Composite electrode for a lithium battery

• US 5,582,935 A
• Filed: 09/28/1995
• Issued: 12/10/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 09/28/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Electrovaya Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Electrofuel, Inc.
• Inventors: Dasgupta, Sankar, Jacobs, James K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Le, Hoa Van
• Application Number:
  US08/535,673
• Time in Patent Office: 439 Days
• Field of Search: 429/218, 429/233, 429/245
• US Class Current: 429/218.1
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/05 Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte H01M10/39 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/02 Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/64 Carriers or collectors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The composite positive electrode comprises a metallic current collector sheet the surface of which bears a double layer of a mixed oxide interface containing an oxide of the metal of the current collector and a transition metal oxide, and a layer of the same transition metal oxide over the mixed oxide interface. The double layer is in contact with a positive electrode containing an oxide of the same transition metal as the cathode active ingredient. The composite positive electrode is designed to be incorporated in a rechargeable lithium battery.

Claims

1. A composite positive electrode for utilization in a rechargeable lithium battery, having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector, comprising:

i) a metallic current collector sheet, bearing at least one oxidizable metal,

ii) a mixed oxide interface layer bonded to a major face of said metallic current collector sheet, said mixed oxide interface layer comprising an oxide of said oxidizable metal in said metallic current collector sheet and a first oxide of a transition metal, said transition metal being selected from the group consisting of manganese, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, tungsten and alloys thereof,

iii) a layer of said first oxide of said transition metal overlain and bonded to said mixed oxide interface layer, and

iv) a positive electrode layer comprising a second oxide of said transition metal, said second oxide of said transition metal oxide being capable of incorporating lithium ions in its structure;

wherein said mixed oxide interface layer and said layer of said first oxide of said transition metal form a chemical and physical continuum between said metallic current collector sheet and said positive electrode layer.

2. A composite positive electrode for utilization in a rechargeable lithium battery, having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mixed oxide interface layer and said layer of said first oxide of said transition metal overlain and bonded to said mixed oxide interface layer have a combined thickness in excess of 0.05 μ

m.

3. A composite positive electrode for utilization in a rechargeable lithium battery, having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mixed oxide interface layer and said layer of said first oxide of said transition metal are obtained by chemical reaction between said major face of said metallic current collector sheet and a compound of said transition metal.

4. A composite positive electrode for utilization in a rechargeable lithium battery, having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mixed oxide interface layer and said layer of said first oxide of said transition metal are obtained by electrolytic treatment of said metallic current collector sheet in a solution containing a compound of said transition metal.

5. A composite positive electrode for utilization in a rechargeable lithium battery, having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mixed oxide interface layer and said layer of said first oxide of said transition metal are obtained by vapour phase deposition of said transition metal onto said major face of said metallic current collector sheet and subsequent oxidation.

6. A composite positive electrode for utilization in a rechargeable lithium battery, having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said positive electrode layer comprising a second oxide of said transition metal, has thickness in excess of 0.02 mm.

7. A composite positive electrode for utilization in a rechargeable lithium battery, having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said metallic current collector sheet is made of aluminum or an alloy thereof.

8. A composite positive electrode for utilization in a rechargeable lithium battery, having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said metallic current collector sheet is made of copper, one face of which bears a continuous coating of aluminum or an alloy thereof.

9. A composite positive electrode for utilization in a rechargeable lithium battery, having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said transition metal in said first oxide has the same oxidation state as in said second oxide of said transition metal.

10. A composite positive electrode for utilization in a rechargeable lithium battery, having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said oxide of said oxidizable metal is alumina and said transition metal is manganese.

11. A composite positive electrode for utilization in a rechargeable lithium battery, having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said oxide of said oxidizable metal is alumina and said transition metal is nickel.

12. A composite positive electrode for utilization in a rechargeable lithium battery, having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said oxide of said oxidizable metal is alumina and said transition metal is cobalt.

13. A composite positive electrode for utilization in a rechargeable lithium battery, having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mixed oxide interface layer is bonded to both major faces of said metallic current collector sheet and each mixed oxide interface layer is overlain and has bonded to it a layer of a first oxide of said transition metal.

14. A composite positive electrode for utilization in a rechargeable lithium battery, having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said positive electrode layer further comprises a lithium salt capable of dissociating and a binder compound.

15. A composite positive electrode for utilization in a rechargeable lithium battery, having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said metallic current collector is an elongated sheet, said positive electrode layer is made up of discrete electrode plates comprising said second oxide of said transition metal and said mixed oxide interface layer and said layer of said first oxide of said transition metal form a chemical and physical continuum between said metallic current collector sheet and said positive electrode plate.

16. A rechargeable lithium battery having:

a) a negative electrode,

b) a lithium ion conducting electrolyte, and

c) a composite positive electrode having a metallic current collector and a transition metal oxide containing positive electrode in contact with the metallic current collector, comprising;

i) a metallic current collector sheet, bearing at least one oxidizable metal,

ii) a mixed oxide interface layer bonded to a major face of said metallic current collector sheet, said mixed oxide interface layer comprising an oxide of said oxidizable metal in said metallic current collector sheet and a first oxide of a transition metal, said transition metal being selected from the group consisting of manganese, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, tungsten and alloys thereof,

iii) a layer of said first oxide of said transition metal overlain and bonded to said mixed oxide interface layer, and

iv) a positive electrode layer comprising a second oxide of said transition metal, said second oxide of said transition metal oxide being capable of incorporating lithium ions in its structure;

wherein said mixed oxide interface layer and said layer of said first oxide of said transition metal form a chemical and physical continuum between said metallic current collector sheet and said positive electrode layer.

17. A rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 16, wherein said lithium ion conducting electrolyte is a lithium ion containing solid polymer electrolyte.

18. A rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 16, wherein said lithium ion conducting electrolyte is a microporous polymer impregnated with a lithium ion containing organic liquid.

19. A rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 16, wherein said transition metal in said first oxide has the same oxidation state as in said second oxide of said transition metal.

20. A rechargeable lithium battery as claimed in claim 16, wherein said mixed oxide interface layer is bonded to both major faces of said metallic current collector sheet bearing at least one oxidizable metal.