Optical waveguiding component comprising a band-pass filter

• US 5,570,440 A
• Filed: 08/02/1995
• Issued: 10/29/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 06/17/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: AT&T Corporation (AT&T, Inc.)
• Inventors: Mizrahi, Victor
• Primary Examiner(s): Healy, Brian
• Application Number:
  US08/510,161
• Time in Patent Office: 454 Days
• Field of Search: 385/14, 385/15, 385/24, 385/31, 385/37, 385/42, 385/44, 385/45, 385/49, 385/129, 385/130, 385/131, 385/132, 359/114, 359/115, 359/124, 359/127, 359/130
• US Class Current: 385/37
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02085 characterised by the grating profile, e.g. chirped, apodised, tilted, helical
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/2932 comprising a directional router, e.g. directional coupler, circulator
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/2938 for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM

Abstract

An optical filter is adapted for selectively transmitting electromagnetic radiation within a wavelength passband bounded by a pair of stop bands of relatively low transmissivity. The filter includes at least one Bragg grating formed in a waveguiding optical medium. The Bragg grating has at least one wavelength band of relatively low transmissivity. This low-transmissivity band corresponds to at least a portion of one of the stop bands of the filter.

Claims

1. Apparatus comprising an optical filter for selectively transmitting electromagnetic radiation within a passband of wavelengths that is bounded on respective sides by first and second stop bands of relatively low transmissivity, wherein:

a) the filter comprises a glass waveguiding medium having a core characterized by a core refractive index;

b) the filter further comprises a set of one or more Bragg gratings formed in the medium, each grating at least partly defined by a repetitive pattern of perturbations of the core refractive index;

c) associated with the set of gratings are at least two wavelength bands of relatively low transmissivity;

d) each of said low-transmissivity bands coincides with at least a portion of a respective one of the stop bands;

e) at least one of the low-transmissivity bands is a reflection band of a Bragg grating;

f) the passband is broad enough to substantially transmit a signal channel at least 5 Å

wide;

g) the transmission of at least some wavelengths in each of the low-transmissivity bands is at least 10 dB below the peak transmission in the passband; and

h) the first and second stop bands are each broad enough to substantially exclude wavelengths over a range of at least 10 Å

.

2. Apparatus of claim 1, wherein the passband is broad enough to substantially transmit a signal channel at least 10 Å

wide.

3. Apparatus of claim 1, wherein the waveguiding medium is an optical fiber.

4. Apparatus of claim, 1, wherein:

a) the set of gratings comprises a first and a second Bragg grating, having respective first and second reflection bands of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that are reflected by the corresponding Bragg grating and substantially guided within the waveguiding medium;

b) each of the first and second low-transmissivity bands corresponds to a respective one of the first and second reflection bands;

c) the first Bragg grating has a wavelength band, to be referred to as a radiation band, such that electromagnetic radiation within said radiation band that impinges on the first Bragg grating is at least partially radiated out of the waveguiding medium;

d) the first stop band occurs at longer wavelengths than the second stop band;

e) the first stop band occurs at longer wavelengths than the radiation band; and

f) the passband occurs entirely at longer wavelengths than the radiation band.

5. Apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

a) the set of gratings comprises a first, a second, and a third Bragg grating, having, respectively, a first, a second, and a third wavelength band of relatively low transmissivity;

b) the first low-transmissivity band coincides with at least a portion of the first stop band;

c) the second low-transmissivity band coincides with at least a portion of the second stop band; and

d) the first and third low-transmissivity bands overlap such that the first stop band is wider than the first low-transmissivity band.

6. Apparatus of claim 5, wherein the third Bragg grating is tilted, such that multiple reflections that would otherwise occur between the first and third Bragg gratings are suppressed.

7. Apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of gratings consists of one Bragg grating.

8. Apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of gratings consists of two Bragg gratings.

9. Apparatus of claim 1 or claim 4, wherein the first and second stop bands are each at least 40 Å

wide as measured at a transmission level 10 dB below the peak passband transmission.

10. Apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second stop bands are each at least 20 Å

wide as measured at a transmission level 20 dB below the peak passband transmission.

11. Apparatus comprising an optical filter for selectively transmitting electromagnetic radiation within a passband of wavelengths that is bounded on respective sides by first and second stop bands of relatively low transmissivity, wherein:

a) the filter comprises a glass waveguiding medium having a core characterized by a core refractive index;

b) the filter further comprises a set of one or more Bragg gratings formed in the medium, each grating at least partly defined by a repetitive pattern of perturbations of the core refractive index;

c) associated with the set of gratings are at least two wavelength bands of relatively low transmissivity;

d) each of said low-transmissivity bands coincides with at least a portion of a respective one of the stop bands;

e) the passband is broad enough to transmit a signal channel at least 5 Å

wide;

f) the transmission of at least some wavelengths in each of the low-transmissivity bands is at least 10 dB below the peak transmission in the passband;

g) the set of gratings comprises at least one Bragg grating, to be referred to as a radiative grating, adapted to reflect a first range of wavelengths such that the reflected radiation is substantially guided within the waveguiding medium, and further adapted to cause a second range of wavelengths to be radiated out of the waveguiding medium;

h) at least a portion of the first stop band corresponds to the first of said wavelength ranges; and

i) at least a portion of the second stop band corresponds to the second of said wavelength ranges.

12. Apparatus of claim 11, wherein at least some of the radiated wavelengths correspond to a leaky mode of the waveguiding medium.

13. Apparatus of claim 11, wherein the radiative grating is tilted at a tilt angle, and the second range of wavelengths is determined, at least in part, by the tilt angle.

14. An optical transmission system having plural signal channels, each characterized by a respective range of wavelengths, said transmission system comprising an optical filter having a spectral pass band for selectively transmitting at least one channel and first and second spectral stop bands for attenuating optical transmissions at wavelengths respectively below and above the selected channel, wherein:

a) the filter comprises a glass waveguiding medium having a core characterized by a core refractive index;

b) the filter further comprises a set of one or more Bragg gratings formed in the medium, each grating at least partly defined by a repetitive pattern of perturbations of the core refractive index;

c) associated with the set of gratings are at least two wavelength bands of relatively low transmissivity;

d) each of said low-transmissivity bands coincides with at least a portion of a respective one of the stop bands;

e) at least one of the low-transmissivity bands is a reflection band of a Bragg grating;

f) the passband is broad enough to transmit a signal channel at least 5 Å

wide; and

g) the transmission of at least some wavelengths in each of the low-transmissivity bands is at least 10 dB below the peak transmission in the passband.