Voltage regulator that operates in either PWM or PFM mode

• US 5,568,044 A
• Filed: 09/27/1994
• Issued: 10/22/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 09/27/1994
• Status: Expired

• Current Assignee: Micrel Incorporated (Microchip Technology Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Micrel Incorporated (Microchip Technology Incorporated)
• Inventors: Bittner, Harry J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Riley, Shawn
• Application Number:
  US08/313,489
• Time in Patent Office: 756 Days
• Field of Search: 363/21, 363/41, 363/23, 323/268, 323/284, 323/272, 323/271, 323/224, 323/285, 323/286, 323/287
• US Class Current: 323/272
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0032 Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1588 comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A switching voltage regulator achieves high efficiency by automatically switching between a pulse frequency modulation (PFM) mode and a pulse-width modulation (PWM) mode. Switching between the modes of voltage regulation is accomplished by monitoring the output voltage and the output current, wherein the regulator operates in PFM mode at small output currents and in PWM mode at moderate to large output currents. PFM mode maintains a constant output voltage by forcing the switching device to skip cycles when the output voltage exceeds its nominal value. In PWM mode, a PWM signal having a variable duty cycle controls the switching device. A constant output voltage is maintained by feedback circuitry which alters the duty cycle of the PWM signal according to fluctuations in the output voltage.

Claims

1. A method performed by a switching regulator comprising the steps of:

generating a regulated output voltage and an output current at an output terminal of said regulator using a switching device, said switching device having an on state and an off state, said switching device providing said output current;

comparing one or more signals corresponding to said output current to one or more threshold current levels, said one or more threshold current levels corresponding to predetermined output current levels;

generating one or more first control signals in response to said step of comparing;

controlling said switching device with a first control circuit in response to said one or more first control signals indicating said output current is greater than a first current level, wherein said first control circuit comprises;

a square wave generator outputting a square wave having a first frequency and having a duty cycle corresponding to said regulated output voltage at said output terminal, said square wave generator controlling the on and off states of said switching device; and

a first feedback circuit for generating an error signal based on a difference between a voltage corresponding to said output voltage at said output terminal and a first reference voltage level and varying the duty cycle of said square wave generator in response to said error signal to cause said output voltage to be of a predetermined voltage level; and

controlling said switching device with second control circuit in response to said one or more first control signals indicating said output current is less than said first current level by a predetermined amount, wherein said second control circuit comprises;

a signal generator outputting a switching signal having afixed duty cycle and having a second frequency, said signal generator controlling the on and off states of said switching device, wherein said second frequency is less than said first frequency; and

a second feedback circuit for generating a disable signal when said output voltage at said output terminal exceeds a second reference voltage level, said disable signal forcing said signal generator to skip one or more cycles to cause said output voltage to be of said predetermined voltage level.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said predetermined amount is zero.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said predetermined amount is greater than zero.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:

comparing said output voltage at said output terminal with a third reference voltage level;

generating a second control signal in response to said step of comparing said output voltage;

and

controlling said switching device with said first control circuit in response to said second control signal indicating said output voltage at said output terminal is less than said third reference voltage level.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein said switching device comprises a first MOSFET device, said one or more signals corresponding to said output current in said step of comparing being determined by comparing a voltage at a terminal of said first MOSFET device to one or more threshold voltage levels, said threshold voltage levels corresponding to said predetermined output current levels.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein said threshold voltage levels include a voltage at a terminal of a second MOSFET device having characteristics substantially identical to said first MOSFET device, said second MOSFET device conducting a fixed reference current.