Fluidized-bed equipment and pressurized fluidized-bed (combustion) combined cycle apparatus

• US 5,563,803 A
• Filed: 03/19/1993
• Issued: 10/08/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 03/19/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Inventors: Tomuro, Jinichi, Nagafuchi, Naoyuki, Morihara, Atsushi
• Primary Examiner(s): Trammell, James P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Wachsman, Hal D.
• Application Number:
  US08/035,118
• Time in Patent Office: 1,299 Days
• Field of Search: 364/496, 364/554, 364/509, 364/562, 364/567, 364/555, 422/139, 422/141, 422/140, 422/143-145, 422/147, 48/203, 48/DIG. 10, 48/128, 48/198.6, 48/200-202, 48/197 R, 48/DIG. 1, 48/4-6, 48/206, 48/210, 324/227, 324/464, 324/635, 73/19.1, 73/23.25, 73/23.36, 73/23.4, 73/24.03, 73/24.04, 73/28.04, 73/28.06, 73/64.56, 73/65.01, 73/433, 73/434, 73/447, 73/53.06 , 73/53.07, 73/54.14, 73/64.55, 73/290 R, 73/291, 73/292, 73/304 R, 73/304 C, 73/314, 118/DIG. 5, 95/108, 95/27, 95/28, 96/150.2, 210/792, 209/458, 209/477, 209/471, 209/485, 209/483, 209/473, 209/474, 209/465, 209/40, 208/127, 208/146-149, 208/153, 208/108, 208/161, 208/163-165, 34/3.64, 34/249, 148/630, 432/15, 204/302, 204/306, 204/308, 165/104.16, 423/DIG. 5, 423/6, 423/16, 423/150.6, 423/659, 427/182, 427/185, 427/213, 374/137, 374/143, 374/123, 374/124
• US Class Current: 700/274
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2208/00044 Temperature measurement
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2208/0061 Controlling the level
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 8/1809 Controlling processes
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/06 Modeling or simulation of processes
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 3/482 Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 3/54 Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 3/723 Controlling or regulating the gasification process
• CPC Class Codes: F01K 23/062 the combustion bed being pressurised pressurised fluid bed combustion per se F23C10/16
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2200/24 exponential
• CPC Class Codes: F22B 31/0076 Controlling processes for fluidized bed boilers not related to a particular type
• CPC Class Codes: F23C 10/30 for controlling the level of the bed or the amount of material in the bed

Abstract

A bed height of a fluidized bed is detected which influences reaction of a fluidized-bed equipment. In the fluidized-bed equipment in which a fluidized particle is put into the vessel, physical properties at a plurality of points within the vessel are measured in a height direction thereof. An interior of the vessel is divided into upper and lower two regions. Physical property distribution curves of the respective regions are found, to find an intersection between the two curves as a bed height. Thus, it is possible to find the bed height of the fluidized bed which influences the reaction of the fluidized-bed equipment. An operating quantity which influences the reaction can be adjusted or regulated accurately.

Claims

1. A system for determining bed height in a fluidized-bed equipment comprising:

a vessel having a first region high in concentration of a granular or liquid substance and a second region low in said concentration, surface detecting means for determining a bed height by selecting, in an interior of said vessel, two upper and lower optional regions and producing an expression for fitting expressing a physical property distribution, from physical property measuring values within said regions, to find an intersection, repeating determining an intersection with different selected divided regions, and determining a bed height corresponding to an intersection in which a correlation between a measuring value and an expression for fitting is the most superior.

2. A system for determining bed height in a fluidized-bed equipment comprising:

a vessel having a first region high in concentration of a granular or liquid substance and a second region low in said concentration, means for measuring a physical property within said vessel, means for selecting, an interior of said vessel, two upper and lower optional regions and producing two expressions for fitting expressing physical property distributions in the respective regions, as a single exponential function, from physical property measuring values of the respective regions, to find an intersection between the two expressions, repeating producing of the two expressions and finding of an intersection in different selected regions, and determining a bed height corresponding to an intersection in which a correlation between a measuring value and the expressions for fitting is the best, and display means for displaying the physical property distributions produced from the two expressions for fitting in the selected combination.

3. A system for determining bed height in a fluidized-bed equipment according to claim 2, wherein said means for measuring finds the expressions for fitting in order to find a physical property distribution curve or a function expressing the physical property distribution.

4. A system for determining bed height in a fluidized-bed equipment according to claim 2, wherein said means for measuring finds the expressions for fitting in order to find a physical property distribution by utilizing physical property measuring values except for physical property measuring values of two positions the closest to each other in the two selected divided regions.

5. A system for determining bed height in a pressurized fluidized-bed equipment comprising:

a pressure vessel filled with fluidized particles, means for supplying coal particles into said vessel, means for supplying a gasification agent of the coal particles, means for exhausting gas of formation generated by gasification of said coal out of said vessel, and surface detecting means for measuring physical properties at a plurality of points within said vessel in a height direction thereof, to find the expressions for fitting of physical property distribution curves of two selected optionally divided upper and lower regions of said vessel, repeating finding of the expressions for fitting with different selected regions to detect a bed height of the fluidized particles corresponding to an intersection of two expressions for fitting in which a correlation between physical property measuring values and the expression for fitting is the best.

6. A system for regulating a fluidized-bed boiler comprising:

a vessel into which a fluidized particle is put, means supplying coal particles into said vessel, means for supplying a gasification agent of said coal particles, means for exhausting combustion gas produced by gasification of the coal particles, from said vessel, heat-exchanging means arranged within said vessel for being heated by heat of combustion of the coal particles to produce steam from water, means for measuring physical properties at a plurality of points within said vessel in a height direction thereof, means for selecting an interior of said vessel, two optional upper and lower regions to find physical property distribution curves of the respective selected regions from said physical property measuring results to display the physical property distribution curves, and means for regulating at least one of fuel supply quantity, gasification agent supply quantity, and quantity of water supplied to said heat exchanging means, on the basis of an intersection of two produced physical property distribution curves.

7. A system for regulating a pressurized fluidized-bed combined cycle apparatus comprising:

a pressure vessel provided with a heat exchanger filled with fluidized particles for producing steam from water, a gas turbine driven by power which is gas generated by supply of coal particles and a gasification agent of the coal particles to said vessel, a steam turbine driven by steam produced by said heat exchanger, one generator for generating electric power by the power of said gas turbine, another generator for generating electric power by the power of said steam turbine, means for measuring physical properties at a plurality of points within said vessel in a height direction thereof, to find an intersection of respective physical property distributions of the selected optionally divided upper and lower regions, and means for regulating at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of a quantity of coal particles supplied into said vessel on the basis of the produced intersection, a flow rate of the gasification agent and a quantity of water supplied to said heat exchanger.