditioning said serial format control word such that said serial format control word may be transmitted as serial data over a distance of approximately 25 feet or greater.

42. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein said format conversion circuitry further comprises line drivers coupled to transmit said serial format control word to said microwave antenna unit, said line drivers for buffering and conditioning said serial format control word such that said serial format control word may be transmitted as serial data over a distance of approximately 25 feet or greater.

43. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said microwave antenna unit includes line receivers having hysteresis to receive said serial format control word thereby increasing the noise immunity of the apparatus to environmental noise generated by the patrol vehicle electrical system and radio transmitter.

44. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein said microwave antenna unit includes line receivers having hysteresis to receive said serial format control word thereby increasing the noise immunity of the apparatus to environmental noise generated by the patrol vehicle electrical system and radio transmitter.

45. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein said microwave antenna unit includes line receivers having hysteresis to receive said serial format control word thereby increasing the noise immunity of the apparatus to environmental noise generated by the patrol vehicle electrical system and radio transmitter.

46. In a police traffic surveillance radar having an antenna unit of conventional design for transmitting radar signals and receiving a spectrum of radar signals reflected from stationary and moving objects, and a frequency counting and display unit of conventional design having at least one display window, and wherein the antenna unit is separated from the counting and display unit but electrically coupled thereto by a cable, the improvement comprising:

digital data transmission path within said cable and coupling said antenna unit to said frequency counting and display unit;

digitizing means at the location of said antenna unit for digitizing said spectrum of received radar signals reflected from stationary and moving objects and transmitting the digital data resulting therefrom to said frequency counting and display unit via said digital data transmission path;

and wherein said antenna unit and said frequency counting and display unit are in separate housings and are separated by an appreciable physical distance which is long enough to cause said cable to act as an antenna to pick up electrical noise and radio frequency interference;

a radio frequency interference detector at the location of said antenna unit and electrically coupled to said counting and display unit through a cable for generating a radio frequency interference warning signal and sending said radio frequency interference warning signal to said counting and display unit through said cable coupling said radio frequency interference detector to said counting and display unit.

47. In a police traffic surveillance radar having an antenna unit having RF and analog circuitry of conventional design for transmitting radar signals and receiving a spectrum of radar signals reflected from stationary and moving objects, and a frequency counting and display unit of conventional design having at least one display window, said counting and display unit electrically coupled to said antenna unit but separated from said antenna unit by some appreciable distance, the improvement comprising:

analog-to-digital circuitry in said antenna unit to generate digital data from said received spectrum of reflected radar signals;

digital data transmission path in said cable coupling said antenna unit to said frequency counting and display unit for carrying said digital data generated by said analog-to-digital circuitry;

one or more line driver circuits at the location of said antenna unit and coupled between said analog-to-digital circuitry and said digital data transmission path for receiving said digital data from said analog-to-digital circuitry and transmitting said digital data to said counting and display unit via said digital data transmission path;

and wherein said counting and display unit performs digital signal processing on said digital data received from said antenna unit, and further comprising one or more line driver circuits at the location of said counting and display unit and electrically coupled to said digital data transmission path for transmitting digital data generated by said counting and display unit to said antenna unit.

48. In a police traffic surveillance radar having an antenna unit of conventional design for transmitting radar signals and receiving a spectrum of radar signals reflected from stationary and moving objects, and a frequency counting and display unit of conventional design having at least one display window, and wherein the antenna unit is separated from the counting and display unit but electrically coupled thereto by a cable having one or more conductors therein, the improvement comprising:

digital data transmission path within said cable and coupling said antenna unit to said frequency counting and display unit;

digitizing means at the location of said antenna unit for digitizing said spectrum of received radar signals reflected from stationary and moving objects and transmitting the digital data resulting therefrom to said frequency counting and display unit via said digital data transmission path;

and wherein said antenna unit has an amplifier therein which has a variable gain;

and wherein said antenna unit and said frequency counting and display unit are in separate housings;

and wherein said counting and display unit sends gain control information to said amplifier in said antenna unit via a conductor in said cable.