Gas generator

• US 5,582,806 A
• Filed: 08/26/1994
• Issued: 12/10/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 08/26/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Autoliv Development AB (Autoliv Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Autoliv Development AB (Autoliv Incorporated)
• Inventors: Haland, Yngve, Skanberg, Torbjorn
• Primary Examiner(s): McMahon, Timothy
• Assistant Examiner(s): Carpenter, Robert
• Application Number:
  US08/297,553
• Time in Patent Office: 837 Days
• Field of Search: 422/105, 422/107, 422/114, 422/165, 422/166, 422/199, 422/211, 422/305, 280/735, 280/737, 280/741, 280/742
• US Class Current: 422/305
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 7/00 Apparatus for generating gases production of inert gas mixtures B01J19/14; for generating specific gases, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. C01B, C10J ; in "air bags" on vehicles B60R21/26; for starter gas F02C7/26; blasting cartridges for producing gas under pressure F42B3/04
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 21/264 using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic B60R21/268 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F23D 14/32 using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air F23D14/38 takes precedence

Abstract

A gas generator for generating gas under pressure. The gas generator comprises a device for providing a first gas including a pressure vessel containing the first gas, the first gas being an oxidizing gas; a device for providing a second gas adapted to be oxidized by the first gas and including a pyrotechnic charge for generating the second gas when ignited. An oxidation zone of the gas generator includes an outlet, the first gas and the second gas being adapted to undergo an oxidation reaction in the oxidation zone for generating the gas under pressure. The first gas and the second gas are directed to the oxidation zone such that the oxidation zone contains a mixture of the first gas and the second gas for the oxidation reaction thereof, the second gas being of a sufficiently elevated temperature to initiate the oxidation reaction in the oxidation zone. A back-up catalytic device ensures initiation of the oxidation reaction of the mixture.

Claims

1. A gas generator for generating gas under pressure comprising:

means for providing a first gas including a pressure vessel containing the first gas, the first gas being an oxidizing gas;

means operatively connected with the means for providing a first gas for providing a second gas adapted to be oxidized by the first gas, the means for providing a second gas including a pyrotechnic charge for generating the second gas when ignited;

means for providing an oxidation zone operatively connected with the means for providing a first gas and the means for providing a second gas and including an outlet, the first gas and the second gas being adapted to undergo an oxidation reaction in the oxidation zone for generating the gas under pressure;

means operatively connected with the means for providing the oxidation zone for directing the first gas and the second gas to the oxidation zone such that oxidation zone contains a mixture of the first gas and the second gas for the oxidation reaction thereof, the second gas being of a sufficiently elevated temperature to initiate the oxidation reaction in the oxidation zone; and

back-up catalytic means disposed in the oxidation zone for ensuring initiation of the oxidation reaction of the mixture in the oxidation zone.

2. The gas generator according to claim 1, wherein the pressure vessel contains a third gas, the third gas being an inert gas.

3. The gas generator according to claim 2, wherein the inert gas is selected from the group consisting of argon and helium.

4. The gas generator according to claim 1, further comprising:

a sensor operatively connected with the oxidation zone for generating a signal in response to a sudden deceleration; and

valve means located between the pressure vessel and the oxidation zone, the valve means being adapted to be opened in response to the signal from the sensor for allowing the first gas to be introduced from the pressure vessel into the oxidation zone.

5. The gas generator according to claim 4, further comprising a squib operatively contacting the pyrotechnic charge for igniting the pyrotechnic charge, the squib being adapted to be activated in response to the signal from the sensor.

6. The gas generator according to claim 5, wherein the signal is an electrical signal.

7. The gas generator according to claim 1, wherein the catalytic means comprise a catalytic inert metal.

8. The gas generator according to claim 7, wherein the inert metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum, osmium, iridium, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium.

9. The gas generator according to claim 7, wherein the catalytic means comprise:

a catalyst; and

a porous substrate for supporting the catalyst.

10. The gas generator according to claim 9, wherein the substrate comprises one of alumina, asbestos and silica.

11. A gas generator for generating gas under pressure comprising:

a first vessel containing a first gas, the first gas comprising oxygen;

a second vessel operatively connected with the first vessel and containing a second gas adapted to combust with oxygen;

means for providing a combustion zone operatively connected with the first vessel and the second vessel and including an outlet, the first gas and the second gas being adapted to undergo combustion in the combustion zone for generating the gas under pressure;

means operatively connected with the means for providing the combustion zone for directing the first gas and the second gas to the combustion zone;

an igniter operatively connected with the means for providing the combustion zone for activating the means for directing to direct the first gas and the second gas to the combustion zone for combustion thereof for generating the gas under pressure; and

catalytic means disposed in the combustion zone for ensuring initiation of the combustion in the combustion zone.

12. The gas generator according to claim 11, wherein the catalytic means comprise a catalytic inert metal.

13. The gas generator according to claim 12, wherein the catalytic inert metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum, osmium, iridium, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium.

14. The gas generator according to claim 11, wherein the catalytic means comprise:

a catalyst; and

a porous substrate for supporting the catalyst.

15. The gas generator according to claim 14, wherein the substrate comprises one of alumina, asbestos and silica.

16. The gas generator according to claim 11, wherein at least one of the first vessel and the second vessel includes:

an outlet portion including at least one outlet port comprising an aperture, the outlet portion defining an outlet region;

sealing means disposed on the aperture for sealing the aperture;

a piston disposed in the outlet region, the piston having an end face and being adapted to be disposed in both an opening position, and a closing position in which the piston is positioned adjacent to and in supporting relationship with respect to the sealing means; and

means responsive to an activation of the igniter for moving the piston away from its closing position into its opening position in which the piston no longer supports the sealing means, a gas pressure within the at least one of the first vessel and the second vessel thereby breaking the sealing means when the piston is in its opening position for establishing a gas flow path to the combustion zone.

17. The gas generator according to claim 16, wherein the outlet portion is configured as a re-entrant well, the gas generator further comprising a tubular member having an interior and extending into the well, the piston being mounted for sliding movement on the tubular member such that there is a substantial sliding sealing fit of the piston within the well, the igniter being disposed to supply a third gas to the interior of the tubular member.

18. The gas generator according to claim 17, wherein the igniter is mounted within an end portion of the tubular member.

19. The gas generator according to claim 17, wherein the second vessel is mounted to surround a part of the tubular member projecting from the well.

20. The gas generator according to claim 19, wherein:

the second vessel has an end wall; and

the piston further includes a peripheral skirt having a plurality of transverse bores therethrough, the skirt being adapted to deflect the end wall of the second vessel when the piston is in its opening position for opening a gas flow path from the end wall of the second vessel to the part of the tubular member projecting from the well on which the second vessel is mounted and thereafter through the transverse bores to the combustion zone.

21. The gas generator according to claim 11, wherein:

the first vessel contains a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen at a pressure of approximately 200 bar; and

the second vessel contains hydrogen at a pressure of approximately 30 bar.

22. The gas generator according to claim 11, wherein an inert gas is present within at least one of the first vessel and the second vessel.

23. The gas generator according to claim 22, wherein the inert gas is helium.