Method and means for exploiting fuel having high sulfur content
First Claim
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1. A method comprising:
- a) pyrolyzing a sulfur bearing fuel together with oil shale containing calcium compounds to produce a combustible gaseous product containing entrained particulate, and a carbonaceous residue product;
b) separately combusting said residue product with excess air at a temperature sufficient to produce hot gases and hot particulate;
c) separating said hot particulate from said hot gases to produce substantially particulate-free hot gases;
d) separating particulate from said combustible gaseous product to form combustible gases substantially free of particulate; and
e) mixing said substantially particle-free hot gases with said combustible gases substantially free of particulate to form a gaseous mixture substantially free of particulate.
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Abstract
High sulfur content fuel is combusted in the presence of oil shale containing significant amounts of calcium carbonate so that the sulfur and calcium carbonate oxidize and react to form calcium sulfate particulate which captures the sulfur and in the fuel and prevents its release to the atmosphere.
87 Citations
24 Claims
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1. A method comprising:
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a) pyrolyzing a sulfur bearing fuel together with oil shale containing calcium compounds to produce a combustible gaseous product containing entrained particulate, and a carbonaceous residue product; b) separately combusting said residue product with excess air at a temperature sufficient to produce hot gases and hot particulate; c) separating said hot particulate from said hot gases to produce substantially particulate-free hot gases; d) separating particulate from said combustible gaseous product to form combustible gases substantially free of particulate; and e) mixing said substantially particle-free hot gases with said combustible gases substantially free of particulate to form a gaseous mixture substantially free of particulate. - View Dependent Claims (2)
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3. A method for using sulfur-bearing crude oil comprising steps of:
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a) processing said crude oil to produce at least one essentially sulfur free component and sulfur rich component; b) mixing the sulfur rich component with oil shale containing calcium carbonate to obtain a mixture; and c) pyrolyzing said mixture to produce combustible gases, particulates of calcium compounds entrained in said combustible gases, and a carbonaceous residue containing calcium compounds; (d) combusting said residue with excess air to produce hot particulate that includes calcium sulfate, and hot gases; (e) separating particulate from said hot gases to form hot gases substantially free of particulate; (f) separating particulate from said combustible gases to form combustible gases substantially free of particulate; and g) mixing said hot gases substantially free of particulate with said combustible gases substantially free of particulate to form a gaseous mixture substantially free of particulate. - View Dependent Claims (4, 6, 7, 8)
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5. A method comprising:
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a) pyrolyzing with heat provided by hot particulate, a sulfur bearing fuel together with oil shale containing calcium compounds to produce a combustible gaseous product containing entrained particulate, and a carbonaceous residue product; b) combusting said residue product with excess air to produce hot gases and hot particulate entrained in said hot gases; c) separating said hot particulate from said hot gases to produce substantially particulate-free hot gases, and supplying the separated hot particulate to the pyrolysis of step (a) above; and d) separating particulate from said combustible gaseous product to form combustible gases substantially free of particulate.
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9. A method for using sulfur-bearing crude oil comprising steps of:
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(a) processing said crude oil to produce an essentially sulfur free component and a sulfur rich component; (b) mixing said sulfur rich component with oil shale containing calcium carbonate to obtain a mixture; (c) pyrolyzing said mixture with heat provided by hot particulate to produce a combustible gas containing entrained particulate, and a carbonaceous residue; (d) combusting said carbonaceous residue with excess air to produce hot particulate entrained in hot gases; (e) separating particulate entrained in said combustible gas to form combustible gas substantially free of particulate; (f) separating hot particulate entrained in said hot gases to produce hot gases substantially free of particulate, and supplying the separated hot particulate to the pyrolysis of step (c) above; and (g) combining said combustible gas substantially free of particulate with said hot gases substantially free of particulate to form a gaseous mixture substantially free of particulate. - View Dependent Claims (10)
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11. A method comprising;
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a) pyrolyzing with heat provided by applied hot particulate, a sulfur bearing fuel together with oil shale containing calcium compounds to produce a combustible gaseous product in which particulate is entrained, and a carbonaceous residue; b) separately combusting said residue with excess air to produce hot particulate entrained in hot gases; c) separating hot particulate entrained in said combustible gaseous products to form combustible gases substantially free of particulate; d) separating hot particulate entrained in said hot gases to produce hot gases substantially free of particulate, and a stream of hot particulate; e) applying said stream of hot particulate to the pyrolysis of step (a) above; and f) combining said combustible gases substantially free of particulate with said hot gases substantially free of particulate to form a gaseous mixture substantially free of particulate. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. Apparatus comprising:
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a) a mixer for mixing a sulfur bearing, non-solid fuel with oil shale containing calcium carbonate to form a mixture; b) a pyrolysis chamber for pyrolyzing said mixture and producing combustible gases, calcium compound particulate entrained in said combustible gases, and a residue; c) a reaction chamber for receiving said residue and reacting the same with excess air to form a mixture of hot gases and calcium sulfate particulate entrained in said hot gases; d) a separator for separating particulate from said hot gases to form hot gases substantially free of particulate; e) a separator for separating particulate from said combustible gases to form combustible gases substantially free of particulate; f) means for mixing the combustible gases substantially free of particulate with the hot gases substantially free of particulate to form a gaseous mixture. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19)
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20. Apparatus comprising:
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a) a fuel source containing two different fuels, one being calcium-bearing oil shale, and the other being sulfur-bearing fuel; b) a pyrolyzer constructed and arranged to pyrolyze applied fuels using heat provided by hot particulate to produce a combustible gaseous product containing entrained particulate, and a carbonaceous residue product; c) means for applying said different fuels to said pyrolyzer; d) a combustor for combusting said residue product with excess air to produce hot gases and hot particulate entrained in said hot gases; e) a first separator for separating said hot particulate from said hot gases; f) means for applying hot particulate from said first separator to said pyrolyzer; and g) a second separator for separating particulate from said combustible gaseous product to form combustible gases substantially free of particulate. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23)
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24. Apparatus comprising:
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a) a mixer for mixing a sulfur bearing fuel with oil shale to form a mixture; b) a pyrolysis chamber for pyrolyzing said mixture with heat from applied hot particulate, and producing hot combustible gases in which particulate material is entrained, and a residue c) a combustion chamber for receiving said residue and combusting the same with excess air to form a mixture of hot gases and entrained particulate; d) a separator for separating particulate material entrained in said combustible gases to form combustible gases substantially free of particulate; d) a separator for separating particulate entrained in said hot gases to produce hot gases substantially free of particulate, and a stream of hot particulate; e) means for applying said stream of hot particulate to said pyrolysis chamber; and f) means for combining said combustible gases substantially free of particulate with said hot gases substantially free of particulate to form a gaseous mixture substantially free of particulate.
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Specification