Full bridge phase displaced resonant transition circuit for obtaining constant resonant transition current from 0.degree. phase angle to 180.degree. phase angle

• US 5,563,775 A
• Filed: 06/16/1994
• Issued: 10/08/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 06/16/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Emerson Network Power Energy Systems North America Incorporated (Emerson Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: Reliance Comm/Tec Corporation
• Inventors: Kammiller, Neil A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Krishnan, Aditya
• Application Number:
  US08/260,524
• Time in Patent Office: 845 Days
• Field of Search: 363/15-26, 363/95-98, 363/131-134, 315/219, 315/DIG. 4, 315/DIG. 7, 315/227 R, 315/209 R, 315/200 R, 315/205, 315/207, 315/219, 315/224, 323/266
• US Class Current: 363/17
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/335 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/53878 by time shifting switching signals of one diagonal pair of the bridge with respect to the other diagonal pair
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

In a full-bridge phase displaced resonant transition circuit a center-tap is placed on the power transformer primary winding. The center-tap is connected to an inductor at one end with another end of the inductor connected to a large capacitor. The other end of the capacitor is connected to circuit common. During the time that a diagonal of the switching bridge is conducting, current will increase in the inductance of the power transformer primary winding. When the bridge changes to a horizontal conduction situation, the current in the power transformer primary winding will stop increasing and will essentially hold its value until the next diagonal conduction. Concurrently during the horizontal conduction the current in a resonant inductor will increase. When the bridge changes again to diagonal conduction the resonant inductor will stop increasing and essentially hold its value until the next horizontal conduction. Through this operation, at any given time there is current in one or the other inductances which is increasing and thus storing energy to be used for resonant transition even at zero phase no-load conditions.

Claims

1. A phase displaced, resonant transition circuit maintaining constant resonant transition current from 0°

phase angle to 180°

phase angle, the circuit comprising;

a full bridge circuit having a first and second switch connected in series forming a first leg, and a third and fourth switch connected in series forming a second leg, said first and second legs connected in parallel with one another and in parallel with a power supply;

a primary winding, a first end of the primary winding connected to a junction of the first and second switches and a second end of the primary winding connected to a junction of the third and fourth switches;

a secondary winding inductively coupled to the primary winding, the secondary winding connected to a rectifying circuit supplying a controllable voltage to a load; and

a center tap leg including a resonant inductance and a capacitance, the inductance means connected at a first end in a center-tap arrangement to the primary winding, a second end of the resonant inductance connected to a first end of the capacitance, and a second end of the capacitance connected to circuit common.

2. The circuit according to claim 1 further including a switcher configured and connected to switch each of the switches on and off at a constant frequency wherein when switches one and four or two and three, located in the bridge diagonally to each other are switched on at the same time, power is transferred to the secondary winding.

3. The circuit according to claim 1 further including a delay device configured and constructed to introduce a delay between switching of switches located diagonally to each other, wherein introduction of a delay results in a phase shift between drive signals.

4. The circuit according to claim 1 wherein the primary winding has a fixed predetermined inductance.

5. The circuit according to claim 1 wherein the capacitance is of a large fixed value which holds at least 1/2 DC supply.

6. The circuit according to claim 1 wherein an inductance value of the primary winding and an inductance value of the inductance are selected to be in a predetermined ratio to each other whereby each leg of the circuit maintains a triangle wave of exciting current regardless of the phase angle.

7. The circuit according to claim 6 wherein the amplitude of the triangle wave is constant regardless of conduction angle.

8. The circuit according to claim 1 wherein current in the primary winding increases during diagonal conduction and maintains its level during horizontal conduction.

9. The circuit according to claim 1 wherein current in the inductance means increases during a horizontal conduction and maintains its level during horizontal conduction.

10. The circuit according to claim 1 wherein summation of the current in the primary winding and current in the inductance form a triangle waveform.

11. The circuit according to claim 1 wherein when the capacitance is at AC zero volts it is at 1/2 DC supply.

13. The method according to claim 2 further comprising:

selecting an inductance ratio between the primary winding and the inductor such that each leg of the full bridge maintains a triangle wave of exciting current regardless of phase angle.

12. A method for maintaining a constant resonant transition current from 0°

phase angle to 180°

phase angle in a full bridge phase displaced resonant transition circuit having switches constructed and operated at duty cycles ranging from 0% to 100%, the method comprising;

inserting a center tap on a primary winding of the full bridge phase displaced resonant transition circuit with a first end of an inductor connected to the center tapped primary, a second end of the inductor connected to a first end of a capacitor and a second end of the capacitor connected to circuit common;

operating the full bridge at 100% duty cycle wherein substantially all transformer core losses are at the primary winding and substantially zero voltage is on the inductor; and

operating the full bridge at 0% duty cycle wherein maximum voltage is on the inductor and substantially zero voltage is on the primary, such that all transformer core losses are at the inductor.

14. The method according to claim 12 wherein the full bridge between states of horizontal and diagonal conduction among the switches of the full bridge.

15. The method according to claim 12 wherein when the full bridge is at a substantially no-load condition further comprising the steps of:

a) switching to a first diagonal conducting state wherein current increases in the primary winding of the full bridge;

b) switching to a first horizontal conducting state wherein the current in the primary winding ceases to increase and holds its value, and concurrently current in the inductor increases;

c) switching to a second diagonal conducting state wherein the current in the inductor holds its value until a next horizontal conducting state; and

,

repeating the switching steps a, b and c such that at any given time there is a current in the primary winding or inductor which is increasing and thereby storing energy to be used for resonant transition.

16. The method according to claim 12 further including a step of summing the currents in the primary winding and the inductor to form a triangle waveform.

17. A phase displaced, resonant transition circuit powered by a power supply, the circuit maintaining constant resonant transition current from 0°

phase angle to 180°

phase angle, the circuit comprising;

a full bridge circuit having at least four semiconductor switches to which control signals are applied;

a transformer having a primary winding connected to the full bridge circuit and a secondary winding inductively coupled to the primary winding;

a controller in operative connection with the full bridge circuit, the controller configured to supply the control signals to the switches; and

an inductance capacitance network in operative connection with the primary winding and a circuit common.

18. The resonant transition circuit according to claim 17 wherein the controller is configured to produce a switching sequence for the switches such that at a first switching period in the primary winding acts to store a charge and during a second switching period inductance of the inductance capacitance network acts to store charge.

19. The resonant transition circuit according to claim 17 wherein the inductance capacitance network is in operative connection with the primary winding at a center-tap location.