Low-pressure neural contact structure

• US 5,575,813 A
• Filed: 04/28/1995
• Issued: 11/19/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 09/11/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Eye And Ear Infirmary (Foundation of The Massachusetts Eye and EAR Infirmary Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Edell, David J., Wyatt, John L. Jr., Rizzo, Joseph III
• Primary Examiner(s): Prebilic, Paul B.
• Application Number:
  US08/394,719
• Time in Patent Office: 571 Days
• Field of Search: 623/24, 623/25, 128/642, 607/116, 607/118
• US Class Current: 607/116
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0543 Retinal electrodes

Abstract

A low-pressure neural contact structure for contact with neural tissue, for example, neural tissue of the retina within which are ganglion cells to be electrically stimulated. The contact structure comprises a first portion for attachment to a first bodily location, such as the inner surface of the retina, and a second portion interconnected with the first portion via an interconnection and being held in contact with the neural tissue. The interconnection exhibits a weak restoring force which in conjunction with the geometry of said second portion provides a preselected desired pressure of contact against the neural tissue. As adapted for the retina, the interconnection exhibits a weak restoring force developed in response to curvature of the interconnection along the inner radius of the retina.

Claims

1. A low-pressure neural contact structure for contact with neural tissue, comprising:

a first portion for anchoring said neural contact structure to a bodily location, and

a second portion adapted to contact said neural tissue, said second portion interconnected with said first portion via an interconnection easily conforming to contours in said neural tissue to exhibit a weak restoring force in response to curvature of the interconnection to provide a desired pressure of contact of said second portion against said neural tissue of below 10 mm mercury, the desired pressure sufficient to permit stimulation of the neural tissue without damage to said neural tissue.

2. The neural contact of claim 1 wherein said second portion comprises a stimulation electrode structure for stimulating neurons within said neural tissue.

3. The neural contact of claim 1 wherein said first portion and said second portion together comprise an integral structure.

4. The neural contact of claim 1 wherein said first portion and said second portion comprise distinct structures.

5. The neural contact of claim 3 wherein said integral structure comprises a homogeneous material.

6. The neural contact of claim 5 wherein said integral structure is of a generally rectangular geometry.

7. The neural contact of claim 6 wherein said integral structure comprises a cantilever.

8. The neural contact of either of claims 6 or 7 wherein said integral structure comprises silicon.

9. The neural contact of either of claims 6 or 7 wherein said integral structure comprises silicon nitride.

10. The neural contact of either of claims 6 or 7 wherein said integral structure comprises a material which can be elastically deformed.

11. The neural contact of claim 2 wherein said neurons comprise autonomic nervous tissue associated with bladder function.

12. The neural contact of claim 2 wherein said neurons are associated with activation of paretic limbs.

13. The neural contact of claim 1 wherein said second portion comprises a transducing electrode structure for sensing neuronal activity of said neural tissue.

14. The neural contact of claim 13 wherein said neural tissue comprises dorsal root ganglion neurons.

15. The neural contact of claim 1 wherein said second portion comprises a transducing electrode structure for sensing a chemical parameter associated with neurons within said neural tissue.

16. The neural contact of claim 2 wherein said second portion further comprises mechanical support for a transducing electrode structure positioned on said second portion for sensing a chemical parameter associated with neurons within said neural tissue.

17. The neural contact of claim 1 wherein said second portion comprises a transducing electrode structure for sensing a physical parameter associated with neurons within said neural tissue.

18. The neural contact of claim 15 wherein said chemical parameter comprises oxygen concentration.

19. The neural contact of claim 17 wherein said physical parameter comprises temperature.

20. The neural contact of claim 2 wherein said second portion further comprises mechanical support for a transducing electrode structure positioned on said second portion for sensing a physical parameter associated with neurons within said neural tissue.

21. The neural contact of claim 1 wherein said second portion comprises a structure adapted to disperse chemicals into said neural tissue.

22. A neural contact structure for contact with neural tissue, comprising:

a first portion for anchoring to a location on the neural tissue;

an elongated element extending from the first portion and easily conforming to contours in a surface of the neural tissue to exhibit a weak restoring force in response to curvature of the elongated element to provide a pressure to the surface no greater than 10 mm mercury, the pressure sufficient to permit stimulation of the neural tissue without damage to said neural tissue.

23. The structure of claim 22 further comprising a neural stimulatory electrode supported on said elongated element.

24. The structure of claim 23 wherein a part of said elongated element that is in contact with said neural tissue is at a position remote from said first portion.

25. The structure of claim 22 wherein said elongated element comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicon, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide.

26. The structure of claim 22 wherein said first portion, neural stimulatory electrode, and elongated element are integral with each other.