Method for the display, analysis, classification, and correlation of electrical brain function potentials
First Claim
1. A disposable cap comprising a hemispherically shaped member adapted to fit on top of a human head, the hemispherically shaped member having an exterior and an interior and further having at least nineteen electrically conducting electrodes pre-placed therein at specific positions, each of the electrodes being adapted with a metal conducting object extending through the exterior of the member for transmitting electroencephalographic signals from the human brain for analysis, the member being made of an insulating material, the member having an anterior portion divided into a left dorsal area and a right dorsal area, the member also having a posterior portion, the posterior portion having dispersed therein at least nineteen of the electrodes, said electrodes extending from the interior of the member to the exterior, means for holding said electrodes in said member, said electrodes being non-standardly arranged at positions C3, C4, F3, F4, F7, F8, FP2, FP1, P3, P4, T3, T4, T5, T6, PZ, CZ, FZ and ground, a set of fourteen of the eighteen electrodes, comprised of first and second subsets of seven electrodes each being located in the member, said set of fourteen being equally divided and dispersed in mirror-image positions in the anterior portion of the member, the first subset of seven of the electrodes being located in the left dorsal area of the member at the T4, T6, P4, F4, C4, F8, and FP2 positions, the second subset of seven of the electrodes being located in mirror image positions with respect to the first subset in the right dorsal area of the member at the T3, T5, P3, F3, C3, F3, and FP1 positions, respectively, one other of the electrodes being ground and centrally located between the right and left dorsal areas, and two additional electrodes also being centrally located between the right and left dorsal areas, wherein one is located above the ground electrode at the PZ position and wherein the other one is located below the ground electrode at the FZ position.
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Accused Products
Abstract
An actuarial method for statistically determining the probable truth or falsity of a statement concerning a human subject and whether responses or statements made by the subject precede either a knowing representation by the subject of a truth or a lie. The method enables the correlation of a video image of a human subject, including mannerisms of the human subject, a selected plurality of eclectroencephalographic signals gathered from a plurality of electrodes located at specific points on the head of the subject, and a simultaneous detection or display of the subject'"'"'s responses from a single video monitor combined with a computer analysis of the electroencephalographs to determine the subject'"'"'s knowledge regarding a fact, a personal experience, and/or the truth or falsity of a particular statement by using a set of regression equations which establish before-truth, before-lie, during-truth, and during-lie base actuarial profiles for correlation and comparative analysis via computer. A system provides remote audio communication between the human subject and an examiner, a computer for analyzing electroencephalographic responses of the subject and comparing same with the base acturial profiles is provided and connected for receiving and sending a video image of the subjects face onto a portion of a monitor while simultaneously processing, sending and displaying the plurality of brain electrical waves on a another portion of the monitor. The electrical signals from the subject'"'"'s brain are acquired using a novel disposable elastic skull cap with 19 electrodes pre-inserted in the cap in pre-selected positions. The computer digitizes each electrical signal over a unit of time and compares digitized signals for different epochs of times with the signals generated from selected epochs serving as actuarial base line signals.
84 Citations
12 Claims
- 1. A disposable cap comprising a hemispherically shaped member adapted to fit on top of a human head, the hemispherically shaped member having an exterior and an interior and further having at least nineteen electrically conducting electrodes pre-placed therein at specific positions, each of the electrodes being adapted with a metal conducting object extending through the exterior of the member for transmitting electroencephalographic signals from the human brain for analysis, the member being made of an insulating material, the member having an anterior portion divided into a left dorsal area and a right dorsal area, the member also having a posterior portion, the posterior portion having dispersed therein at least nineteen of the electrodes, said electrodes extending from the interior of the member to the exterior, means for holding said electrodes in said member, said electrodes being non-standardly arranged at positions C3, C4, F3, F4, F7, F8, FP2, FP1, P3, P4, T3, T4, T5, T6, PZ, CZ, FZ and ground, a set of fourteen of the eighteen electrodes, comprised of first and second subsets of seven electrodes each being located in the member, said set of fourteen being equally divided and dispersed in mirror-image positions in the anterior portion of the member, the first subset of seven of the electrodes being located in the left dorsal area of the member at the T4, T6, P4, F4, C4, F8, and FP2 positions, the second subset of seven of the electrodes being located in mirror image positions with respect to the first subset in the right dorsal area of the member at the T3, T5, P3, F3, C3, F3, and FP1 positions, respectively, one other of the electrodes being ground and centrally located between the right and left dorsal areas, and two additional electrodes also being centrally located between the right and left dorsal areas, wherein one is located above the ground electrode at the PZ position and wherein the other one is located below the ground electrode at the FZ position.
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5. An actuarial method for a statistical determination of whether a cognitive response of a human subject having right and left frontal lobes comprising a brain underneath a scalp, to a question selected from a plurality of questions is either true, false, made before a true statement, or made before a false statement based on prior acquisition and statistical analysis of quantitative aspects of electroencephalographic responses to known events by the subject comprising:
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(a) detachably affixing at least nineteen electrodes, to the scalp of the subject where the scalp overlies the frontal lobes of the subject'"'"'s brain said electrodes being non-standardly arranged at positions C3, C4, F3, F4, F7, F5, FP2, FP1, P3, P4, T3, T4, T5, T6, PZ, CZ, FZ and gound, a set of fourteen of the nineteen electrodes, comprised of first and second subsets of seven electrodes each being located on the scalp, said set of fourteen being equally divided and dispersed in mirror-image positions in an anterior portion of the scalp, the first subset of seven of the electrodes being located in a left dorsal area of the scalp at the T4, T6, P4, F4, C4, F8, and FP2 positions, the second subset of seven of the electrodes being located in mirror-image positions with respect to the first subset in a right dorsal area of the scalp at the T3, T5, P3, F3, C3, F3, and FP1 positions, respectively, one other of the electrodes being, a ground electrode and centrally located between the right and left dorsal areas, and two additional electrodes also being centrally located between the fight and left dorsal areas, wherein the one additional electrode is located above the ground electrode at the PZ position and wherein the other additional electrode is located below the ground electrode at the FZ position, one of said electrodes being located above a left eye of the subject in the FP1 position and another of said electrodes being located above a right eye of the subject in the FP2 position; (b) measuring, using said electrodes all evenly located above the frontal lobes of the brain, a relative power of a brain wave activity at one electrode compared to another electrode of the subject via a voltage at the one electrode compared to the voltage at other said electrodes, the brain wave activity comprising at least 95 different relative power voltage versus time analog measurements while the subject responds to a plurality of false events and true events over a predetermined first time interval and rejecting epochs on a basis, said basis comprising comparing relative power of a delta wave input from the electrode in the FP1 position; (c) converting the analog measurements to a plurality N of digital numbers wherein each number represents a measure of a voltage signal from each of the at least nineteen electrodes at a specific time-point in the first time interval; (d) converting each of the plurality N of digital numbers to a base 10 logarithmic equivalent to obtain a corresponding plurality NL of logarithmic numbers; (e) identifying a plurality of epochs within the first time interval; and
then categorizing each epoch into one of four event spectra in the time interval, the spectra being identified as (i) a first spectrum comprising epochs during a query directed to the subject by the examiner about a known statement of a truth, (ii) a second spectrum comprising epochs occurring during a known statement of a lie by the subject, (iii) a third spectrum comprising epochs occurring before a known statement of a lie by the subject, and (iv) a fourth spectrum comprising epochs occurring before a truth by the subject;(f) selecting four subsets E1, E2, E3, and E4 from the plurality of logarithmic numbers NL, the four subsets E1, E2, E3, and E4 being grouped in time-related subsets consisting of epochs wherein each epoch of each subset is selected from one and only one of said four event spectra, respectively, (g) computing a first equation consisting of a first stepwise regression equation using a portion of the digital numbers N corresponding to the subset E1 +E2 of logarithmic numbers NL from said first spectrum and said second spectrum; (h) computing a second equation consisting of a second stepwise regression equation using a portion of the digital numbers N corresponding to the subset E3 +E4 of logarithmic numbers NL from said third and fourth spectrums; (i) computing a third equation consisting of a third stepwise regression equation using a portion of the digital numbers N corresponding to the subset E1 +E2 of logarithmic numbers NL from said first and E4 third spectrums; (j) computing a fourth equation consisting of a fourth stepwise regression equation using a portion of the digital numbers N corresponding to the subset E3 +E4 of logarithmic numbers NL from said third and fourth spectrums; (k) further examining the subject regarding a subject within said time interval with questions and each question requiring an examination answer; (l) measuring the brain wave activity of the subject via said electrodes as voltage versus time analog measurements while the subject verbally answers the questions; (m) convening the analog measurements taken during the examination to a plurality M of digital numbers wherein each number represents the relative amplitude of the voltage signal from each electrode at a specific point during the examination of the subject; (n) converting the plurality M of digital numbers to their base 10 logarithmic equivalent to obtain a like plurality of logarithmic numbers ME ; (o) selecting for examination a plurality of examination epochs and a corresponding subset of numbers from the logarithmic numbers ME generated from within said time interval based on at least one examination response provided by the subject; (p) comparing the plurality of logarithmic numbers ME and the plurality of digital numbers M with predicted values provided by said first, second, third, and fourth equations; (q) selecting as a spectrum for the compared plurality of logarithmic numbers ME that spectrum associated with predicted values from one of said equations which substantially matches the compared plurality of logarithmic numbers ME ; and
then(q) indicating that the response provided by the subject during the selected plurality of examination epochs is either before a true statement, during a true statement, before a lie, or during a lie based on the spectrum last selected. - View Dependent Claims (6)
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7. A method of determining whether a cognitive response, of a human subject having a plurality of frontal lobes comprising a brain underneath a scalp, to a question selected from a plurality of questions is true or false comprising:
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(a) attaching at least nineteen electrodes to the scalp of the subject where the scalp overlies the frontal lobes of the subject'"'"'s brain, said electrodes being non-standardly arranged at positions C3, C4, F3, F4, F7, F8, FP2, FP1, P3, P4, T3, T4, T5, T6, PZ, CZ, FZ and ground, a set of fourteen of the nineteen electrodes, comprised of first and second subsets of seven electrodes each being located on the scalp, said set of fourteen being equally divided and dispersed in mirror-image positions in an anterior portion of the scalp, the first subset of seven of the electrodes being located in a left dorsal area of the scalp at the T4, T6, P4, F4, C4, F8, and FP2 positions, the second subset of sewn of the electrodes being located in mirror-image positions with respect to the first subset in a right dorsal area of the scalp at the T3, T5, P3, F3, C3, F3, and FP1 positions, respectively, one other of the electrodes being a ground electrode and centrally located between the right and left dorsal areas, and two additional electrodes also being centrally located between the right and left dorsal areas, wherein one of the additional electrodes is located above the ground electrode at the PZ position and wherein the other additional electrode is located below the ground electrode at the FZ position, one of said electrodes being located above a left eye of the subject in an FP1 position and another of said electrodes being located above a right eye of the subject in an FP2 position; (b) measuring a brain wave activity of the subject via said electrodes as voltage versus time analog measurements while the subject verbally describes a plurality of false events and true events over a time interval and rejecting epochs on a basis, said basis comprising determining a relative power of delta waves from the FP1 position; (c) converting the analog measurements to a plurality N of digital numbers wherein each number represents a relative amplitude of a voltage signal from each of at least eighteen electrodes compared to at least two electrically interconnected reference electrodes connected to each ear, at a specific time-point in the time interval; (d) converting the plurality N of digital numbers to their base 10 logarithmic equivalent to obtain a like plurality of logarithmic numbers NL ; (e) identifying a plurality of epochs within the time interval; and
then categorizing each epoch into one of four event spectra in the time interval, the spectra being identified as (i) a first spectrum comprising numbers occurring before a known statement of a truth by the subject, (ii) a second spectrum comprising numbers occurring during a known statement of a lie by the subject, (iii) a third spectrum comprising numbers occurring before a known statement of the lie by the subject, and (iv) a fourth spectrum comprising numbers occurring during a known statement of the truth by the subject;(f) selecting four subsets E1, E2, E3, and E4 from the plurality of logarithmic numbers NL, the four subsets E1, E2, E3, and E4 being grouped in time-related subsets which relate directly to said four event spectra, respectively; (g) computing a first equation consisting of a before-lie stepwise regression equation using a portion of the subsets E1 and E3 of logarithmic numbers NL from said first and third spectrums; (h) computing a second equation consisting of a during-lie stepwise regression equation using a portion of the subsets E2 and E4 of logarithmic numbers NL from said second and fourth spectrums; (i) computing a third equation consisting of a before-truth stepwise regression equation using a portion of the subsets E1 and E3 of digital numbers NL from said first and third spectrums and computing a fourth equation consisting of a during-truth stepwise regression equation using a portion of the subset E2 and E4 of digital numbers NL from said second and fourth spectrums; (j) examining the subject in an examination regarding other subject matter within the time interval with at least one question and requiring an answer to said question; (k) measuring the brain wave activity of the subject via said electrodes as voltage versus time analog measurements while the subject verbally answers at least the one question; (l) converting the analog measurements taken during said examination to a plurality M of digital numbers wherein each number represents the relative amplitude of the voltage signal from each electrode at a specific point during the examination of the subject; (m) convening the plurality M of digital numbers to their base 10 logarithmic equivalent to obtain a like plurality of logarithmic numbers ME ; (n) correlating the plurality of logarithmic numbers ME to the time spectra corresponding to the at least one said answer provided by the subject during said examination; (o) comparing the plurality of logarithmic numbers ME and the plurality of digital numbers M related to the time spectra for the answers provided by the subject with a plurality of predicted values provided by the first, second, third, and fourth equations; (p) selecting a series of examination epochs from said time interval and representing said series by the plurality of logarithmic numbers ME occurring therein, each of the logarithmic number ME having an actual value; (q) testing each said answer provided by the subject during said series by a quantitatively numerical comparison of the actual values of the plurality of logarithmic numbers ME representing the series the plurality of predicted values by the first, second, third, or fourth equations, respectively;
p1 (r) indicating that the response provided by the subject during said examination epoch is true upon concurrence of the following;(1) The actual values of the plurality of logarithmic numbers ME occurring during said series substantially match approximately 95% of the values predicted by the first and second equations; and (2) The actual values of a plurality of digital numbers M occurring during said series substantially match approximately 95% of the values predicted by the third and fourth equations. - View Dependent Claims (8)
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9. A system for determining whether a statement made by a subject is true or false by questioning during an examination comprising:
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(a) A central processing unit; (b) a video monitor connected to the central processing unit; (c) a video recorder and an audio recorder connected to the central processing unit; (d) means for communicating verbal instructions and a question to the subject from an examiner connected to said audio recorder, said audio recorder being interconnected to the central processing unit; (e) means for the examiner to receive a responsive answer from the subject connected to said audio recorder, said recorders being interconnected to the central processing unit; (f) means for displaying a real time video image of the subject on a first part of the monitor interconnected to the central processing unit; (g) means for electrically conductively attaching at least eighteen electrodes to a scalp of the subject where the scalp overlies a pair of frontal lobes of the subject'"'"'s brain, said electrodes being non-standardly arranged at positions C3, C4, F3, F4, F7, F8, FP2, FP1, P3, P4, T3, T4, T5, T6, PZ, CZ, FZ and ground, a set of fourteen of the nineteen electrodes, comprised of first and second subsets of seven electrodes each being located on the scalp, said set of fourteen being equally divided and dispersed in mirror-image positions in an anterior portion of the scalp, the first subset of seven of the electrodes being located in a left dorsal area of the scalp at the scalp T4, T6, P4, F4, C4, F8, and FP2 positions, the second subset of seven of the electrodes being located in mirror-image positions with respect to the first subset in a right dorsal area of the scalp at the T3, T5, P3, F3, C3, F3, and FP1 positions, respectively, one other of the electrodes being a ground electrode and centrally located between the right and left dorsal areas, and two additional electrodes also being centrally located between the right and left dorsal areas, wherein one is located above the ground electrode at the PZ position and wherein the other one is located below the ground electrode at the FZ position, one of said electrodes being located above a left eye of the subject in the FP1 position and another of said electrodes being located above a right eye of the subject in the FP2 position interconnected to the central processing unit; (h) means for measuring a brain wave activity of the subject via said electrodes as voltage versus time analog measurements, while the subject verbally describes a plurality of false events and true events within a predetermined time interval, interconnected to the central processing unit, and means for selectively rejecting some measurements based upon a relative power of the delta wave signals from the electrode in the FP1 position and the electrode in the FP2 position interconnected to the central processing unit; (i) means fix displaying said analog voltage measurements on a second portion of said monitor simultaneously with the image of the subject interconnected to the central processing unit; (j) means for converting the analog measurements to a plurality N of digital numbers, wherein each number represents the relative amplitude of the voltage signal from each of seventeen electrodes selected from the at least eighteen electrodes compared to a centrally located ground electrode at a specific point in time within said time interval, interconnected to the central processing unit;
said system further comprising,(k) first computer means for converting the plurality N of digital numbers to their base 10 logarithmic equivalent to obtain a like plurality of logarithmic numbers NL ; (l) second computer means for identifying a plurality of epochs within the time interval; and
then categorizing each epoch into one of four event spectra in said time interval, the spectra being identified to the second computer means as (i) a first spectrum comprising occurring before a known statement of a truth by the subject, (ii) a second spectrum comprising occurring during a known statement of a lie by the subject, (iii) a third spectrum comprising occurring before a known statement of the lie by the subject, and (iv) a fourth spectrum comprising occurring during a known statement of the truth by the subject;(m) third computer means for selecting four subsets E1, E2, E3, and E4 from the plurality of logarithmic numbers NL, the four subsets E1, E2, E3, and E4 being grouped in time-related subsets which relate directly to said four event spectra, respectively; (n) fourth computer means for computing a first equation consisting of a before-lie versus before-truth stepwise regression equation using at least a portion of the subset E1 of logarithmic numbers NL from said first spectrum; (o) fifth computer means for computing a second equation consisting of a during-lie versus during-truth stepwise regression equation using at least a portion of the subset E2 of logarithmic numbers NL from said second spectrum; (p) sixth computer means for computing a third equation consisting of a before-truth versus before-lie stepwise regression equation using at least a portion of the subset E3 of logarithmic numbers NL from said third spectrum; (q) seventh computer means for computing a fourth equation consisting of a during-truth versus during-lie stepwise regression equation using at least a portion of the subset E4 of logarithmic numbers NL from said fourth spectrum; (r) a recording means connected to audio multiplexer connected to a first microphone adapted to transmit verbal responses from the subject, the audio multiplexer also being connected to a second microphone adapted for verbally examining the subject via said means for communicating verbal instructions and at least one question to the subject from the examiner and requiring an answer within said predetermined time interval, said recording means recording from said microphone and said means for communicating verbal instructions; (s) signal processor means for digitizing the measurements of brain wave activity of the subject via said electrodes as voltage versus time analog measurements while the subject verbally answers the questions into discrete numbers corresponding to specific points in said time interval; (t) eighth computer means for converting the analog measurements taken during said examination to a plurality M of digital numbers wherein each number represents the relative amplitude of the voltage signal from each electrode at a specific point during said examination of the subject; (u) ninth computer means for convening the plurality M of digital numbers to their base 10 logarithmic equivalent to obtain a like plurality of logarithmic numbers ME ; (v) tenth computer means for correlating the plurality of logarithmic numbers ME to the time spectra corresponding to an answer provided by the subject during said examination; (w) eleventh computer means for comparing the plurality of logarithmic numbers ME related to the time spectra for said answer provided by the subject with the predicted values provided by the first, second, third, and fourth equations; (x) twelfth computer means for storing a selected series of epochs from said time interval and representing said series by the plurality of logarithmic numbers ME occurring therein; (y) thirteenth computer means for quantitatively numerically comparing data arising in the course of said answer provided by the subject during the selected series by a numerical comparison of the actual values of at least a portion of the plurality of logarithmic numbers ME with the values predicted by the first, second, third, or fourth equation, respectively; (z) indicator means for indicating that said answer provided by the subject is either true or false connected to a fourteenth computer means for calculating a concurrence of the following; (1) That at least a portion of actual values of the plurality of logarithmic numbers ME occurring during the selected series substantially match approximately 95% of the values predicted by the third equation; and (2) That at least a portion of the actual values of a plurality of logarithmic numbers ME occurring during said series selected from epochs preceding said answer substantially match at least 95% of the values predicted by the first equation, said system further comprising; Said first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteen computer means being integrated into said central processing unit, said central processing unit being adapted to receive digital signals from said signal processor, said central processing unit being further adapted to direct first digital signals representing what is shown on the first portion of said monitor to said video recorder, said central processing unit being further adapted to direct second digital signals representing an image of said subject to said video recorder, and said central processing unit being further adapted to direct third digital signals representing the image displayed on the third portion of said monitor to said video recorder. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12)
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Specification