Apparatus and method for controlling an electrical load and monitoring control operations and the electrical load

• US 5,576,700 A
• Filed: 08/26/1992
• Issued: 11/19/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 08/26/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Comverge Incorporated (Itron, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Scientific-Atlanta (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Massara, James M., Davis, Glenn A.
• Primary Examiner(s): ZIMMERMAN, BRIAN A
• Application Number:
  US07/935,837
• Time in Patent Office: 1,546 Days
• Field of Search: 364/184, 364/283, 364/292, 364/431.01, 364/464.04, 364/493, 340/825.16, 340/870.02, 340/870.05, 340/870.07, 340/870.08, 340/310 A, 340/310 R, 340/310 CP, 340/870.16, 340/825.06, 307/38
• US Class Current: 340/3.31
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00002 characterised by monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00022 using wireless data transmission
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00028 involving the use of Internet protocols
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/30 State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/126 using wireless data transmission

Abstract

A method and apparatus for controlling an electrical load in an electrical load management system and monitoring the load control operations and the energy supplied to the electrical load. The apparatus includes a controller for controlling an electrical load in an electrical distribution network in response to command signals transmitted by a command center remotely located from the electrical load. A first monitor generates electrical load data in response to detecting the distribution or interruption of energy to the electrical load. Furthermore, a second monitor generates electrical load reduction data in response to detecting the control operation of the controller. The apparatus also includes a communicator means for transmitting the electrical load data and the electrical load control data to a data processing center remotely located from the electrical load. The data processing center processes the electrical load data and the electrical load control data to determine the effectiveness of the electrical load management system.

Claims

1. In an electrical load management system, said system including a plurality of an improved load control switching and monitoring apparatus, each of said improved apparatus located proximate to an electrical load to be controlled, and a data processing center remotely located and separated from said electrical load, for causing electrical load reductions in an electrical distribution network and monitoring each of said electrical load reductions and energy supplied to said electrical load, said apparatus comprising:

control means for controlling said electrical load in said electrical distribution network in response to command signals transmitted by a command center, said command center remotely located from said electrical load;

first monitoring means for generating electrical load data in response to detecting the distribution and interruption of said energy to said electrical load;

second monitoring means for generating electrical load control data in response to detecting the control operation of said control means; and

data collection means for collecting said electrical load data and said electrical load control data and communicating said electrical load data and said electrical load control data to said data processing center, said data processing center operative to process said electrical load data and said electrical load control data to determine the effectiveness of said electrical load management system.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said data collection means comprises:

recording means for recording said electrical load control data and said electrical load data during a plurality of predetermined time intervals to produce a plurality of electrical load control data packets and a plurality of electrical load data packets; and

communicating means for transmitting said plurality of electrical load-control data packets and said plurality of electrical load data packets to said data processing center.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein each of said plurality of said electrical load control data packets contains information relating to the operating status of said control means during one of said predetermined time intervals.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein each of said plurality of said electrical load control data packets include timing data indicating the relative time for the start of said one of said predetermined time intervals.

5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein each of said plurality of said electrical load data packets contains information relating to whether said energy is interrupted and supplied to said electrical load during one of said predetermined time intervals.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein each of said plurality of said electrical load data packets includes timing data indicating the relative time for the start of said one of said predetermined time intervals.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said communicating means transmits said plurality of said electrical load control data packets and said plurality of electrical load data packets to said data processing center in response to an instruction signal transmitted by said data processing center.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said data processing center processes said plurality of electrical load control data packets and said electrical load data packets to determine the effectiveness of said electrical load management system.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said data collection means transmits said electrical load control data and said electrical load data to said data processing center in response to an instruction signal transmitted by said data processing center.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said data collection means transmits said electrical load control data and said electrical load data to said data processing center in response to an internal preprogrammed instruction.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said data collection means includes a wireless communications system.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said data collection means includes a modem interface connected to a telephone system.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said command center transmits said command signals to said control means via a wireless communications system.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said command center transmits said command signals to said control means via a power line carrier system.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said command center transmits said command signals to said control means via a telephone system.

16. In an electrical load management system, said system including means for transmitting coded command signals for causing electrical load reductions from an electrical distribution network and an improved load control switching and monitoring apparatus located proximate to each of a plurality of electrical loads to be controlled, said improved apparatus comprising:

control means responsive to said coded command signals to remove and insert a selected one of said plurality of said electrical loads in said electrical distribution network;

first monitoring means for producing electrical load data in response to detecting the distribution or interruption of energy to said selected electrical load;

second monitoring means for producing electrical load control data in response to detecting the operation of said control means to remove said selected electrical load from said electrical distribution network and to insert said selected electrical load from said electrical distribution network;

recording means for recording said electrical load control data and said electrical load data during a plurality of predetermined time intervals to produce a plurality of stored electrical load control data packets and a plurality of stored electrical load data packets; and

communicating means for communicating said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets to a data processing center,

said data processing center, responsive to receiving said electrical load control data packets and said electrical load data packets, for processing said electrical load data and said electrical load control data to determine the effectiveness of said electrical load management system, said data processing center remotely located and separated from said electrical loads.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said control means comprises:

a load management receiver for decoding said coded command signals to produce decoded command signals; and

switching means for removing said selected electrical load from said electrical distribution network in response to a selected one of said decoded command signals and inserting said selected electrical load within said electrical distribution network in response to another one of said decoded command signals.

18. The improvement of claim 17, wherein each of said coded command signals comprises address data and command data, wherein said load management receiver is responsive to said command data only for predetermined address data.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said first monitoring means comprises:

current detection means for generating a current distribution signal in response to sensing the distribution of current to said selected electrical load and a current interruption signal in response to sensing the interruption of current to said selected electrical load; and

first signal generating means for generating a first signal having a first period in response to said current distribution signal and a second signal having a second period in response to said current interruption signal.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said second monitoring means comprises:

control operation detection means for generating a load removal signal in response to said switching means operating to remove said selected electrical load from said electrical distribution network and a load insertion signal in response to said switching means operating to insert said selected electrical load in said electrical distribution network; and

second signal generating means for generating a third signal having a third period in response to said load removal signal and a fourth signal having a fourth period in response to said load insertion signal.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein said recording means comprises a first storage means and a second storage means, said first storage means for storing said first signal and said second signal during each of said plurality of said predetermined time intervals to produce said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets and said second storage means for storing said third signal and said fourth signal during each of said plurality of said predetermined time intervals to produce said plurality of said stored electrical load control packets.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein each of said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and each of said plurality of said electrical load data packets includes timing data indicating the relative time for the start of each of said predetermined time intervals.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein each of said first signal, said second signal, said third signal, and said fourth signal is a pulsed signal.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said first period is equal to said third period and said second period is equal to said fourth period.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein said data processing center determines a "LOAD ON" time interval indicating the length of time that energy is supplied to said selected electrical load by said electrical distribution network within a selected predetermined time interval by multiplying the total pulse count of said first signal within said selected predetermined time interval by said first period.

26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein said data processing center determines a "CONTROL OPERATION ON" time interval indicating the length of time that said selected electrical load is removed by said control means from said electrical distribution network within a selected predetermined time interval by multiplying the total pulse count of said third signal within said selected predetermined time interval by said third period.

27. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said communicating means includes a wireless communications system.

28. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said communicating means includes a modem interface connected to a telephone system.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein said telephone system comprises an existing telephone line mounted proximate to said selected electrical load, said telephone line also utilized for other communication applications other than communicating said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets to said data processing center.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said communicating means does not interrupt any of said other communication applications utilizing said existing telephone line to communicate with said data processing center.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein said communicating means transmits said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets to said data processing center in response to an internal preprogrammed instruction.

32. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein said communicating means transmits said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets to said data processing center in response to a coded instruction signal transmitted by said data processing center.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein each of said coded instruction signals comprises instruction address data and instruction command data, said communicating means being responsive to said instruction command data only for predetermined address data.

34. The apparatus of claim 16, comprising a computing means for processing said plurality of said stored electrical load reduction data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets.

35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein said computing means is operative to calculate a LOAD ON/LOAD OFF ratio representing the ratio of a time interval that said energy is supplied to said selected electrical load within a selected predetermined time interval to a time interval that said energy is interrupted to said selected electrical load within said selected predetermined time interval.

36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein said computing means is operative to calculate a CONTROL ON/CONTROL OFF ratio representing the ratio of a time interval that said selected electrical load is removed from said electrical distribution network within a selected predetermined time interval to a time interval that said selected electrical load is inserted within said electrical distribution network within said selected predetermined time interval.

37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein said communicating means transmits said LOAD ON/LOAD OFF ratio and said CONTROL ON/CONTROL OFF ratio to said data processing center for each of a plurality of said selected predetermined time intervals.

38. In an electrical load management system, said system including means for transmitting coded command signals for causing electrical load reductions from an electrical distribution network and an improved load control switching and monitoring apparatus located proximate to a selected one of a plurality of electrical loads to be controlled, said improved apparatus comprising:

a load management receiver for decoding said coded command signals to produce decoded command signals;

switching means for removing said selected electrical load from said electrical distribution network in response to a selected one of said decoded command signals and inserting said selected electrical load within said electrical distribution network in response to another one of said decoded command signals;

current detection means for generating a current supply signal in response to sensing the distribution of current to said selected electrical load and a current interruption signal in response to sensing the interruption of current to said selected electrical load;

control operation means for generating a load removal signal in response to said switching means operating to remove said selected electrical load from said electrical distribution network and a load insertion signal in response to said switching means operating to insert said selected electrical load in said electrical distribution network;

first signal generating means for generating a first signal having a first period in response to said current supply signal and a second signal having a second period in response to said current interruption signal;

second signal generating means for generating a third signal having a third period in response to said load removal signal and a fourth signal having a fourth period in response to said load insertion signal;

first storage means for storing said first signal and said second signal during each of a plurality of predetermined time intervals to produce a plurality of stored electrical load data packets;

second storage means for storing said third signal and said fourth signal during each of said plurality of said predetermined time intervals to produce a plurality of stored electrical load control packets; and

communicating means for communicating said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets to a data processing center remotely located from said selected electrical load in response to a coded instruction signal transmitted by said data processing center.

39. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein each of said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and each of said plurality of stored electrical load data packets includes timing data indicating the relative time for the start of each of said predetermined time intervals.

40. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein said communicating means includes a modem interface connected to a telephone system.

41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein said telephone system comprises an existing telephone line located proximate to said selected electrical load, said telephone line also utilized for other communication applications other than communicating said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets to said data processing center.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein said communicating means does not interrupt any of said other communication applications utilizing said existing telephone line to communicate with said data processing center in response to said coded instruction signal.

43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein said data processing center processes said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets received from said communicating means to determine the effectiveness of said electrical load management system.

44. The apparatus claim 43, wherein each of said first signal, said second signal, said third signal, and said fourth signal is a pulsed signal.

45. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein said first period is equal to said third period and said second period is equal to said fourth period.

46. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein said data processing center determines a "LOAD ON" time interval indicating the length of time that energy is supplied to said selected electrical load by said electrical distribution network within a selected predetermined time interval by multiplying the total pulse count of said first signal within said selected predetermined time interval.

47. The apparatus of claim 46, wherein said data processing center determines a "CONTROL OPERATION ON" time interval indicating the length of time that said selected electrical load is removed by said switching means from said electrical distribution network within a selected predetermined time interval by multiplying the total pulse count of said third signal within said selected predetermined time interval by said third period.

48. The apparatus of claim 38 further comprising a computing means for processing said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets.

49. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein said computing means calculates a LOAD ON/LOAD OFF ratio representing the ratio of a time interval that said energy is supplied to said selected electrical load within a selected predetermined time interval to a time interval that said energy is not supplied to said selected electrical load within said selected predetermined time interval.

50. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein said computing means calculates a CONTROL ON/CONTROL OFF ratio representing the ratio of a time interval that said selected electrical load is removed from said electrical distribution network within a selected predetermined time interval to a time interval that said selected electrical load is inserted within said electrical distribution network within said selected predetermined time interval.

51. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein said communicating means transmits said LOAD ON/LOAD OFF ratio and said CONTROL ON/CONTROL OFF ratio to said data processing center for each of a plurality of said selected predetermined time intervals.

52. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein said data processing center processes said LOAD ON/LOAD OFF ratio and said CONTROL ON/CONTROL OFF ratio received from each of said communicating means to determine the effectiveness of said electrical load management system.

53. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein said communicating means comprises a wireless communications system.

54. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein said control operation detection means comprises a toroid surrounding a conductor connected to said selected electrical load.

55. In an electrical load management system, a method for controlling load reductions in an electrical distribution network, monitoring said load reductions and a selected one of said plurality of electrical loads to be controlled, comprising the steps:

generating electrical load data in response to the distribution and interruption of energy supplied by said electrical distribution network to said selected electrical load;

receiving a plurality of command signals from a command center remotely located from said selected electrical load;

controlling said selected electrical load in response to a selected one of said plurality of said command signals;

generating electrical load control data in response to controlling said selected electrical load;

recording said electrical load data and said electrical load control data during a plurality of predetermined time intervals to produce a plurality of stored electrical load data packets and a plurality of stored electrical load control data packets; and

communicating said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets to a data processing center,

said data processing center operative to process said electrical load data and said electrical load control data to determine the effectiveness of said electrical load management system, said data processing center remotely located and separated from said electrical loads.

56. The method of claim 55, wherein said communicating step comprises the step of transmitting said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets in response to an instruction signal transmitted by said data processing center.

57. The method of claim 56, wherein said data processing center accumulates said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets for a selected set of said plurality of electrical loads.

58. In an electrical load management system, a method for controlling load reductions in an electrical distribution network, monitoring said load reductions, and monitoring a selected one of a plurality of electrical loads to be controlled, comprising the steps:

sensing the distribution or interruption of energy to said selected electrical load;

generating a first signal having a first period in response to said sensing the distribution of energy to said selected electrical load;

generating a second signal having a second period in response to sensing the interruption of energy to said selected electrical load;

receiving a plurality of coded command signals from a command center remotely located from said selected electrical load;

removing said selected electrical load in response to one of said plurality of said coded command signals or inserting said selected electrical load in response to another one of said plurality of said coded command signals;

detecting the removal of said selected electrical load from said network or the insertion of said electrical load into said network;

generating a third signal having a third period in response to detecting the removal of said selected electrical load from said network;

generating a fourth signal having a fourth period in response to detecting the insertion of said selected electrical load from said network;

recording said first signal and said second signal during each of a plurality of predetermined time intervals to produce a plurality of stored electrical load data packets and recording said third signal and said fourth signal during each of said plurality of predetermined time intervals to produce a plurality of stored electrical load control data packets; and

communicating said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets to a data processing center remotely located from said selected electrical load.

59. The method of claim 58, wherein said receiving step comprises the step of decoding said coded command signals.

60. The method of claim 59, wherein said communicating step comprises the step of transmitting said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets in response to an instruction signal transmitted by said data processing center.

61. The method of claim 60, wherein said data processing center accumulates said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets for a selected set of said plurality of electrical loads.

62. The method of claim 61, wherein said data processing center processes said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets for said selected set of said plurality of electrical loads to determine the effectiveness of said electrical load management system.

63. In an electrical load management system, said system including means for transmitting coded command signals for causing electrical load reductions from an electrical distribution network and an improved load control switching and monitoring apparatus located proximate to each of a plurality of electrical loads to be controlled, said improved apparatus comprising:

a load management receiver for decoding said coded command signals to produce decoded command signals; and

switching means for removing a selected one of said electrical loads from said electrical distribution network in response to a selected one of said decoded command signals and inserting said selected electrical load within said electrical distribution network in response to another one of said decoded command signals;

first monitoring means for producing electrical load data in response to detecting the distribution or interruption of energy to said selected electrical load, said first monitoring means comprising;

current detection means for generating a current distribution signal in response to sensing the distribution of current to said selected electrical load and a current interruption signal in response to sensing the interruption of current to said selected electrical load, and

first signal generating means for generating a first signal having a first period in response to said current distribution signal and a second signal having a second period in response to said current interruption signal;

second monitoring means for producing electrical load control data in response to detecting the operation of said control means to remove said selected electrical load from said electrical distribution network and to insert said selected electrical load from said electrical distribution network, said second monitoring means comprising;

control operation detection means for generating a load removal signal in response to said switching means operating to remove said selected electrical load from said electrical distribution network and a load insertion signal in response to said switching means operating to insert said selected electrical load in said electrical distribution network; and

second signal generating means for generating a third signal having a third period in response to said load removal signal and a fourth signal having a fourth period in response to said load insertion signal,

recording means for recording said electrical load control data and said electrical load data during a plurality of predetermined time intervals to produce a plurality of stored electrical load control data packets and a plurality of stored electrical load data packets; and

communicating means for communicating said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets to a data processing center remotely located from said selected electrical load.

64. The apparatus of claim 63, wherein said recording means comprises a first storage means and a second storage means, said first storage means for storing said first signal and said second signal during each of said plurality of said predetermined time intervals to produce said plurality of said stored electrical load data packets and said second storage means for storing said third signal and said fourth signal during each of said plurality of said predetermined time intervals to produce said plurality of said stored electrical load control packets.

65. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein each of said plurality of said stored electrical load control data packets and each of said plurality of said electrical load data packets includes timing data indicating the relative time for the start of each of said predetermined time intervals.