Method for treating waste water containing neutral salts comprising monovalent ions

• US 5,578,181 A
• Filed: 06/06/1995
• Issued: 11/26/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 06/17/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Global Nuclear Fuel - Japan Co., Ltd. (General Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd., Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited
• Inventors: Hirose, Yasuo, Ishii, Yoshinori
• Primary Examiner(s): Phasge, Arun S.
• Application Number:
  US08/470,484
• Time in Patent Office: 539 Days
• Field of Search: 204/182.4, 204/182.5, 204/523, 204/525, 204/529
• US Class Current: 204/523
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 61/44 Ion-selective electrodialysis
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/4693 electrodialysis
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2101/16 Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2101/163 Nitrates
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2201/46115 Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 20/124 Water desalination

Abstract

In order to reduce releasing of neutral salts comprising monovalent ions contained in industrial waste effluent to the environment, the waste effluent to be treated is supplied into a prepositive electrodialysis cell comprising ion exchange membranes which transfer monovalent ions selectively for concentrating the salts, concentrated stream is supplied into an electrolytic dialysis cell for separating and recovering acids and bases, subsequently diluted stream is circulated as supplying stream to the prepositive electrodialysis cell, the diluted stream in said prepositive electrodialysis cell is subsequently supplied to and desalted by one or plural electrodialysis cells combined in series, the diluted stream after the desalination is released to the environment, and the concentrated stream is merged to the supplying stream to the prepositive electrodialysis cell. In accordance with the present invention, concentration of impurity in recovered acid decreases to less than 1/10, and necessary electric power for dialysis treatment and recovery of the acid and the base decreases to less than 1/2.

Claims

1. A method for treating waste water containing neutral salts containing monovalent ions, comprising the steps of

supplying a feed stream to a prepositive electrodialysis cell;

separating the neutral salts from the waste water by electrodialysis in the prepositive electrodialysis cell to obtain a concentrated stream and a diluted stream;

supplying the concentrated stream from the prepositive cell to an electrolytic dialysis cell for separating the neutral salts into acids and bases; and

supplying the diluted stream from the prepositive cell to at least two main electrodialysis cells, comprising a first stage and a final stage, combined in series for reducing the concentration of the neutral salts in the diluted stream.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of

separating the diluted stream in the main electrodialysis cells to obtain a concentrated stream and a diluted stream,

supplying the concentrated stream from the final stage of the main electrodialysis cells, countercurrent to the diluted stream, to concentrated stream compartments in the main electrodialysis cells combined in series, and

merging the concentrated stream from the first stage of the main electrodialysis cells with the waste water to be treated which is supplied to the feed stream of the prepositive electrodialysis cell.

3. The method as claimed in claim 2, comprising the steps of

circulating the diluted stream having a common constant concentration contained in the diluted stream compartments of the prepositive electrodialysis cell and the main electrodialysis cells and the concentrated stream having a common constant concentration contained in the concentrated stream compartments of the prepositive electrodialysis cell and the main electrodialysis cells at a constant flow rate, and

continuously discharging an amount of treated waste water equal to the sum or the difference of the quantity of the feed stream continuously supplied and the quantity of the stream transferred through the ion exchange membrane.

4. The method as claimed in claim 3, comprising the step of

circulating the concentrated stream in the prepositive electrodialysis cell and the main electrodialysis cells by passing through the anode compartment first and subsequently passing through the cathode compartment.

5. The method as claimed in claim 2, comprising the steps of

supplying the diluted stream and the concentrated stream which are supplied batchwise to the diluted stream compartments and the concentrated stream compartments in the prepositive electrodialysis cell and the main electrodialysis cells, are circulated at a constant rate, and

continuing the electrodialysis until the concentration in each of the streams reaches a designated value.

6. A method as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of

supplying the waste water to be treated to a diluted stream compartment in the prepositive electrodialysis cell wherein the prepositive electrodialysis cell comprises the diluted stream compartment and a concentrated stream compartment which are separated by a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, at least one of which is an ion exchange membrane which selectively transfers monovalent ions, and

depleting the neutral salt in the diluted stream compartment and concentrating the neutral salt in the concentrated stream compartment by electrodialysis.

7. The method as claimed in claim 6, comprising the steps of

circulating the diluted stream having a common constant concentration contained in the diluted stream compartments of the prepositive electrodialysis cell and the main electrodialysis cells and the concentrated stream having a common constant concentration contained in the concentrated stream compartments of the prepositive electrodialysis cell and the main electrodialysis cells at a constant flow rate, and

continuously discharging an amount of treated waste water equal to the sum or the difference of the quantity of the feed stream continuously supplied and the quantity of the stream transferred through the ion exchange membrane.

8. The method as claimed in claim 7, comprising the step of

circulating the concentrated stream in the prepositive electrodialysis cell and the main electrodialysis cells by passing through the anode compartment first and subsequently passing through the cathode compartment.

9. The method as claimed in claim 6, comprising the steps of

supplying the diluted stream and the concentrated stream which are supplied batchwise to the diluted stream compartments and the concentrated stream compartments in the prepositive electrodialysis cell and the main electrodialysis cells, are circulated at a constant rate, and

continuing the electrodialysis until the concentration in each of the streams reaches a designated value.

10. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of

supplying the waste water containing neutral salts comprising monovalent ions to a central compartment of the electrolytic dialysis cell, wherein the electrolytic dialysis cell comprises an anode compartment, the central compartment, and a cathode compartment, which are separated by an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane, at least one of which is an ion exchange membrane which selectively transfers monovalent ions,

recovering the acid and the base composing the neutral salt by electrolytic dialysis of the neutral salt into acids of monovalent anions and bases of monovalent cations, and

generating the acids in the anode compartment and the bases in the cathode compartment.

11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the cation comprising the salt of the monovalent ion is ammonium ion, and comprising the step of

adding a strong electrolyte of acid or base to the cathode compartment to create an electric conductivity when ammonium hydroxide is generated in the cathode compartment for recovering ammonium hydroxide from the stream in the cathode compartment.

12. The method as claimed in claim 11, comprising the steps of

circulating the stream in the central compartments, the anode compartments, and the cathode compartments in the electrolytic dialysis cell, wherein each has a constant concentration, at a constant flow rate, and

continuously discharging an amount of treated waste water equal to the sum or the difference of the quantity of the feed stream continuously supplied and the quantity of the stream transferred through the ion exchange membrane.

13. The method as claimed in claim 11, comprising the steps of

circulating the diluted stream and the concentrated stream which are supplied batchwise to the central compartments, the anode compartments, and the cathode compartments in the electrolytic dialysis cell, at a constant rate, and

continuing the electrodialysis until the concentration in each of the streams reaches a designated value.

14. The method as claimed in claim 10, comprising the steps of

circulating the stream in the central compartments, the anode compartments, and the cathode compartments in the electrolytic dialysis cell, wherein each has a constant concentration, at a constant flow rate, and

continuously discharging an amount of treated waste water equal to the sum or the difference of the quantity of the feed stream continuously supplied and the quantity of the stream transferred through the ion exchange membrane.

15. The method as claimed in claim 10, comprising the steps of

circulating the diluted stream and the concentrated stream which are supplied batchwise to the central compartments, the anode compartments, and the cathode compartments in the electrolytic dialysis cell, at a constant rate, and

continuing the electrodialysis until the concentration in each of the streams reaches a designated value.

16. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of

supplying the diluted stream in the prepositive electrodialysis cell or the main electrodialysis cells to a diluted stream compartment in the electrodialysis cell comprising the diluted stream compartment and a concentrated stream compartment, which are separated by a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, at least one of which is an ion exchange membrane which selectively transfers monovalent ions, and

diluting the neutral salt in the diluted stream compartment and concentrating the neutral salt in the concentrated stream compartment by electrodialysis.

17. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising the step of

merging the stream from the central compartment in the electrolytic dialysis cell with the waste water to be treated which is supplied to the feed stream of the prepositive electrodialysis cell.

18. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising the step of

processing the concentrated stream from the final stage of the main electrodialysis cells combined in series to reduce the concentration of ions other than the monovalent ions to a value at least similar to the concentration in the waste water to be treated before merging with the waste water to be treated which is supplied to the feed stream of the prepositive electrodialysis cell.

19. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of

decreasing the concentration of the neutral salt in the diluted stream in each stage of the main electrodialysis cells by an approximately constant rate, and

increasing the concentration of the neutral salt in the concentrated stream in each stage of the main electrodialysis cells increases by an approximately constant rate.

20. The method as claimed in claim 19, comprising the steps of

decreasing the concentration of the neutral salt in the diluted stream in each stage of the main electrodialysis cells by a factor in a range of from 4 to 8, and

increasing the concentration of the neutral salt in the concentrated stream in each stage of the main electrodialysis cells to a value in a range from 16 to 64 times the concentration of the neutral salt in the diluted stream.