Method and apparatus for focus control of transmit and receive beamformer systems

• US 5,581,517 A
• Filed: 05/02/1995
• Issued: 12/03/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 08/05/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Siemens Medical Solutions USA Incorporated (Siemens AG)
• Original Assignee: Acuson Corporation (Siemens AG)
• Inventors: Gee, Albert, Cole, Christopher R., Wright, J. Nelson
• Primary Examiner(s): Pihulic, Daniel T.
• Application Number:
  US08/432,544
• Time in Patent Office: 581 Days
• Field of Search: 367/138, 367/7, 367/11, 128/661.01, 128/660.05, 128/660.06, 128/660.07, 73/625, 73/626, 364/413.25
• US Class Current: 367/138
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/8918 the array being linear
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/8979 Combined Doppler and pulse-echo imaging systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/40 Means for monitoring or calibrating
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52023 Details of receivers
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52033 Gain control of receivers for seismic signals G01V1/245
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52046 Techniques for image enhancement involving transmitter or receiver image enhancement by image data processing G06T5/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/5205 Means for monitoring or calibrating
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52066 Time-position or time-motion displays
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52071 Multicolour displays; using colour coding; Optimising colour or information content in displays, e.g. parametric imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/5209 using multibeam transmission
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/52095 using multiline receive beamforming
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/341 Circuits therefor

Abstract

A beamformer control system includes a primary control and secondary controls so that delay and apodization beamformation profiles can be generated on a dynamic and distributed basis with sparsely sampled base delay and apodization data sets first expanded to the final values by the primary control and then further expanded in the secondary controls associated with multi-processing channels of the beamformer systems. The beamformer control system coordinates the transmit and receive beamformer systems preferably using data sets common to all beamformer systems, and by advantageously specifying to all beamformer systems, processing mode trade-offs among the signal nominal center frequency, the range spatial resolution, and the number of beams. The beamformer control system supports multiple simultaneous beam operation, as well as beam-to-beam adjustable frequency and synthetic aperture operations. Further, the present beamformer control system maintains beam-to-beam coherent receive beamformation and supports adaptive beamformation.

Claims

1. An ultrasound beamformer system comprising:

a transmit beamformer system for generating a transmit signal;

a receive beamformer system for processing a signal received from a target which results from the transmit signal interacting with the target; and

a beamformer control system for controlling the computational capability of the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system by adjusting at least two of (1) a number of beams, (2) a nominal center frequency, and (3) a resolution per beam as processed by the transmit and receive beamformer systems.

2. The beamformer system of claim 1 wherein:

said receive beamformer system includes an imaging receive beamformer system and a Doppler receive beamformer system.

3. The beamformer system of claim 1 wherein:

said control system can select a number of concurrent beams for processing by said transmit beamformer system that is independent of a number of concurrent beams selected for processing by said receive beamformer system.

4. The beamformer system of claim 1 wherein:

said control system can select a carrier frequency per beam for processing by said transmit beamformer system that is independent of a carrier frequency per beam selected for processing by said receive beamformer system.

5. The beamformer system of claim 4 wherein:

said control system can select independent carrier frequencies for each beam processed by the transmit beamformer system, and independent carrier frequencies for each beam processed by the receive beamformer system.

6. The beamformer system of claim 1 wherein:

said control system can select a resolution per beam for processing by said transmit beamformer system that is independent of a resolution per beam selected for processing by said receive beamformer system.

7. The beamformer system of claim 1 wherein:

said receive and transmit beamformer systems communicate with a transducer array which has elements;

said transmit beamformer system includes multiple transmit processors, said transmit processors operative to process signals for elements of the transducer array;

said receive beamformer system includes multiple receive processors, said receive processors operative to process signals from elements of the transducer array;

and further wherein said control system includes a primary control system and a distributed secondary control system;

and wherein said distributed secondary control system comprises a separate secondary control for said transmit processors and a separate secondary control for each receive processor.

8. The beamformer system of claim 7 wherein:

said primary control uses at least one common control parameter profile for generating additional control parameter profiles for use with the secondary controls of both the transmit processors and the receive processors.

9. The beamformer system of claim 7 wherein:

said primary control system generates a primary control parameter set and communicates the primary control parameter set to the distributed secondary control system;

wherein at least in a first part the primary control parameter set determines the number of beams, and the resolution per beam; and

each of said secondary controls use at least a second part of the primary control parameter set to generate secondary control parameter sets appropriate for the transmit processor or the receive processor with which the individual secondary control is associated.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:

the resolution comprises an initial waveform sample interval for a transmit beam and a spatial range resolution for a receive beam.

11. The beamformer system of claim 4 wherein:

said control system selects a carrier frequency which varies from the nominal center frequency by a vernier factor.

12. An ultrasound beamformer system comprising:

a transmit beamformer system for generating a transmit signal;

a receive beamformer system for processing a signal received from a target which results from the transmit signal interacting with the target; and

a beamformer control system for controlling both the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system, said control system including;

(1) a primary control for generating primary parameter profiles for controlling both the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system, and (2) a secondary control for generating secondary parameter profiles based on the primary parameter profiles for controlling at least one of the receive beamformer system and the transmit beamformer system.

13. The beamformer system of claim 12 wherein:

said receive beamformer system includes an imaging receive beamformer system and a Doppler receive beamformer system.

14. The beamformer system of claim 12 wherein:

said secondary control expands the primary parameter profiles using at least one of interpolation and extrapolation.

15. The beamformer system of claim 12 wherein:

said primary control stores at least one sparsely-sampled parameter profile and expands said profile before communicating said expanded parameter profile to said secondary control;

said secondary control further expands the expanded parameter profiles.

16. The beamformer system of claim 12 wherein said primary control expands sparsely-sampled parameter profiles using at least one of interpolation and extrapolation.

17. The beamformer system of claim 12 wherein:

said receive beamformer system includes a plurality of receive processors, each receive processor associated with at least one element of a transducer array;

said secondary control includes a plurality of individual secondary controls, one individual secondary control associated with each receive processor.

18. The beamformer system of claim 12 wherein:

said transmit beamformer system includes a plurality of transmit processors, each transmit processor associated with at least one element of a transducer array;

said secondary control includes a plurality of individual secondary controls, one individual secondary control associated with each transmit processor.

19. The beamformer system of claim 12 wherein:

said receive beamformer system includes a plurality of receive processors, each receive processor associated with at least one element of a transducer array;

said secondary control includes a plurality of individual receive secondary controls, one individual receive secondary control associated with each receive processor;

said transmit beamformer system includes a plurality of transmit processors, each transmit processor associated with at least one element of said transducer array;

said secondary control includes a plurality of individual transmit secondary controls, one individual transmit secondary control associated with each transmit processor;

and wherein said primary parameter profiles are used by the individual secondary controls of both the receive processors and the transmit processors.

20. The beamformer system of claim 19

in which said receive beamformer system is an imaging receive beamformer system;

and in which said beamformer system further comprises;

a Doppler receive beamformer system; and

in which said primary parameter profiles are used by both the imaging receive and the Doppler receive beamformer systems.

21. An ultrasound beamformer system comprising:

a programmable transmit beamformer system for generating a transmit signal;

a programmable receive beamformer system for processing a signal received from a target which results from the transmit signal interacting with the target; and

a beamformer control system for controlling both the programmable transmit beamformer system and the programmable receive beamformer system by distributing the generation of a parameter set, for controlling the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system, between a primary control system and a distributed secondary control system, and wherein

said programmable transmit beamformer system includes multiple transmit processors, each transmit processor being operative to process signals for elements of a transducer array;

said programmable receive beamformer system includes multiple receive processors, each receive processor being operative to process signals from elements of said transducer array, and

said distributed secondary control system including a separate secondary control for each transmit processor and a separate secondary control for each receive processor.

22. The beamformer system of claim 21 wherein:

said primary control system generates a primary control parameter set and communicates the primary control parameter set to the distributed secondary control system; and

each of said secondary controls use the primary control parameter set to generate secondary control parameter sets appropriate for the transmit and receive processors with which the individual secondary controls are associated.

23. The beamformer system of claim 21 wherein:

said primary control system uses at least one sparsely-sampled parameter set and generates the primary control parameter sets by expanding said sparsely-sampled parameter set.

24. The beamformer system of claim 23 wherein:

said secondary control system further expands the primary control parameter sets expanded by the primary control system.

25. The beamformer system of claim 23 wherein:

said sparsely-sampled parameter set used by the primary control system is common to both the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system.

26. The beamformer system of claim 21 wherein:

said primary control system uses at least one sparsely-sampled parameter set, each set comprised of one of focusing time delay profiles and apodization-related profiles;

said primary control system uses at least one of interpolation and extrapolation coefficients; and

said primary control system expands said sparsely-sampled parameter set by at least one of interpolating and extrapolating the profiles of the sparsely-sampled parameter set using the interpolation and extrapolation coefficients.

27. The beamformer system of claim 26 wherein said apodization-related profiles include apodization width profiles, apodization origin profiles, base apodization templates, and apodization correction profiles.

28. An ultrasound beamformer control system for use with (1) a transmit beamformer system for generating a transmit signal and (2) a receive beamformer system for processing a signal received from a target which results from the transmit signal interacting with the target, the control system comprising:

a beamformer control for controlling both the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system, said control including;

(1) a primary control for generating primary parameter profiles for controlling both the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system; and

(2) a secondary control for generating secondary parameter profiles based on the primary parameter profiles generated by the primary control for controlling the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system.

29. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein:

said primary control generates focusing time delay profiles and apodization-related profiles.

30. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein:

said primary control generates focusing time delay profiles and apodization profiles and said secondary control generates per channel time delay values, per channel focusing phase values, and per channel apodization values.

31. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein:

said secondary control interpolates between values of the primary profile in order to generate secondary profiles.

32. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein said secondary control interpolates between values of at least two primary profiles in order to generate at least one secondary profile.

33. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein:

said primary control uses at least one sparsely-sampled parameter profile determined by at least one of (1) a transducer to be used and (2) a scan format to be used;

said primary control generates additional values from at least one of the sparsely-sampled parameter profiles in order to generate additional parameter profiles; and

said secondary control generates the additional parameter profiles for generating secondary parameter profiles.

34. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein:

said primary control uses a scan line origin, a scan line angle, and a focus range in order to specify focusing time delay profiles and apodization-related profiles.

35. The beamformer control system of claim 34 wherein:

said secondary control specifies focusing time delay profiles and apodization profiles on a per-range-sample, per-scan-line basis.

36. The beamformer control system of claim 34 wherein:

said primary control uses separate scan line parameters, including separate specification of scan line origins and scan line angles for each beam in a multiple simultaneous beam operation.

37. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein:

said primary control communicates primary parameter profiles to at least one of the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system on a per-transmit-event basis.

38. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein:

said primary control specifies a number of simultaneous beams transmitted by the transmit beamformer system independently from a number of simultaneous beams processed by the receive beamformer system.

39. The beamformer control system of claim 34 wherein:

said primary control uses a plurality of reference ranges in order to specify focusing time delay profiles and apodization-related profiles for secondary control of at least one of the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system.

40. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein:

said primary control specifies multiple focusing time delay profiles and multiple apodization-related profiles at least at reference ranges for at least one of single beam operation and multiple simultaneous beam operation.

41. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein:

said primary control specifies multiple focusing time delay profiles and multiple apodization-related profiles for each beam for at least one of single and multiple simultaneous beam operation for at least one of the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system.

42. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein:

said primary control specifies reference ranges common to each beam in a multiple simultaneous beam operation.

43. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein:

said primary control independently selects reference ranges for each of (1) transmit focusing time delay profiles, (2) transmit apodization-related profiles, (3) receive focusing time delay profiles, and (4) receive apodization-related profiles.

44. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein:

said beamformer control system uses the focusing time delay profiles and the apodization-related profiles at one or more reference ranges in order to generate focusing time delay profiles and apodization-related profiles at range locations other than on reference ranges.

45. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein:

said beamformer control system includes a processor for expanding sparsely-sampled focusing time delay profiles and for expanding sparsely-sampled apodization-related profiles.

46. The beamformer control system of claim 45 wherein:

said processor includes an interpolator for interpolation among focusing time delay profiles and among apodization-related profiles.

47. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein:

said primary control includes a focusing delay processor for first interpolating focusing time delay profiles for a desired scan line angle and then second interpolating the first interpolated focusing time delay profiles for a selected scan line origin.

48. The beamformer control system of claim 47 wherein:

said primary control additionally provides to the secondary control focusing delay range interpolation coefficients that are (1) broadcast common to all elements of a transducer array and (2) at range sampling rates.

49. The beamformer control of claim 47 wherein for the transmit beamformer system, the beamformer control further comprising:

means for scaling first and second time delay profiles at first and second reference ranges respectively in the primary control;

means for communicating the scaled first and second time delay profiles to the secondary control; and

means for summing the scaled first and second time delay profiles in the secondary control in order to compute a range interpolated time delay profile, with a transmit range at other than a reference range.

50. The beamformer control of claim 49 wherein the transmit beamformer system comprises a plurality of transmit processors, and wherein the beamformer control comprises:

said means for scaling and said means for communicating; and

wherein each transmit processor comprises said means for summing.

51. The beamformer control of claim 49 wherein:

said means for scaling uses a range interpolation coefficient to scale the first and the second delay profiles.

52. The beamformer control of claim 47 wherein the receive beamformer system includes an imaging receive beamformer system, and the beamformer control further includes:

means for communicating first and second time delay profiles at first and second reference ranges respectively from the primary control to the secondary control;

and wherein said communicating means communicates a range interpolation coefficient from the primary control to the secondary control;

means for interpolating in the secondary control between the first and the second time delay profiles using the range interpolation coefficient in order to compute an interpolated time delay profile for a receive range located at other than a reference range.

53. The beamformer control of claim 52 wherein the receive beamformer system includes a plurality of imaging receive processors, said beamformer control including:

said communicating means and interpolating means for each imaging receive processor.

54. The beamformer control claim 53 wherein the imaging receive processors are multi-channel receive processors, and wherein

said communicating means also broadcasts a common range interpolation coefficient to all channels of receive processors associated with a beam.

55. The beamformer control of claim 47 wherein the receive beamformer system comprises a Doppler receive beamformer system, the beamformer control includes:

means for interpolating in the primary control between first and second time delay profiles using a range interpolation coefficient in order to compute an interpolated time delay profile for a receive range at a location other than a reference range; and

means for converting the interpolated time delay profile into a range gate enable profile and a phase rotation profile for approximating a fine time delay.

56. The beamformer control claim 55 wherein:

said means for converting is located in primary control.

57. The beamformer control of claim 55 including:

means for communicating the range gate enable profile to the Doppler receive beamformer as a vector of on and off range gate sample values representative of receive times corresponding to depth.

58. The beamformer control of claim 47 wherein the receive beamformer system is an imaging receive beamformer system, the beamformer control including:

means for communicating first and second apodization profiles at first and second reference ranges respectively from the primary control to the secondary control;

and wherein said communicating means additionally communicates one of (1) a range interpolation coefficient and (2) a range zone width between reference ranges from the primary control to the secondary control; and

means for interpolating in the secondary control between first and second apodization profiles using one of (1) the range interpolation coefficient and (2) a range zone width in order to compute an interpolated apodization profile, with a receive range located other at a reference range.

59. The beamformer control system of claim 47 wherein:

said focusing delay processor sums aberration correction delay profiles from an adaptive focus processor.

60. The beamformer control system of claim 47 wherein:

said focusing delay processor scales focusing time delay profiles for a different nominal center frequency than a nominal center frequency used as a basis for a sparsely-sampled reference delay profile.

61. The beamformer control system of claim 47 wherein:

said focusing delay processor interpolates focusing time delay profiles for selected ranges.

62. The beamformer control system of claim 28 wherein:

said primary control includes an apodization processor which generates an apodization profile obtained by modifying a base apodization profile with an apodization correction profile.

63. The beamformer control system of claim 47 wherein:

said secondary control includes an interpolator for interpolating among focusing time delay profiles supplied by the primary control at reference ranges.

64. The beamformer control system of claim 62 wherein:

said secondary control includes an interpolator for interpolating among apodization profiles supplied by the primary control at reference ranges.

65. The beamformer control system of claim 63 wherein:

said primary control additionally provides to the secondary control a time delay range interpolation coefficient for interpolating between two time delay profiles at reference ranges.

66. The beamformer control system of claim 62 wherein:

said secondary control computes an interpolated apodization value based on at least one of a range zone width and a correction range interpolation coefficient specified by the primary control.

67. The beamformer control of claim 28

wherein said secondary control comprises a calibrator for sampling signals from the receive beamformer on a signal-path-to-signal-path basis responsive to a calibration signal sent by the transmit beamformer system and for modifying operation of the receive beamformer system in response to the sampling of said signals.

68. The beamformer control of claim 28

wherein said primary control comprises a calibrator for sampling signals from the receive beamformer system on a beam-to-beam basis responsive to a calibration signal sent by the transmit beamformer system and for modifying the operation of the receive beamformer system in response to the sampling of said signals.

69. An ultrasound beamformer control system for use with (1) a transmit beamformer system for generating a transmit signal and (2) a receive beamformer system for processing a signal received from a target, the control system comprising:

a beamformer control for controlling the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system, said beamformer control comprising;

(1) a primary control for generating primary beamforming parameters for controlling both the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system, which primary beamforming parameters are generated for at least one reference depth; and

(2) a secondary control for generating secondary beamforming parameters, by interpolation, based on the primary beamforming parameters for controlling the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system, said secondary control thereby reducing a quantity of parameters stored and processed by the primary control, and thereby reducing the quantity of parameters which must be communicated from the primary control to the secondary control.

70. The beamformer control system of claim 69 wherein:

said interpolation coefficients provided by the primary control to the secondary control are dependent on focusing range.

71. The beamformer control system of claim 69 wherein:

said receive beamformer system comprises an imaging receive beamformer system and a Doppler receive beamformer system; and

said primary parameters generated by the primary control are usable by the transmit beamformer system, the imaging receive beamformer system, and the Doppler receive beamformer system.

72. An ultrasound beamformer control system for use with a receive beamformer system having a plurality of receive processors for processing a signal received from a target, the control system comprising:

a beamformer control for controlling the receive beamformer system, said control including;

a generator for providing a control profile to each of said receive processors in the receive beamformer system to account for attenuation of the signal received from a target due to passage through an object.

73. The beamformer control system of claim 72 wherein said generator independently provides a control profile to each of the receive processors.

74. The beamformer control of claim 72 wherein:

the receive beamformer system includes a plurality of multi-channel receive processors; and

said generator independently provides a control profile to each channel of each receive processor.

75. The beamformer control system of claim 72 wherein:

said generator provides at least one of the following frequency-vs-time profiles;

(a) a decreasing frequency followed by an increasing frequency over time;

(b) a fixed frequency over time; and

(c) a decreasing frequency over time.

76. The beamformer control system of claim 72 including:

a primary control for generating parameters which define the control profile; and

a secondary control for generating frequency-vs-time profiles from the control profile.

77. The beamformer control system of claim 75 including:

a primary control for storing control profiles which define the frequency-vs-time profiles; and

a secondary control for generating frequency-vs-time profiles from the control profiles supplied by the primary control.

78. The beamformer control system of claim 75 wherein:

said beamformer control stores at least one of the following parameters in order to define the frequency-vs-time profiles;

start frequency, frequency limit, frequency downslope, frequency upslope and frequency break time limit.

79. The beamformer control system of claim 72 wherein:

said beamformer control includes a phase processor for providing a phase adjustment value to the receive beamformer system which is comprised of a frequency adjustment component calculated as a demodulation phase value per signal sample and a phase value approximating a fine focusing delay value;

and wherein said generator provides a control profile to the receive beamformer system which accounts for attenuation of the signal due to passage through the object being imaged, provides said control profile to the phase processor for providing a phase adjustment value so that said signal can be used to calculate at least one of a frequency adjustment component and a phase value approximating a fine focusing delay value.

80. The beamformer control system of claim 79 wherein:

said generator provides at least one of the following frequency-vs-time profiles;

(a) a decreasing frequency followed by an increasing frequency over time;

(b) a fixed frequency over time; and

(c) a decreasing frequency over time;

to calculate each of the frequency adjustment component.

81. The beamformer control system of claim 72 wherein the receive beamformer system processes multiple simultaneous receive beams with at least two of the receive beams having a different carrier frequency and wherein:

said generator provides a control profile to the receive beamformer system which accounts for attenuation of the signal received from the target due to passage through said object, provides said control profile for each beam dependent upon a carrier frequency of that beam.

82. The control system of claim 72 wherein:

said generator is programmable in order to selectively provide a multiplicity of said control profiles.

83. The beamformer control system of claim 72 wherein:

said generator provides arbitrary frequency-vs-time profiles that track frequency-vs-time attenuation effects.

84. The beamformer control system of claim 72 wherein:

said beamformer control stores parameters for defining frequency-vs-time profiles.

85. The beamformer control system of claim 72 wherein:

said generator generates control profiles per receive beam in order to account for attenuation.

86. The beamformer control system of claim 72 wherein:

said generator generates control profiles which define frequency-vs-time profiles per receive beam and per-channel in order to account for attenuation.

87. An ultrasound beamformer control system for use with a transmit beamformer system for generating a signal and a receive beamformer system for processing a signal received from a target, the control system comprising:

a beamformer control for simultaneously controlling the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system, said control generates at least one of gain adjustments and phase adjustments to enable the transmit and receive beamformer systems to maintain at least one of amplitude coherence and phase coherence among receive scan lines.

88. The beamformer control system of claim 87 wherein

the transmit beamformer system transmits a first transmit beam at a first ultrasonic frequency and a second transmit beam at a second ultrasonic frequency;

the receive beamformer system receives a first receive beam corresponding to the first transmit beam, said first receive beam at a third frequency, a second receive beam corresponding to the second transmit beam, said second receive beam at a fourth frequency; and

wherein said beamformer control system generates adjustment parameters as a function of said first, second, third, and fourth ultrasonic frequencies, said adjustment parameters being operative to maintain at least one of amplitude coherence and phase coherence between said first receive beam and said second receive beam.

89. The beamformer control system of claim 87 wherein:

said beamformer control generates at least one of gain adjustments and phase adjustments to enable the transmit and receive beamformer systems to maintain at least one of amplitude coherence and phase coherence among receive scan lines for simultaneous beams per transmit event processed by the transmit beamformer system and for simultaneous beams per transmit event produced by the receive beamformer system.

90. An ultrasound beamformer system comprising:

a transmit beamformer system for generating a transmit signal;

a receive beamformer system for processing a signal received from a target which results from the transmit signal interacting with the target; and

a beamformer control system for controlling both the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system using at least one common expandable beamforming parameter profile.

91. The beamformer system of claim 90 wherein

said beamformer control system uses a common expandable beamforming parameter profile;

said common expandable beamforming parameter profile is expanded by the beamformer control system to produce a first expanded parameter profile to be programmed into said transmit beamformer system;

said common expandable beamforming parameter profile is expanded by the beamformer control system to produce a second expanded parameter profile; and

said receive beamformer system is programmed with at least one of the first expanded parameter profile and the second expanded parameter profile.

92. The beamformer system of claim 90 wherein:

said beamformer control system has a primary control system and a secondary control system;

said common expandable parameter profile is stored by the primary control system and communicated to the secondary control system where the common expandable parameter profile is expanded.

93. The beamformer system of claim 92 wherein:

said primary control system expands the common expandable parameter profile; and

said primary control system partially expands the common expandable profile before communicating the partially expanded profile to said secondary control system where it is further expanded.

94. The beamformer system of claim 90 wherein:

said beamformer control system has a primary control system and a secondary control system; and

said common expandable parameter profile is stored in and expanded by the primary control system and communicated to the secondary control system.

95. The beamformer system of claim 92 wherein:

said common expandable parameter profile comprises at least one of a focusing time delay parameter profile and an apodization-related parameter profile.

96. The beamformer system of claim 92 wherein:

said beamformer control system uses said common expandable parameter profile, wherein said profile is scan geometry independent; and

at least one of said primary and secondary control systems expands the parameter profile as appropriate for an arbitrary scan geometry format.

97. The beamformer system of claim 95 wherein:

said control system provides the parameter profile in order to allow the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system to maintain at least one of amplitude coherence and phase coherence among receive scan lines.

98. An ultrasound beamformer system comprising:

a transmit beamformer system for generating a transmit signal;

a receive beamformer system for processing a signal received from a target which results from the transmit signal interacting with the target; and

said transmit beamformer system comprising multiple transmit processors, each transmit processor operative to process signals for individual elements of a transducer array;

said receive beamformer system comprising multiple receive processors, each receive processor operative to process signals from individual elements of a transducer array;

a beamformer control system comprising a primary control system and a distributed secondary control system;

said distributed secondary control system comprising a separate secondary control for each transmit processor and a separate secondary control for each receive processor.

99. The beamformer system of claim 98 wherein:

said primary control system generates primary control parameters and communicates the primary control parameters to the distributed secondary control system; and

each of said secondary controls use the primary control parameters to generate secondary control parameters appropriate for the transmit and receive processors with which the individual secondary control is associated.

100. The beamformer system of claim 98 wherein:

said primary control system stores at least one sparsely-sampled parameter profile and generates a portion of the primary control parameters by expanding the sparsely-sampled parameter profile.

101. The beamformer system of claim 100 wherein:

said secondary control system further expands the sparsely-sampled parameter profile expanded by the primary control system.

102. The beamformer system of claim 100 wherein:

said sparsely-sampled parameter profile stored by the primary control system is common to both the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system.

103. The beamformer system of claim 98 wherein:

said primary control system stores at least one sparsely-sampled parameter profile comprised at least of focusing time delay profiles and apodization-related profiles; and

said primary control system expands said sparsely-sampled parameter profile by separately interpolating a time delay profile and an apodization-related profile using appropriate interpolation coefficients.

104. The beamformer system of claim 103 wherein:

said time delay profile comprises reference delay profiles; and

said apodization-related profile comprises at least one of;

apodization width profiles, apodization origin profiles, base apodization templates, and apodization correction profiles.

105. The beamformer system of claim 104 wherein:

said reference delay profiles are organized by reference ranges and reference scan line angles.

106. The beamformer system of claim 104 wherein:

said apodization width profiles are organized by reference ranges and scan line numbers.

107. The beamformer system of claim 104 wherein:

said apodization origin profiles are organized by reference ranges and scan line numbers.

108. The beamformer system of claim 104 wherein:

said base apodization templates are organized by type of apodization shape and aperture position.

109. The beamformer system of claim 104 wherein:

said apodization correction profiles are organized by reference ranges and reference scan line angles.

110. An ultrasound beamformer control system for controlling:

(1) a transmit beamformer system having a plurality of independent transmitters, each processing a signal used to construct at least one beam, and (2) a receive beamformer system having a plurality of independent receivers each processing a signal used to construct at least one beam, said control system comprising;

a control processor which can program each transmitter and each receiver with independently programmable parameters.

111. The beamformer control system of claim 110 further wherein each of said independent transmitters and receivers is programmed by said control processor for number of beams at least per transmit event.

112. The beamformer control system of claim 110 further wherein each of said independent transmitters and receivers is programmed by said control processor for per-beam transmit frequency and per-beam receive frequency, respectively, at least per transmit event.

113. The beamformer control system of claim 110 further wherein each of said independent transmitters and receivers is programmed by said control processor for shaping filter response at least per transmit event.

114. The beamformer control system of claim 110 further wherein each of said independent transmitters and receivers is programmed by said control processor with focusing time delay values at least per scan line range sample per receiver and at least per transmit event per transmitter.

115. The beamformer control system of claim 110 further wherein each of said independent transmitters and receivers is programmed by said control processor with apodization values at least per scan line range sample per receiver and at least per transmit event per transmitter.

116. The beamformer control system of claim 110 further wherein each of said independent transmitters and receivers is programmed by said control processor to select calibration values at least per transmit event.

117. The beamformer control of claim 110 further wherein said parameters of the transmitters and receivers are programmed at rates that support adaptive beamformation criteria.

118. An ultrasound beamformer control system for use with (1) a programmable transmit beamformer system for generating a transmit signal and (2) a receive beamformer system for processing a signal received from a target which results from the transmit signal interacting with the target, the control system comprising:

a beamformer control operative to control both the programmable transmit beamformer system and the programmable receive beamformer system by communication of beamforming parameter profiles to the programmable transmit beamformer system and the programmable receive beamformer system.

119. The beamformer control system of claim 118 wherein:

said beamformer control stores source parameter profiles which include parameters determined by at least one of (1) a transducer to be used and (2) a scan format to be used; and

said control interpolates between the parameters of the source parameter profiles in order to generate additional parameter profiles.

120. The beamformer control system of claim 118 wherein:

said beamformer control uses a scan line origin, a scan line angle, and a focus range in order to specify focusing time delay profiles and apodization-related profiles.

121. The beamformer control system of claim 120 wherein:

said beamformer control specifies focusing time delay profiles and apodization-related profiles on a per-transmit-event basis.

122. The beamformer control system of claim 120 wherein:

said beamformer control uses separate scan line parameters, including separate scan line origins and separate scan line angles, for each beam in a multiple simultaneous beam operation.

123. The beamformer control system of claim 120 wherein:

said beamformer control communicates parameters to at least one of the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system on a per-scan-line basis.

124. The beamformer control system of claim 118 wherein:

said beamformer control specifies a number of simultaneous beams transmitted by the transmit beamformer system independently from a number of simultaneous beams processed by the receive beamformer system.

125. The beamformer control system of claim 120 wherein:

said primary control uses (1) a plurality of reference ranges in order to specify focusing time delay profiles to the receive beamformer system and (2) a plurality of reference ranges in order to specify apodization-related profiles to the receive beamformer system.

126. The beamformer control system of claim 118 wherein:

said beamformer control specifies multiple focusing time delay profiles and multiple apodization-related profiles for at least one of single beam operation and multiple simultaneous beam operation.

127. The beamformer control system of claim 118 wherein:

said beamformer control specifies multiple focusing time delay profiles and multiple apodization-related profiles for each beam for at least one of single beam operation and multiple simultaneous beam operation for at least one of the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system.

128. The beamformer control system of claim 118 wherein:

said beamformer control independently selects reference ranges, (1) for the transmit beamformer system and (2) for the receive beamformer system, in single beam operation and multiple simultaneous beam operation.

129. The beamformer control system of claim 118 wherein:

said beamformer control independently specifies focusing time delay profiles and apodization-related profiles for each reference range.

130. The beamformer control system of claim 118 wherein:

said primary control independently specifies focusing time delay profiles to the receive beamformer system for each reference range.

131. The beamformer control system of claim 118 wherein:

said primary control includes a delay processor for generating expanded time delay profiles and an apodization processor for generating expanded apodization-related profiles.

132. The beamformer control system of claim 118 wherein:

said primary control includes a focusing control for focusing, including a delay processor for interpolating focusing time delay profiles to a selected scan line angle and for interpolating the angle-interpolated focusing time delay profiles to a selected scan line origin.

133. The beamformer control system of claim 132 wherein:

the delay processor performs linear interpolation.

134. The beamformer control system of claim 132 wherein:

said focusing control sums aberration correction delay profiles from an adaptive focus processor.

135. The beamformer control system of claim 132 wherein:

said focusing control scales focusing time delay profiles developed for a first nominal center frequency and applied at a second nominal center frequency.

136. The beamformer control system of claim 132 wherein:

said focusing control interpolates for a focusing time delay profile at a range among at least two reference ranges.

137. The beamformer control system of claim 132 wherein:

said focusing control generates apodization profiles which result from a modification of a base apodization profile with an apodization correction profile.

138. The beamformer control system of claim 132 wherein:

said beamformer control further includes a secondary control;

wherein for the receive beamformer systems, said secondary control includes an interpolator for interpolating a focusing time delay profile to a first range between scan-line-angle-and-origin-interpolated focusing time delay profiles supplied by the primary control at a first pair of reference ranges.

139. The beamformer control system of claim 138 wherein:

said primary control additionally provides to the secondary control of the receive beamformer system a time delay range interpolation coefficient per range sample.

140. The beamformer control system of claim 139 wherein:

said receive beamformer system includes a plurality of receive processors with said secondary control associated with each of said plurality of receive processors; and

wherein said time delay range interpolation coefficient is broadcast in common to all of the receive processors.

141. The beamformer control system of claim 118 wherein said beamformer control comprises a calibrator for sampling signals from the receive beamformer on a signal-path-to-signal path basis responsive to a calibration signal sent by the transmit beamformer system and for modifying the operation of the receive beamformer system in response to the sampling.

142. An ultrasound beamformer control system for use with (1) a transmit beamformer system for generating a transmit signal and (2) a receive beamformer system for processing a signal received from a target which results from the transmit signal interacting with the target, the control system comprising:

a beamformer control for controlling both the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system, said control including

a focusing control for generating a time delay profile.

143. The beamformer control system of claim 142 wherein:

said focusing control includes a focus processor for interpolating focusing time delay profiles to a desired scan line angle, and interpolating the focusing time delay profile to a desired scan line origin.

144. The beamformer control system of claim 143 wherein:

said focusing control interpolation performs linear interpolation.

145. The beamformer control system of claim 142 wherein:

said focusing control sums aberration delay correction profiles from an adaptive focus processor.

146. The beamformer control system of claim 143 wherein:

said focusing control focusing time delay profiles developed for a first nominal center frequency and applied at a second nominal center frequency.

147. The beamformer control system of claim 143 wherein:

said focusing control interpolates for a selected focusing range by interpolating between the focusing time delay profiles of at least two reference ranges.

148. An ultrasound beamformer control system for use with (1) a transmit beamformer system for generating a transmit signal and (2) a receive beamformer system for processing a signal received from a target which results from the transmit signal interacting with the target, the control system comprising:

a beamformer control for controlling both the transmit beamformer system and the receive beamformer system, said control including a beamforming control for generating an apodization profile.

149. The control system of claim 148 wherein:

said beamforming control generates the apodization profile by modification of a base apodization profile by an apodization correction profile.

150. A method for controlling (1) an ultrasound transmit beamformer system for generating a transmit signal and (2) an ultrasound receive beamformer system for processing a signal received from a target which results from the transmit signal interacting with the target, the method comprising the steps of:

using a set of sparsely-sampled reference time delay profiles;

origin shifting a first reference time delay profile by an integral number of transducer element widths to a first origin position;

angle interpolating the origin-shifted first reference time delay profile in angle; and

origin interpolating to a second origin of the angle-interpolated origin-shifted first reference time delay profile by a fractional transducer element width to a second origin position to create a second reference time delay profile.

151. The method of claim 150 including the step of:

adding a constant delay offset profile to the second reference delay profile.

152. The method of claim 150 including the step of:

adding an aberration correction delay profile from an adaptive focus processor to the second reference time delay profile.

153. The method of claim 150 including the step of:

scaling the second reference time delay profile developed for a first nominal center frequency and applied at a second nominal center frequency.

154. The method of claim 150 including the step of:

for transmit beamforming, if a desired transmit range is not a delay reference range, computing intermediate values based on adjacent reference ranges, which intermediate values when combined produce the time delay profile for the desired transmit range.

155. The method of claim 150 wherein for the transmit beamformer system that a transmit range is other than a reference range, the method includes the steps of:

scaling first and second time delay profiles at first and second reference ranges respectively in a primary control;

communicating the scaled first and second time delay profiles to a secondary control; and

summing the scaled first and second time delay profiles in the secondary control in order to compute a range interpolated time delay profile.

156. The method of claim 155 including the step of:

performing the scaling, communicating, and summing steps for a plurality of transmit processors which transmit processors taken together comprise the transmit beamformer system.

157. The method of claim 155 wherein the step of scaling:

uses a range interpolation coefficient to scale the first and the second time delay profiles.

158. The method of claim 150 wherein the receive beamformer system comprises an imaging receive beamformer system and with a receive range located at other than a reference range, the method includes the steps of:

communicating first and second time delay profiles at first and second reference ranges respectively from a primary control to a secondary control;

communicating a range interpolation coefficient from the primary control to the secondary control;

interpolating in the secondary control between the first and the second time delay profiles using the range interpolation coefficient in order to compute an interpolated time delay profile for the receive range.

159. The method of claim 158 including the step of:

performing the communicating steps and interpolating step for a plurality of imaging receive processors, which imaging receive processors when taken together comprise the receive beamformer system.

160. The method of claim 159 wherein the imaging receive processors are multi-channel receive processors, the method further comprising:

using a common range interpolation coefficient, which is broadcast to all channels associated with a beam, for all receive processors.

161. The method of claim 150 wherein the receive beamformer system comprises a Doppler receive beamformer system and with a receive range located at other than a reference range, the method includes the steps of:

interpolating in a primary control between first and second time delay profiles using a range interpolation coefficient in order to compute an interpolated time delay profile for said receive range; and

converting the interpolated time delay profile into a range gate enable profile and a phase rotation profile for approximating a fine focusing time delay.

162. The method of claim 161 including:

performing the converting step in the primary control.

163. The method of claim 161 including:

communicating a range gate enable profile to the Doppler receive beamformer as a vector of on-and-off range gate sample values representative of receive times corresponding to depth.

164. The method of claim 150 wherein:

said origin shifting step includes shifting the first reference time delay profile by an integer part of a line origin offset value.

165. The method of claim 164 wherein:

said origin interpolating step includes interpolating the origin-shifted angle-interpolated first reference time delay profile by a fractional part of the line origin offset value.

166. The method of claim 150 wherein:

said angle interpolating step includes linear interpolation.

167. The method of claim 150 including the step of:

adding one of a time delay and a time advance profile to cancel fixed and known analog propagation delays not included in the second reference time delay profile.

168. The method of claim 150 including the step of:

scaling the second reference time delay profile based on a selected nominal center frequency if the first reference delay profile was derived based on a different nominal center frequency.

169. The method of claim 150 wherein the steps of using, origin shifting, angle interpolating, and origin interpolating are performed in a primary control for the transmit and receive beamformer systems, and in which the method further comprises the step of:

interpolating among said second reference time delay profiles to form focusing time delay profiles for a selected range in a secondary control.

170. The method of claim 169 further comprising the step of:

applying a delay calibration factor in a secondary control to account for analog path delay differences.

171. The method of claim 169 further comprising the step of:

in a secondary control, adding an element-dependent and scan line origin-dependent and steering-angle-dependent focusing offset term to the calculated time delay profile in order to accomplish at least one of the following;

(a) to compensate for the effect of at least one of pipeline, filter, and envelope processing delays, (b) to customize the delay profile for special focusing requirements such as defocusing in color Doppler mode, (c) to stagger multiple simultaneous transmit beams in order to reduce beam interference, and (d) to unstagger multiple receive beams after transmit staggering.

172. The method of claim 169 further comprising the step of:

applying a focusing time delay profile in a first portion of a secondary control as an actual time delay and in a second portion of a secondary control as a phase shift approximating a residual time delay.

173. A method for generating apodization profiles for arbitrary scan line origin and angle to control (1) an ultrasound transmit beamformer system for generating a transmit signal and (2) an ultrasound receive beamformer system for processing a signal received from a target which results from the transmit signal interacting with the target, the method comprising the steps of:

calculating an apodization width using interpolation by scan line number and range among apodization width profile values;

calculating an arbitrary apodization origin using interpolation by scan line number and range among apodization origin profile values;

using the results of the first two steps together with a selected base apodization template to interpolate a base apodization profile;

calculating a correction profile using interpolation by scan line angle and range among apodization correction profile values; and

generating a corrected apodization profile by multiplying the base apodization profile with the correction profile.

174. A method for generating an apodization profile for arbitrary scan line origin and angle for a selected scan geometry, to control (1) an ultrasound transmit beamformer system for generating a transmit signal and (2) an ultrasound receive beamformer system for processing a signal received from a target which results from the transmit signal interacting with the target, the method comprising the steps of:

generating a base apodization profile for the selected scan geometry;

generating a correction profile for the selected scan geometry; and

generating a corrected apodization profile by modifying the base apodization profile with the correction profile.

175. The method of claim 174 wherein the receive beamformer system is an imaging receive beamformer system, and with a receive range being other than a reference range, the method including the steps of:

communicating first and second correction apodization profiles at first and second reference ranges respectively from a primary control to a secondary control;

communicating one of (1) a range interpolation coefficient and (2) a range zone width between the reference ranges from the primary control to the secondary control;

interpolating in the secondary control between the correction apodization profiles, using one of (1) the range interpolation coefficient and (2) the range zone width, in order to compute an interpolated apodization profile.

176. The method of claim 174 including the steps of:

calculating an apodization width using interpolation by scan line number and range among apodization width profile values;

calculating an apodization origin using interpolation by scan line number and range among apodization origin profile values; and

using a result of the first two steps together with a selected base apodization template to interpolate a base apodization profile in the base apodization profile generation step.

177. The method of claim 174 wherein:

said step of generating a corrected apodization profile includes multiplying together the base apodization profile and the correction profile.

178. The method of claim 174 wherein said step of generating a base apodization profile includes:

selecting a base apodization template appropriate to a selected reference range;

origin-shifting and width-scaling the selected base apodization template; and

interpolating the origin-shifted and width-scaled selected base apodization template in order to generate the base apodization profile.

179. The method of claim 174 wherein said step of generating the correction profile includes the steps of:

generating the correction profile for a selected scan line steering angle and at least one reference range including (1) interpolating in angle among correction profile values that have been origin-shifted in order to form the correction profile for the selected steering angle, and (2) interpolating array element positions to shift the correction profile to a selected origin.

180. The method of claim 174 wherein the steps of generating a base apodization profile, generating a correction profile, and generating a corrected apodization profile are performed in a primary control for the transmit and receive beamformer systems, and in which the method further comprises the step of:

range interpolating apodization profiles to selected ranges based on apodization profiles for at least one reference range, said range interpolating step performed in a secondary control.

181. The method of claim 180 further comprising the step of:

calibrating range-interpolated corrected apodization profiles in the secondary control with an apodization calibration factor profile in order to compensate for at least one of (1) analog path gain differences, (2) transducer element-to-element gain differences, and (3) a missing or failed element by readjusting the apodization of remaining active elements.

182. The method of claim 180 further comprising the step in the secondary control of adjusting range-interpolated corrected apodization profiles by a gain adjustment factor profile per beam for at least one of (1) compensating for processor filter attenuation and (2) performing beam-dependent gain management.