Method and apparatus for displaying a cursor along a two dimensional representation of a computer generated three dimensional surface

• US 5,577,176 A
• Filed: 11/23/1994
• Issued: 11/19/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 11/23/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: PTC Inc.
• Original Assignee: Computervision Corp. (PTC Inc.)
• Inventors: Sevici, Constantin, Gersht, Elena, Friedman, Timothy
• Primary Examiner(s): Herndon, Heather R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Vo, Cliff N.
• Application Number:
  US08/321,202
• Time in Patent Office: 727 Days
• Field of Search: 395/127, 395/118, 395/129, 395/125, 345/163, 345/157
• US Class Current: 345/427
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/038 Control and interface arrangements therefor, e.g. drivers or device-embedded control circuitry
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04812 Interaction techniques based on cursor appearance or behaviour, e.g. being affected by the presence of displayed objects

Abstract

A cursor is dynamically attached to a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional surface in a CAD system. The system maps input coordinates indicating an initial position and a final position of a cursor to coordinates of a u-v surface representation of a the three-dimensional surface. The u-v coordinates are then mapped to display coordinates. The option to display this cursor on the surface is made by entering a command and by selecting a surface. The cursor preferably includes vectors indicating the magnitude and direction of the slope, and the display includes a window for displaying the u-v representation of the surface. A user can pick points on the surface based on what is visually observed on the display without projecting the point to another surface.

Claims

1. A computer system comprising:

a display, having a set of display coordinates, that displays a cursor and a two dimensional representation of a surface of a three dimensional object;

a user-operable input device by which a user provides input signals that indicate a position of the cursor on the display in input coordinates;

a processing system, coupled to the display and to the input device, that receives the input signals indicating the cursor position and causes the cursor to be positioned on the display in response to the input signals, the processing system including;

a modeler for receiving input commands and for generating a surface definition representation of the surface of the three dimensional object in a surface definition space having a set of surface definition coordinates,

means for mapping the input device coordinates of the cursor into surface definition coordinates that represent the position of the cursor in the surface definition space, and

means for mapping the surface definition coordinates of the cursor and the surface definition representation of the surface into display coordinates that represent the surface and the position of the cursor on the display, so that the cursor is dynamically attached to the two dimensional representation of the surface of the three dimensional object.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing system further includes means for simultaneously displaying, one the display, the surface definition representation of the surface, a second cursor and the two dimensional representation of the surface.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing system further includes means for determining at least one tangent to the surface at a position of the cursor, and means for displaying a direction of the tangent.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the processing system includes means for displaying the cursor as two vectors tangent to the surface and a vector normal to the surface.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing system further includes means for receiving an input signal relating to a selected point on the two dimensional representation, and means for displaying the selected point, wherein the selected point is at a position on the surface that corresponds to a position visually observed on the display.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the input device includes a device selected from the group consisting of a mouse, a keyboard, a keypad, a track ball, a track pad, a light pen, and a touch sensitive screen.

7. A method for use in a computer system including a display, having a set of display coordinates, for displaying a two dimensional representation of a three dimensional surface and a cursor, an input device for a user to move the cursor from an initial position to a final position, and a processor coupled to the input device and to the display, the method comprising the computer implemented steps of:

providing a two dimensional surface definition representation of the three dimensional surface in a surface definition space having a set of surface definition coordinates;

receiving signals from the input device indicating input coordinates corresponding to the initial position and the final position of the cursor;

mapping the input coordinates of the initial position and the input coordinates of the final position into surface definition coordinates that respectively represent the initial position and the final position in the surface definition space; and

deriving display coordinates for the cursor from the mapped surface definition coordinates so that the cursor is moved on the display from the initial position to the final position along a path that represents a contour of the surface.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of determining a slope of a tangent on the three dimensional surface at a position of the cursor.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising the step of displaying a window on the display for displaying the surface definition representation and a second cursor.

10. The method of claim 7, further comprising the steps of receiving input signals indicating a selected point on a surface, and displaying the selected point without projection.

11. The method of claim 7, further comprising the steps of receiving an input signal indicating a selected point on a displayed surface, providing a new point which is not on the surface, and deriving a new surface that includes the new point.

12. The method of claim 7, further comprising the steps of receiving input signals indicating a plurality of selected points, and indicating on the display each point that is selected without projecting, wherein each selected point is at a position on the surface which is the same as a position on the display.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of connecting the selected points with a line, wherein the line follows the displayed surface.

14. A computer system comprising:

a first display window for displaying a first cursor and a first representation of a selected three dimensional surface, the first representation being two dimensional and having a three dimensional appearance;

a second display window for displaying a second cursor and a second representation of the selected three dimensional surface, the second representation representing the selected three dimensional surface in a two dimensional surface definition space; and

a processing system for receiving input signals from a user to indicate how to move the first cursor from an initial position to a final position, for deriving a first set of coordinates indicating the initial position and the final position for the first cursor in the first display window, and for mapping the first set of coordinates into a second set of coordinates in the surface definition space to determine coordinates for the second cursor so that the first and second cursors move simultaneously in the first and second display windows.

15. A method for operating a computer system having a display that displays a first cursor and a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object, the three-dimensional object including at least one surface having a contour, the computer system including an input device that receives user commands to change a position of the first cursor on the display, the method including the computer implemented steps of:

(A) receiving at least one command from the input device that represents a change in the position of the first cursor on the display from a first position to a second position, the first position on the display representing the at least one surface; and

(B) moving the first cursor from the first position to the second position along a path that represents the contour of the at least one surface.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein step (B) includes a step of moving the first cursor such that the position of the first cursor represents the at least one surface at every position along the path.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein step (B) includes a step of, when the second position does not represent the at least one surface, moving the first cursor from the first position to a third position that represents the at least one surface, the third position representing a displayed portion of the at least one surface that is closest to the second position.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the at least one surface is defined in a surface definition space having a set of surface definition coordinates, wherein the position of the first cursor on the display is represented by display coordinates, wherein the user commands represent changes in the display coordinates of the position of the first cursor, and wherein step (B) includes steps of:

mapping the display coordinates of the position of the first cursor into surface definition coordinates representing the position of the first cursor; and

mapping the changes in position of the first cursor into surface definition coordinates so that movement of the first cursor is accomplished in the surface definition space that defines the at least one surface.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein step (B) further includes a step of mapping the surface definition coordinates representing the position of the first cursor into display screen coordinates so that the position of the first cursor displayed on the display is represented in display screen coordinates.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the three-dimensional object is defined in a three-dimensional object space having a set of three-dimensional object coordinates, and wherein the step of mapping the surface definition coordinates representing the position of the first cursor into display screen coordinates includes steps of:

mapping the surface definition coordinates representing the position of the first cursor into three-dimensional object coordinates that represent the position of the cursor in the three-dimensional object space that defines the three-dimensional object; and

mapping the three-dimensional object coordinates that represent the position of the first cursor into display screen coordinates.

21. The method of claim 15, wherein the at least one surface is defined in a surface definition space having a set of surface definition coordinates, and wherein the method further includes a step of displaying on the display a representation of the at least one surface in the surface definition space.

22. The method of claim 21, further including a step of displaying on the representation of the at least one surface in the surface definition space a second cursor representing the position of the first cursor mapped into the surface definition space.

23. The method of claim 15, wherein the at least one surface includes a plurality of surfaces, wherein the method further includes a step of receiving at least one command from the input device that selects one of the plurality of surfaces of the three-dimensional object represented by the two-dimensional representation displayed on the display, and wherein step (B) includes a step of moving the first cursor along a path that represents the contour of the selected one of the plurality of surfaces.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one surface is defined in a surface definition space having a set of surface definition coordinates, and wherein the method further includes a step of displaying on the display a representation of the selected one of the plurality of surfaces in the surface definition space.

25. The method of claim 24, including a step of displaying on the representation of the selected one of the plurality of surfaces in the surface definition space a second cursor representing the first cursor mapped into the surface definition space.

26. The method of claim 15, including a step of displaying the first cursor so that it includes a first vector normal to the contour of the at least one surface.

27. The method of claim 26, including a step of displaying the first cursor so that it includes a second vector representing a first slope of the contour of the at least one surface at the position of the first cursor and a third vector representing a second slope of the contour of the at least one surface at the position of the first cursor.

28. A method for operating a computer system having a display and an input device that receives user commands, the method including the computer implemented steps of:

(A) displaying on the display a first cursor and a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object, the two-dimensional representation including at least one surface;

(B) receiving a first user command to select the at least one surface;

(C) receiving a second user command to select a position on the display; and

(D) modifying the at least one surface so that the at least one surface passes through the selected position on the display.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the at least one surface includes a plurality of surfaces, wherein step (B) includes a step of receiving a first user command to select a selected one of the plurality of surfaces, and wherein step (D) further includes a step of modifying the selected one of the plurality of surfaces so that the selected one of the plurality of surfaces passes through the selected position.

30. The method of claim 28, wherein the computer system includes a representation of the at least one surface in a surface definition space having a set of surface definition coordinates, wherein each position on the display has corresponding display coordinates, and wherein step (D) includes steps of:

mapping the display coordinates of each position on the display that represents the at least one surface into surface definition coordinates of the surface definition space;

mapping the display coordinates of the selected position into surface definition space coordinates of the surface definition space; and

modifying the at least one surface in the surface definition space so that the at least one surface passes through the surface definition space coordinates of the selected position to generate at least one modified surface.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein step (D) further includes a step of mapping the surface definition coordinates of the at least one modified surface into display screen coordinates so that the at least one modified surface is displayed on the display.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the three dimensional object is defined in a three-dimensional object space having a set of three-dimensional object coordinates, and wherein the step of mapping the surface definition coordinates of the at least one modified surface includes steps of:

mapping the surface definition coordinates of the at least one modified surface into three-dimensional object coordinates of the three-dimensional object space; and

mapping the three-dimensional object coordinates of the at least one modified surface into display screen coordinates.

33. The method of claim 28, wherein the at least one surface is defined in a surface definition space having a set of surface definition coordinates, and wherein the method further includes a step of displaying on the display a representation of the at least one surface in the surface definition space.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the first cursor has a position on the display, and wherein the method further includes a step of displaying on the representation of the at least one surface in the surface definition space a second cursor at a position representing the position of the first cursor mapped into the surface definition space.

35. A method for use in a computer system having a display that displays a first cursor and a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object, the three-dimensional object including at least one surface having a contour, the computer system including an input device that receives user commands that each identifies a position on the display, the method including the computer implemented steps of:

(A) receiving at least two input commands from the input device that respectively identify at least two positions on the display, each of the at least two positions representing the at least one surface on the display; and

(B) drawing between the at least two positions on the display a line that represents the contour of the at least one surface.

36. The method of claim 35, further including a step of displaying the line on the display such that the line represents a shortest path between the at least two positions along the contour of the at least one surface.

37. The method of claim 35, wherein the at least one surface is defined in a surface definition space having a set of surface definition coordinates, wherein each of the at least two positions has corresponding display coordinates, and wherein step (B) includes steps of mapping the display coordinates of the at least two positions into corresponding coordinates in the surface definition space, and drawing the line in the surface definition space.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein step (B) further includes a step of mapping surface definition coordinates representing each position along the line in the surface definition space into display screen coordinates so that the line is drawn on the display.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the three-dimensional object is defined in a three-dimensional object space having a set of three-dimensional object coordinates and wherein the step of mapping the surface definition coordinates representing each position along the line into display screen coordinates includes steps of:

mapping the surface definition coordinates representing each position along the line into corresponding three-dimensional object coordinates in the three-dimensional object space; and

mapping the three-dimensional object coordinates that represent each position along the line into display screen coordinates.

40. The method of claim 35, wherein the at least one surface is defined in a surface definition space having a set of surface definition coordinates, and wherein the method includes a step of displaying on the display a representation of the at least one surface in the surface definition space.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein the first cursor has a position on the display, and wherein the method further includes a step of displaying on the representation of the at least one surface a second cursor at a position that represents the position of the first cursor mapped into surface definition coordinates.

42. The method of claim 35, wherein the at least one surface includes a plurality of surfaces, wherein the method further includes a step of receiving at least one command from the input device that selects one of the plurality of surfaces of the three-dimensional object represented by the two-dimensional representation displayed on the display, and wherein step (B) includes a step of drawing the line to represent the contour of the selected one of the plurality of surfaces.

43. A method for use in a computer system having a display that displays a first cursor and a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object, the three-dimensional object including at least one surface having a contour, the method including the computer implemented steps of:

(A) positioning the first cursor at a position that represents the at least one surface on the display;

(B) determining at least one slope of the contour of the at least one surface at the position of the cursor; and

(C) displaying on the display at the position of the first cursor a representation of the at least one slope of the contour at the position of the cursor.

44. The method of claim 43, wherein the two-dimensional representation of the at least one surface is defined in a surface definition space having first and second coordinate axes, wherein step (B) includes a step of determining a first slope of the contour with respect to the first axis and a second slope of the contour with respect to the second axis, and wherein step (C) includes a step of displaying at the position of the first cursor a representation of the first and second slopes.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein step (C) includes a step of displaying the representation of the first and second slopes as first and second vectors having directions and magnitudes that respectively represent the first and second slopes.

46. The method of claim 45, wherein the method further includes a step of determining a cross product vector that is substantially equal to a cross product of the vector representation of the first slope and the vector representation of the second slope, and step (C) includes a step of displaying on the display at the position of the first cursor a representation of the cross product vector.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the computer system includes an input device to receive user commands to change the position of the first cursor on the display, and wherein the method further includes steps of:

(D) receiving at least one command from the input device that represents a change in position of the first cursor on the display from a first position to a second position, the first position on the display representing the at least one surface;

(E) moving the first cursor on the display from the first position to the second position along a path that represents the contour of the at least one surface; and

wherein step (B) includes a step of determining the first and second slopes of the contour at both the first and second positions, and step (C) includes a step of displaying vector representations of the first and second slopes at both the first and second positions.

48. The method of claim 43, wherein the at least one surface is defined in a surface definition space having a set of surface definition coordinates, and wherein the method includes a step of displaying on the display a representation of the at least one surface in the surface definition space.

49. The method of claim 48, including a step of displaying on the representation of the at least one surface in surface definition space a second cursor at a position that represents a position of the first cursor mapped into surface definition coordinates.

50. A method for use in a computer system having a display, the method including the steps of:

(A) displaying on the display a first two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object, the three-dimensional object including at least one surface; and

(B) displaying on the display, while the first two-dimensional representation is displayed, a second representation of the at least one surface, the second representation representing the at least one surface in a two-dimensional surface definition space.

51. The method of claim 50, wherein step (A) includes a step of displaying on the display a first cursor at a position on the display that represents a position on the at least one surface, and step (B) includes a step of displaying on the display a second cursor at a position on the second representation that represents the position of the first cursor mapped into the surface definition space.