Analysis/synthesis-based microphone array speech enhancer with variable signal distortion

• US 5,574,824 A
• Filed: 04/14/1995
• Issued: 11/12/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 04/11/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The United States of America As Represented By The Secretary of Agriculture
• Original Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force
• Inventors: Anderson, Timothy R., Slyh, Raymond E., Moses, Randolph L.
• Primary Examiner(s): MacDonald, Allen R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dorvil, Richemond
• Application Number:
  US08/422,729
• Time in Patent Office: 578 Days
• Field of Search: 395/2, 395/2.25, 395/2.72, 395/2.29, 395/2.35, 395/2.42,2.14, 395/2.77
• US Class Current: 704/226
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 2021/02161 Number of inputs available containing the signal or the noise to be suppressed
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 2021/02166 Microphone arrays; Beamforming
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 21/0208 Noise filtering

Abstract

A microphone array speech enhancement algorithm based on analysis/synthesis filtering that allows for variable signal distortion. The algorithm is used to suppress additive noise and interference. The processing structure consists of delaying the received signals so that the desired signal components add coherently, filtering each of the delayed signals through an analysis filter bank, summing the corresponding channel outputs from the sensors, applying a gain function to the channel outputs, and combining the weighted channel outputs using a synthesis filter. The structure uses two different gain functions, both of which are based on cross correlations of the channel signals from the two sensors. The first gain yields the GEQ-I array, which performs best for the case of a desired speech signal corrupted by uncorrelated white background noise. The second gain yields the GEQ-II array, which performs best for the case where there are more signals than microphones. The GEQ-II gain allows for a trade-off on a channel-dependent basis of additional signal degradation in exchange for additional noise and interference suppression.

Claims

1. Apparatus which relates to a microphone array speech enhancement algorithm based on analysis/synthesis filtering that allows for variable signal distortion, which is used to suppress additive noise and interference;

wherein the apparatus comprises a microphone array of K sensors, processing structure means for delaying received signals so that desired signal components add coherently, means for filtering each delayed signal through an analysis filter bank to generate a plurality of channel signals, means for summing corresponding channel signals from said sensors, means for applying a signal degrading and noise suppressing independent weighting gain to each said channel signal, and means for combining gain-weighted channel signals using a synthesis filter.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, which is a Graphic Equalizer (GEQ) array with K=2, and said K sensors comprise first and second sensors, wherein said means for filtering each of said delayed signals includes means employing a short-time discrete cosine transform, and said means for applying a different weighting gain to each said channel uses a function which is based on a cross correlation of channel signals from said sensors.

3. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said means for applying a gain to the channel outputs uses means for calculating a gain function (GEQ-II array) for a channel n and a time k, comprising means for applying a rectangular window of length N_C centered about time k to output sequences from the nth channel of the first and second sensors, N_C being an adjustable parameter, to provide a process which yields first and second vectors of length N_C, means for computing the sum of the squares of the elements in the first vector, which yields an energy of the first vector, means for computing the sum of the squares of the elements in the second vector, which yields an energy of the second vector, means for forming a geometric mean of said two energies by taking a square root of a product of the two energies, means for computing a cross correlation between the two vectors (i.e. computing the product of the transpose of the first vector with the second vector), means for forming a correlation coefficient by dividing the cross correlation by the geometric mean of the two energies, and means for taking the absolute value of the correlation coefficient to the b(n) power and multiplying the result by 1/2, b(n) being an adjustable parameter.

4. Microphone-array apparatus comprising:

A. a plurality of microphone elements for converting acoustic signals into electrical microphone output signals;

B. analysis filtering means connected with said microphone output signals for generating a plurality of channel signals for each of said microphone output signals, each microphone output signal connecting with an identical different analysis filtering element and each said different analysis filtering element having corresponding output channels of like frequency characteristics;

C. channel summing means, including an identical different channel summing element connected with each said analysis filtering element output channel of like frequency characteristics, to generate a plurality of like-channel sum signals;

D. weighting means, including a plurality of weighting elements each connected to one of said like-channel sum signals, for generating weighted like-channel sum signals and for trading additional degradation of a selected signal component in each said like-channel sum signal for additional suppression of noise and interference components present in said like-channel sum signal, each said like-channel sum signal trade being independent of each other such trade;

E. synthesis filtering means for filtering and combining said weighted like-channel sum signals into an output signal.

5. The microphone-array apparatus of claim 4 wherein said synthesis filtering means output signal comprises a non filtered summation of said weighted like-channel sum signals.

6. The microphone-array apparatus of claim 4 wherein:

said apparatus further includes delaying means located between said microphone elements and said analysis filtering means;

said delaying means being connected with a microphone output electrical signal of each microphone in said array for generating a plurality of coherently combinable delayed microphone output signals.

7. The microphone-array apparatus of claim 6 wherein said synthesis filtering means output signal comprises a non filtered summation of said weighted like-channel sum signals.

8. Additive noise and interference-suppressing microphone array speech enhancement apparatus comprising the combination of:

a K element array of microphones each connected to an input signal path;

an array of signal delaying elements, each of coherent signal-addition-enabling delay interval, located in said input signal paths;

an array of similar analysis filters located one in each of said input signal paths, each said analysis filter having a plurality of selected frequency components-inclusive signal output channels;

a signal summing element connected to a corresponding signal output channel of each said analysis filter;

an array of weighting function elements each connected to an output port of a signal summing element;

each of said weighting function elements including an independently determined and signal cross correlation-controlled gain selection element;

each of said gain selection elements having an increased signal distortion with increased noise suppression characteristic;

an output signal generating synthesis filter element connected with an output signal port of each said weighting function element.