Three-dimensional SPECT reconstruction of combined cone-beam and fan-beam data

• US 5,565,684 A
• Filed: 06/30/1995
• Issued: 10/15/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: University of Utah (State of Utah)
• Original Assignee: University of Utah (State of Utah)
• Inventors: Gullberg, Grant T., Zeng, Gengsheng L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Porta, David P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BRUCE, DAVID VERNON
• Application Number:
  US08/497,620
• Time in Patent Office: 473 Days
• Field of Search: 250/363.02, 250/363.04, 250/363.1, 364/413.24
• US Class Current: 250/363.04
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/1615 using both transmission and emission sources simultaneously SPECT imaging G01T1/1642; PET imaging G01T1/2985; detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects G01V5/20
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/1648 Ancillary equipment for scintillation cameras, e.g. reference markers, devices for removing motion artifacts, calibration devices adapted for flow studies G01T1/1647

Abstract

A SPECT system includes three gam camera heads (22a), (22b), (22c) which are mounted to a gantry (20) for rotation about a subject (12). The subject is injected with a source of emission radiation, which emission radiation is received by the camera heads. Camera head (22a) has a fan-beam collimator (24a) mounted on a radiation receiving face and generates fan-beam data indicative of the received emission radiation. The camera heads (22b) and (22c) each have a cone-beam collimator (24b), (24c) mounted respectively on their radiation receiving face and generate cone-beam data indicative of the received emission radiation. A transmission radiation source (26) is mounted opposite the camera head (22a) having the fan-beam collimator (24a). The fan-beam detector head (22a) further receives transmission radiation and generates fan-beam transmission radiation indicative thereof. A transmission data reconstruction processor (50) reconstructs the fan-beam transmission data. An emission data memory (110) separately stores the fan-beam and cone-beam emission data. Attenuation correction processors (78, 86) correct the emission data in accordance with the reconstructed attenuation data. An emission data reconstructor (72) reconstructs the corrected emission data into a corresponding three-dimensional image representation which is selectively displayed on a display (76) in a human-readable form.

Claims

1. In a gamma camera system for diagnostic imaging having at least first and second gamma camera heads disposed for movement around and facing an examination region, each gamma camera head receiving radiation from the examination region and producing electronic data indicative thereof, the improvement comprising:

a fan-beam collimator mounted on a radiation receiving face of the first gamma camera head, such that the first gamma camera head generates fan-beam data indicative of the received emission radiation;

a cone-beam collimator mounted on a radiation receiving face of the second gamma camera head, such that the second gamma camera head generates cone-beam data indicative of the received emission radiation; and

,

a reconstruction processor for reconstructing a three-dimensional image representation from the cone-beam and fan-beam data.

2. In the gamma camera system as set forth in claim 1, the improvement further comprising:

a transmission radiation source disposed across the examination region and opposite from the first camera head such that the first camera head receives both emission radiation from a radiopharmaceutical in the examination region and transmission radiation from the transmission radiation source and produces emission and transmission data indicative thereof, and the second gamma camera head is disposed to receive emission radiation from the radiopharmaceutical from the examination region.

3. In the gamma camera system as set forth in claim 2, the improvement further comprising the transmission radiation source being one of a line source, a point source, and a bar source.

4. In the gamma camera system as set forth in claim 2, the improvement further comprising:

a transmission data reconstruction processor for reconstructing the transmission data from the first camera head;

an attenuation corrector for correcting the emission data with the reconstructed transmission data for attenuation of the emission radiation; and

,

an emission data reconstruction processor for reconstructing the corrected emission data into a corresponding three-dimensional image representation.

5. In the gamma camera system as set forth in claim 4, the improvement further comprising:

the attenuation corrector includes;

a fan-beam attenuation corrector for correcting the fan-beam emission data in accordance with the reconstructed transmission data; and

,

a cone-beam attenuation corrector for correcting the cone-beam emission data in accordance with the reconstructed transmission data.

6. In the gamma camera system as set forth in claim 1, the improvement further comprising:

a first reconstruction processor for reconstructing the fan-beam data by backprojection;

a forward projector for forward projecting the reconstructed fan-beam data into first Radon domain data;

a first partial derivative means for taking a partial derivative of the first Radon domain data;

a line integral means for forming line integrals of the cone-beam data;

a second partial derivative means for taking a partial derivative of the line integrals;

a rebinning means for rebinning the differentiated cone-beam line integrals into second Radon domain data;

a combiner for combining the first and second Radon domain data;

a normalizer for normalizing the combined Radon domain data;

a second reconstruction processor for reconstructing by backprojection of the normalized Radon domain data into a corresponding three-dimensional image representation;

a monitor for selectively displaying portions of the three-dimensional image representations.

7. A method of generating diagnostic images of an interior portion of a subject, the method comprising:

injecting the subject with a radiopharmaceutical which emits emission radiation;

collimating the emission radiation travelling toward a first detector into a plurality of fan-beam rays which diverge from a common focal line;

converting the fan-beam rays into emission fan-beam data with the first detector;

collimating the emission radiation travelling toward a second detector into a plurality of cone-beam rays which diverge from a common focal point;

converting the cone-beam rays into emission cone-beam data with the second detector;

rotating the fan-beam focal line and the cone-beam focal point, the fan-beam and cone-beam rays, and the first and second detectors around the subject;

reconstructing a common volumetric image representation from the fan-beam and cone-beam data;

selectively converting portions of the volumetric image representation into the diagnostic images.

8. The method as set forth in claim 7 further including:

directing transmission radiation photons through the subject from a transmission radiation photon source disposed at the fan-beam focal line;

concurrently detecting transmission radiation that has passed through the subject and the emission radiation travelling along the plurality of fan-beam rays with a first detector to generate the emission fan-beam data and fan-beam transmission data; and

,

reconstructing the emission data into the volumetric image representation.

9. The method as set forth in claim 8 further including:

collimating the emission radiation travelling toward a third detector into a plurality of cone-beam rays which diverge from a second cone-beam focal point;

converting the cone-beam data into Radon planar integrals;

combining the emission Radon planar integrals of the data from the second and third detectors prior to the reconstructing step.

10. The method as set forth in claim 8 wherein the correcting step further includes:

reconstructing the fan-beam transmission data into a three-dimensional representation;

deriving cone-beam attenuation correction factors from the three-dimensional reconstruction, which cone-beam attenuation factors correspond to attenuation along rays of the cone-beam;

deriving fan-beam attenuation correction factors from the three-dimensional reconstruction, which fan-beam attenuation factors correspond to attenuation along rays of the fan-beam; and

,

combining corresponding attenuation factors with the emission fan-beam data and the emission cone-beam data.

11. The method as set forth in claim 7 further including:

reconstructing the fan-beam emission data;

forward projecting the reconstructed fan-beam emission data into first Radon domain data;

taking a partial derivative of the first Radon domain data;

scaling the cone-beam data;

forming line integrals of the scaled cone-beam data;

taking partial derivatives of the line integrals;

rebinning the differentiated cone-beam line integrals to form second Radon domain data;

combining the first and second Radon domain data;

normalizing the combined Radon domain data; and

,

reconstructing the combined first and second Radon domain data into the common volumetric image representation.

12. The method as set forth in claim 11 wherein the step of forming line integrals of the cone-beam data includes:

taking first derivatives with respect to the axes of the second detector;

weighting the derivatives in accordance with an angle between the detector axes and a vector direction;

combining the weighted derivatives with respect to the second detector axes;

and wherein the partial derivative taking step includes taking the partial derivative with respect to the vector direction.

13. A gamma camera system for diagnostic imaging comprising:

a first, second, and third gamma heads disposed for movement around and facing an examination region, each gamma camera head receiving emission radiation from the examination region and producing emission data indicative thereof;

a fan-beam collimator mounted on the first gamma camera head;

a cone-beam collimator mounted on each of the second and third gamma camera heads;

a transmission radiation source disposed across the examination region and opposite from the first gamma camera head, the first gamma camera head generating both fan-beam emission data from the received emission radiation from the examination region and fan-beam transmission data from the received transmission radiation; and

,

a reconstruction processor for reconstructing a three-dimensional image representation from the fan-beam transmission data, the fan-beam emission data, and the cone-beam emission data.