Apparatus and method for echo characterization of a communication channel
First Claim
1. An apparatus for echo characterization of a communications channel, said apparatus comprising:
- transmit sampling means for generating a series of sampled transmit values of a signal transmitted on the communications channel;
transmit frequency domain transform means operatively connected to said transmit sampling means for generating respective transmit frequency domain transforms of the sampled transmit values;
receive sampling means for generating a series of sampled receive values of a signal received on the communications channel based upon the signal transmitted on the communications channel;
receive frequency domain transform means operatively connected to said receive sampling means for generating respective receive frequency domain transforms of the sampled receive values;
frequency domain adaptive filter means operatively connected to said transmit and receive frequency domain transform means for converging a plurality of filter coefficients based upon the transmit and receive frequency domain transforms;
echo characterization output means operatively connected to said frequency domain adaptive filter means for generating an echo characterization value for the communications channel;
gain normalization means operatively connected to said frequency domain adaptive filter means for generating normalized gains of respective filter coefficients based upon spectral power of the respective transmit frequency domain transforms; and
gain normalization weighting means operatively connected to said gain normalization means for weighting the normalized gains based upon frequency;
wherein said gain normalization weighting means further comprises means for weighting the normalized gains as a predetermined function of frequency; and
wherein said gain weighting means further comprises means for determining an estimated average echo to return noise ratio based upon the signal received from the communications channel and for selecting a predetermined gain normalization weighting function based upon the ratio.
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Abstract
An apparatus for echo characterization or measurement includes a frequency domain adaptive filter for converging a plurality of filter coefficients based upon transmit and receive frequency domain transforms. The frequency domain adaptive filter preferably determines least mean square differences between estimated receive frequency domain transforms and the respective corresponding actual receive frequency domain transforms. The apparatus also preferably includes an echo characterization output portion for generating an echo characterization value for the communications channel. The echo characterization value may be one or both of echo path loss and echo delay. The apparatus preferably includes a gain normalization portion operatively connected to the adaptive filter for generating normalized gains of respective filter coefficients based upon spectral power of the respective transmit frequency domain transforms. Moreover, the apparatus also preferably includes a gain normalization weighting portion operatively connected to the gain normalization portion for weighting the normalized gains based upon frequency. An associated method is also disclosed.
45 Citations
39 Claims
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1. An apparatus for echo characterization of a communications channel, said apparatus comprising:
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transmit sampling means for generating a series of sampled transmit values of a signal transmitted on the communications channel; transmit frequency domain transform means operatively connected to said transmit sampling means for generating respective transmit frequency domain transforms of the sampled transmit values; receive sampling means for generating a series of sampled receive values of a signal received on the communications channel based upon the signal transmitted on the communications channel; receive frequency domain transform means operatively connected to said receive sampling means for generating respective receive frequency domain transforms of the sampled receive values; frequency domain adaptive filter means operatively connected to said transmit and receive frequency domain transform means for converging a plurality of filter coefficients based upon the transmit and receive frequency domain transforms; echo characterization output means operatively connected to said frequency domain adaptive filter means for generating an echo characterization value for the communications channel; gain normalization means operatively connected to said frequency domain adaptive filter means for generating normalized gains of respective filter coefficients based upon spectral power of the respective transmit frequency domain transforms; and gain normalization weighting means operatively connected to said gain normalization means for weighting the normalized gains based upon frequency; wherein said gain normalization weighting means further comprises means for weighting the normalized gains as a predetermined function of frequency; and wherein said gain weighting means further comprises means for determining an estimated average echo to return noise ratio based upon the signal received from the communications channel and for selecting a predetermined gain normalization weighting function based upon the ratio. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5)
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6. An apparatus for echo characterization of a communications channel, said apparatus comprising:
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transmit sampling means for generating a series of sampled transmit values of a signal transmitted on the communications channel; transmit frequency domain transform means operatively connected to said transmit sampling means for generating respective transmit frequency domain transforms of the sampled transmit values; receive sampling means for generating a series of sampled receive values of a signal received on the communications channel based upon the signal transmitted on the communications channel; receive frequency domain transform means operatively connected to said receive sampling means for generating respective receive frequency domain transforms of the sampled receive values; frequency domain adaptive filter means operatively connected to said transmit and receive frequency domain transform means for converging a plurality of filter coefficients based upon the transmit and receive frequency domain transforms; echo characterization output means operatively connected to said frequency domain adaptive filter means for generating an echo characterization value for the communications channel; and display means operatively connected to said echo characterization output means for displaying the echo characterization value for the communications channel. - View Dependent Claims (7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. An apparatus for echo characterization of a communications channel, said apparatus comprising:
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transmit sampling means for generating a series of sampled transmit values of a signal transmitted on the communications channel; transmit frequency domain transform means operatively connected to said transmit sampling means for generating respective transmit frequency domain transforms of the sampled transmit values; receive sampling means for generating a series of sampled receive values of a signal received on the communications channel based upon the signal transmitted on the communications channel; receive frequency domain transform means operatively connected to said receive sampling means for generating respective receive frequency domain transforms of the sampled receive values; frequency domain adaptive filter means operatively connected to said transmit and receive frequency domain transform means for converging a plurality of filter coefficients based upon the transmit and receive frequency domain transforms, said frequency domain adaptive filter means comprising least mean square determining means for determining least mean square differences between estimated receive frequency domain transforms and the respective corresponding receive frequency domain transforms; gain normalization means operatively connected to said frequency domain adaptive filter means for generating normalized gains of respective filter coefficients based upon spectral power of the respective transmit frequency domain transforms; gain normalization weighting means operatively connected to said gain normalization means for weighting the normalized gains based upon frequency; and echo characterization output means operatively connected to said frequency domain adaptive filter means for generating an echo characterization value of the communications channel. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19. A telephone system comprising:
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a plurality of telephone lines; switch means connected to said plurality of telephone lines for selectively establishing connections between predetermined ones of said telephone lines to thereby establish a communications channel; echo characterization means operatively connected to the communications channel established by said switch means for generating an echo characterization value of the communications channel, said echo characterization means comprising transmit sampling means for generating a series of sampled transmit values of a signal transmitted on the communications channel, transmit frequency domain transform means operatively connected to said transmit sampling means for generating respective transmit frequency domain transforms of the sampled transmit values, receive sampling means for generating a series of sampled receive values of a signal received on the communications channel based upon the signal transmitted on the communications channel, receive frequency domain transform means operatively connected to said receive sampling means for generating respective receive frequency domain transforms of the sampled receive values, frequency domain adaptive filter means operatively connected to said transmit and receive frequency domain transform means for converging a plurality of filter coefficients based upon the transmit and receive frequency domain transforms, and echo characterization output means operatively connected to said frequency domain adaptive filter means for generating the echo characterization value of the communications channel. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29)
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30. A method for echo characterization of a communications channel, the method comprising the steps of:
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generating a series of sampled transmit values of a signal transmitted on the communications channel; generating respective transmit frequency domain transforms of the sampled transmit values; generating a series of sampled receive values of a signal received on the communications channel based upon the signal transmitted on the communications channel; generating respective receive frequency domain transforms of the sampled receive values; converging a plurality of filter coefficients of a frequency domain adaptive filter based upon the transmit and receive frequency domain transforms; generating an echo characterization value for the communications channel based upon convergence of the filter coefficients; generating normalized gains of respective filter coefficients based upon spectral power of the respective transmit frequency domain transforms; and weighting the normalized gains as a predetermined function of frequency; wherein the step of weighting the normalized gains by determining an estimated average echo to return noise ratio based upon the signal received from the communications channel and selecting a predetermined gain weighting based upon the ratio. - View Dependent Claims (31, 32, 33)
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34. A method for echo characterization of a communications channel, the method comprising the steps of:
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generating a series of sampled transmit values of a signal transmitted on the communications channel; generating respective transmit frequency domain transforms of the sampled transmit values; generating a series of sampled receive values of a signal received on the communications channel based upon the signal transmitted on the communications channel; generating respective receive frequency domain transforms of the sampled receive values; converging a plurality of filter coefficients of a frequency domain adaptive filter based upon the transmit and receive frequency domain transforms; generating an echo characterization value for the communications channel based upon convergence of the filter coefficients; and displaying the echo characterization value. - View Dependent Claims (35, 36, 37, 38, 39)
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Specification