Object-oriented curve manipulation system

• US 5,583,977 A
• Filed: 10/21/1993
• Issued: 12/10/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 10/21/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Taligent, Inc. (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Seidl, Robert
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Phu K.
• Application Number:
  US08/139,951
• Time in Patent Office: 1,146 Days
• Field of Search: 395/133, 395/136, 395/137, 395/138, 395/139, 345/126, 345/127
• US Class Current: 345/619
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04845 for image manipulation, e.g. dragging, rotation, expansion or change of colour

Abstract

A method and apparatus enables direct manipulation of 3D curve images on a computer display. In accordance with this method and apparatus, a curve object is created which, in turn, generates a 3D virtual box image enclosing a portion of a selected curve image. The 3D virtual box image has areas which are sensitive to a pointing device cursor such that a user can select an area and use it to manipulate the virtual box. Manipulation of the virtual box causes the curve object to redisplay the portion of the curve image within the box so that the curve image is changed with direct kinesthetic correspondence between the manipulation of the virtual box and the curve image.

Claims

1. A method for manipulating a curve object which generates a three-dimensional representation on a display coupled to a computer with a user actuated input controller for selectively positioning a cursor at a location on the display, comprising the steps of:

a) displaying a three-dimensional representation of a virtual box sized and positioned to surround a portion of the three-dimensional representation on the display, the three-dimensional representation extending outside the virtual box, the virtual box having at least one active zone sensitive to the presence of the cursor;

b) detecting the cursor'"'"'s location over the at least one active zone;

c) activating a control movement type specified by the at least one active zone under the cursor;

d) responding to a reposition of the cursor by controlling the curve object to cause a manipulation of the portion of the three-dimensional representation surrounded by the virtual box; and

e) re-displaying the three-dimensional representation in accordance with the manipulation defined in step (d).

2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the virtual box is a generally rectangular box which provides a bounding box and includes the step of re-displaying the virtual box enclosing the portion of the three-dimensional representation in accordance with the defined movement of the control movement type.

3. The method as recited in claim 1, including the step of moving the virtual box and causing a corresponding deflection in the portion of the three-dimensional representation surrounded by the virtual box in the direction of the movement of the virtual box.

4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the input controller is a mouse.

5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the control movement types include rotation, scaling and translation.

6. The method as recited in claim 5, including the steps of translating a plurality of control points of the curve object by determining a difference in model space between the position of the cursor when the translation operation was activated and the current position of the cursor and transforming the difference into scaled and rotated coordinates using a scale transform and a rotate transform and adding the transformed difference to a translation transform to create a new translation transform and wherein re-displaying the curve object on the video display is in accordance with the scale transform, the rotate transform and the new translation transform.

7. The method as recited in claim 5, including the steps of rotating a plurality of control points of the curve object by transforming the position of the cursor when the rotation operation was activated by a scale transform and transforming the current position of the cursor by the scale transform and determining an angle created thereby versus a center point of the curve object and concatenating a rotation matrix of the angle into a rotation transform to create a new rotation transform and wherein re-displaying the curve object on the video display is in accordance with the scale transform, the new rotate transform and the translation transform.

8. The method as recited in claim 5, including the step of scaling a plurality of control points of the curve object parallel to the plane of the face of the virtual box.

9. The method as recited in claim 5, including the step of scaling a plurality of control points of the curve object by determining a ratio of the position of the cursor versus a center point of the curve object when the scaling operation was activated and the current position of the cursor in relation to a center of the curve object.

10. The method as recited in claim 1, including the step of activating the control movement mode by pressing a button on the mouse.

11. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the virtual box is a geometric figure with active regions corresponding to the geometric figure.

12. The method as recited in claim 1, including the step of changing the shape of the cursor when the computer has been signaled to activate a control movement type to indicate the type and direction of available curve object manipulations.

13. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the sensitive portion of the virtual box is an image of a hand.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein the virtual box has a user-modifiable axis associated therewith and wherein the method includes the steps of:

o) modifying the user-modifiable axis of the virtual box; and

p) controlling the curve object to manipulate the three-dimensional representation in relation to the user-modified axis.

15. A method for manipulating a curve object which generates a three-dimensional representation on a display coupled to a computer with a user actuated input controller for selectively positioning a cursor on the display, comprising the steps of:

a) displaying a three-dimensional representation of a virtual box sized and positioned to surround a portion of the three-dimensional representation on the display, the three-dimensional representation extending outside the virtual box, the virtual box having at least one active zone sensitive to the presence of the cursor;

b) displaying a dot on the three-dimensional representation where the virtual box is centered;

c) detecting the cursor'"'"'s location over the dot; and

d) responding to a repositioning of the cursor to effectuate a movement of the dot and the virtual box along the three-dimensional representation.

16. A method as recited in claim 15, wherein the three-dimensional representation is a curve having a tangent and the method includes the steps of:

(e) adjusting the virtual box orientation in relation to tangent; and

(f) adjusting the osculating plane orientation of the three-dimensional representation.

17. A method as recited in claim 15, including the steps of:

moving the cursor to a new location on the curve object;

pressing the mouse button; and

relocating the dot and the virtual box to the new location on the curve object.

18. A method as recited in claim 15, including the steps of:

detecting a cursor'"'"'s location over at least one active zone;

activating a control movement type specified by the active zone under the cursor;

responding to a repositioning of the cursor to effectuate a manipulation of the curve object; and

re-displaying the curve object in accordance with the defined manipulation of the curve object.

22. The apparatus as recited in claim 18, wherein the input controller is a mouse.

19. An apparatus for manipulating a curve object which generates a three-dimensional representation on a display coupled to a computer with a user actuated input controller for selectively positioning a cursor on the display, comprising:

a) means for displaying a three-dimensional representation of a virtual box sized and positioned to surround a portion of the three-dimensional representation on the display, the three-dimensional representation extending outside the virtual box, the virtual box having at least one active zone sensitive to the presence of the cursor;

b) means for detecting the cursor'"'"'s location over a least one active zone;

c) means for activating a control movement type specified by the at least one active zone under the cursor;

d) means for responding to a repositioning of the cursor by controlling the curve object to cause a manipulation of the portion of the three-dimensional representation surrounded by the virtual box; and

e) means for re-displaying the three-dimensional representation in accordance with the manipulation defined in step (d).

20. The apparatus as recited in claim 19, wherein the virtual box is a generally rectangular box which provides a bounding box and includes means for re-displaying the virtual box enclosing the portion of the three-dimensional representation in accordance with the defined movement of the control movement of the control movement type.

21. The apparatus as recited in claim 19, including means for moving the virtual box and causing a corresponding deflection in the portion of the three-dimensional representation enclosed by the virtual box in the direction of the movement of the virtual box.

23. The apparatus as recited in claim 19, wherein the control movement types include rotation, scaling and translation.

24. The apparatus as recited in claim 23, including means for translating a plurality of control points of the curve object by determining a difference in model space between the position of the cursor when the translation operation was activated and the current position of the cursor and transforming the difference into scaled and rotated coordinates using a scale transform and a rotate transform and adding the transformed difference to a translation transform to create a new translation transform and wherein re-displaying the curve object on the video display is in accordance with the scale transform, the rotate transform and the new translation transform.

25. The apparatus as recited in claim 23, including means for rotating a plurality of control points of the curve object by transforming the position of the cursor when the rotation operation was activated by a scale transform and transforming the current position of the cursor by the scale transform and determining an angle created thereby versus a center point of the curve object and concatenating a rotation matrix of the angle into a rotation transform to create a new rotation transform and wherein the means for re-displaying the curve object on the video display is in accordance with the scale transform, the new rotate transform and the translation transform.

26. The apparatus as recited in claim 23, including means for scaling a plurality of control points of the curve object parallel to the plane of the face of the virtual box.

27. The apparatus as recited in claim 23, including means for scaling a plurality of control points of the curve object by determining a ratio of the position of the cursor versus a center point of the curve object when the scaling operation areas activated and the current position of the cursor in relation to a center of the curve object.

28. The apparatus as recited in claim 19, including means for activating the control movement mode by pressing a button on the mouse.

29. The apparatus as recited in claim 19, wherein the virtual box is a geometric figure with active regions corresponding to the geometric figure.

30. The apparatus as recited in claim 19, including means for changing the shape of the cursor when the computer has been signaled to activate a control movement type to indicate the type and direction of available curve object manipulations.

31. The apparatus as recited in claim 19, wherein the sensitive portion of the virtual box is an image of a hand.

32. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the virtual box has a user-modifiable axis associated therewith and wherein the responding means includes means responsive to the repositioning of the cursor for controlling the curve object to manipulate the three-dimensional representation in relation to the user-modifiable axis.

33. An apparatus for manipulating curve object which generates a three-dimensional representation on a display coupled to a computer with a user actuated input controller for selectively positioning a cursor on the display, comprising:

a) means for displaying a three-dimensional representation of a virtual box sized and positioned to surround a portion of the three-dimensional representation on the display, the three-dimensional representation extending outside the virtual box, the virtual box having at least one active zone sensitive to the presence of the cursor;

b) means for displaying a dot on the three-dimensional representation where the virtual box is centered;

c) means for detecting a cursor'"'"'s location over the dot; and

d) means for responding to a repositioning of the cursor to effectuate a movement of the dot and the virtual box along the three-dimensional representation.

34. An apparatus as recited in claim 33, including means for adjusting the virtual box orientation in relation to the curve object'"'"'s tangent and the curve object'"'"'s osculating plane orientation.

35. An apparatus as recited in claim 34, including:

means for moving the cursor on the display to a new location on the curve object on the display;

means for detecting a signal indicative of relocation; and

means for relocating the dot and the virtual box to the new location on the curve object on the display.

36. An apparatus as recited in claim 35, including:

means for detecting a cursor'"'"'s location over at least one active zone;

activating a control movement type specified by the active zone under the cursor;

means for responding to a repositioning of the cursor to effectuate a manipulation of the curve object; and

means for re-displaying the curve object in accordance with the defined manipulation of the curve object.

37. A method for manipulating a curved 3D surface object which generates a three-dimensional representation on a display coupled to a computer with an input controller for selectively positioning a cursor on the display, the method comprising the steps of:

a) displaying a three-dimensional representation of a virtual box sized and positioned to surround a portion of the three-dimensional representation on the display, the three-dimensional representation extending outside of the virtual box, the virtual box having at least one active zone sensitive to the presence of the cursor;

b) detecting the cursor'"'"'s location over at least one active zone;

c) activating a control movement type specified by the active zone under the cursor;

d) responding to a reposition of the cursor by controlling the curved 3D surface object to manipulate the three-dimensional representation surrounded by the virtual box; and

e) re-displaying the three-dimensional representation in accordance with the manipulation defined in step (d).

38. The method of claim 37 wherein the portion of the three-dimensional representation surrounded by the virtual box has a gradient and the method includes the steps of:

f) activating a translate movement type to translate the portion of the three-dimensional representation along the gradient;

g) translating the portion of the three-dimensional representation in accordance with the repositioning of the cursor in step (d); and

h) re-displaying the three-dimensional representation to produce a deflection in the portion of the three-dimensional representation along the gradient in accordance with step (g).

40. The method of claim 37 including the steps of:

l) activating a scale movement type to scale the three-dimensional representation;

m) scaling the three-dimensional representation along parametric directions defined by the virtual box in accordance with the repositioning of the cursor in step (d); and

n) re-displaying the three-dimensional representation to produce a three-dimensional representation that is scaled along the parametric directions in accordance with step (m).

41. The method of claim 37 including the steps of:

o) activating a rotate movement type to slant a local portion of the three-dimensional representation, the local portion having a tangent plane;

p) slanting the local portion of the three-dimensional representation by changing the tangent plane in accordance with the repositioning of the cursor in step (d); and

q) re-displaying the three-dimensional representation to produce a three-dimensional representation that is slanted at the local portion in accordance with step (p).

42. The method of claim 37 wherein the three-dimensional representation has a gradient and the method includes the steps of:

r) activating a rotate movement type to twist a local portion of the three-dimensional representation about the gradient;

s) twisting the local portion of the three-dimensional representation about the gradient in accordance with the repositioning of the cursor in step (d); and

t) re-displaying the three-dimensional representation to produce a three-dimensional representation that is twisted about the gradient in accordance with step (s).

39. The method of claim 39 wherein the portion of the three-dimensional representation surrounded by the virtual box has a tangential plane and the method includes the steps of:

i) activating a translate movement type to translate the portion of the three-dimensional representation along the tangential plane;

j) translating the portion of the three-dimensional representation in accordance with the repositioning of the cursor in step (d); and

k) re-displaying the three-dimensional representation to produce a deflection in the portion of the three-dimensional representation along the tangential plane in accordance with step (j).

43. An apparatus for manipulating a curved 3D surface object which displays a three-dimensional representation on a display coupled to a computer with an input controller for selectively positioning a cursor on the display at a location, comprising:

means for displaying a three-dimensional representation of a virtual box to surround a portion of the three-dimensional representation on the display, the three-dimensional representation extending outside of the virtual box, the virtual box having at least one active zone sensitive to the presence of the cursor;

means for detecting the cursor'"'"'s location over at least one active zone;

means for activating a control movement type specified by the active zone under the cursor;

means responsive to a reposition of the cursor for controlling the curved 3D surface object to manipulate the portion of the three-dimensional representation surrounded by the virtual box; and

means responsive to the manipulation of the three-dimensional representation for re-displaying the manipulated three-dimensional representation.

44. The apparatus of claim 43 wherein the three-dimensional representation has a gradient and wherein the apparatus further includes:

means for activating a translate movement type to translate the portion of the three-dimensional representation along the gradient;

means responsive to the repositioning of the cursor for translating the portion of the three-dimensional representation; and

means responsive to the repositioning of the cursor for re-displaying the three-dimensional representation to produce a deflection in the portion of the three-dimensional representation along the gradient.

45. The apparatus of claim 43 wherein the three-dimensional representation has a tangential plane and wherein the apparatus further includes:

means for activating a translate movement type to translate the portion of the three-dimensional representation along the tangential plane;

means responsive to the repositioning of the cursor for translating the portion of the three-dimensional representation; and

means responsive to the repositioning of the cursor for re-displaying the three-dimensional representation to produce a deflection in the portion of the three-dimensional representation along the tangential plane.

46. The apparatus of claim 43 further including:

means for activating a scale movement type to scale the three-dimensional representation,

means responsive to the repositioning of the cursor for scaling the three-dimensional representation along parametric directions defined by the virtual box; and

means responsive to the repositioning of the cursor for re-displaying the three-dimensional representation to produce a three-dimensional representation that is scaled along the parametric directions.

47. The apparatus of claim 43 further including:

means for activating a rotate movement type to slant a local portion of the three-dimensional representation, the local portion having a tangent plane;

means responsive to the repositioning of the cursor for slanting the local portion of the three-dimensional representation by changing the tangent plane; and

means responsive to the repositioning of the cursor for re-displaying the three-dimensional representation to produce a three-dimensional representation that is slanted at the local portion.

48. The apparatus of claim 43 wherein the three-dimensional representation has a gradient and wherein the apparatus further includes:

means for activating a rotate movement type to twist a local portion of the three-dimensional representation about the gradient;

means responsive to the repositioning of the cursor for twisting the local portion of the three-dimensional representation about the gradient; and

means responsive to the repositioning of the cursor for re-displaying the three-dimensional representation to produce a three-dimensional representation that is twisted about the gradient.

49. A method for manipulating a sweep object having input parameters and generating an image having a surface displayed on a display coupled to a computer with an input controller for selectively positioning a cursor on the display, the method comprising the steps of:

a) displaying a three-dimensional representation of a virtual box proximal to one of the plurality of input parameters of the image on the display, the virtual box having at least one active zone sensitive to the presence of the cursor;

b) detecting the cursor'"'"'s location over at least one active zone;

c) activating a control movement type specified by the active zone under the cursor;

d) responding to a reposition of the cursor by controlling the sweep object to effectuate a manipulation of the one parameter of the image proximal to the virtual box; and

e) re-displaying the image in accordance with the manipulation of the one parameter.

50. The method of claim 49 wherein the one parameter of the sweep object is a contour and wherein step (a) includes the steps of:

(a1) deleting the sweep image surface from the display; and

(a2) displaying the plurality of input parameters of the sweep object as a wireframe rendering.

51. The method of claim 49 including the steps of:

f) activating a translate movement type to translate the one input parameter of the sweep object;

g) translating the one input parameter of the sweep object in accordance with the repositioning of the cursor in step (d); and

h) re-displaying the sweep object image to produce a sweep object image having a shape modified in accordance with the one input parameter as translated in step (g).

52. The method of claim 49 including the steps of:

i) activating a scale movement type to scale the one input parameter of the sweep object;

j) scaling the one input parameter of the sweep object in accordance with the repositioning of the cursor in step (d); and

k) re-displaying the sweep object image to produce a sweep object to image having a shape modified in accordance with the one input parameter as scaled in step (j).

53. The method of claim 49 including the steps of:

l) activating a rotate movement type to rotate the one input parameter of the sweep object;

m) rotating the one input parameter of the sweep object in accordance with the repositioning of the cursor in step (d); and

n) re-displaying the sweep object image to produce a sweep object image having a shape modified in accordance with the one input parameter as rotated in step (m).