Apparatus and method for controlling array antenna comprising a plurality of antenna elements with improved incoming beam tracking

• US 5,585,803 A
• Filed: 08/29/1995
• Issued: 12/17/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 08/29/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation)
• Original Assignee: ATR Optical And Radio Communications Research Laboratories
• Inventors: Tanaka, Toyohisa, Chiba, Isamu, Miura, Ryu, Karasawa, Yoshio
• Primary Examiner(s): Tarcza, Thomas H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): PHAN, DAO LINDA
• Application Number:
  US08/521,068
• Time in Patent Office: 476 Days
• Field of Search: 342/372, 342/81, 342/157
• US Class Current: 342/372
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/26 varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture H01Q3/12, H01Q3/22, H01Q3/24 take precedence

Abstract

In an apparatus and method for controlling an array antenna comprising a plurality of antenna elements arranged so as to be adjacent to each other in a predetermined arrangement configuration, a plurality of received signals received by the antenna elements is transformed into respective pairs of quadrature baseband signals, using a common local oscillation signal, wherein each pair of quadrature baseband signals is orthogonal to each other. Then predetermined first and second data are calculated based on each pair of transformed quadrature baseband signals, and are filtered using a noise suppressing filter. Respective elements of a transformation matrix for in-phase combining are calculated based on the filtered first and second data, and the received signals obtained from the each two antenna elements are put in phase based on the calculated transformation matrix. Thereafter, a plurality of received signals which are put in phase are combined in phase, and an in-phase combined received signal is outputted.

Claims

1. An apparatus for controlling an array antenna comprising a plurality of antenna elements arranged so as to be adjacent to each other in a predetermined arrangement configuration, the apparatus comprising:

transforming means for transforming a plurality of received signals received by said antenna elements of said array antenna into respective pairs of quadrature baseband signals, respectively, using a common local oscillation signal, respective quadrature baseband signals of the pairs of quadrature baseband signals being orthogonal to each other;

in-phase putting means, comprising a noise suppressing filter having a predetermined transfer function, said in-phase putting means using a predetermined first axis and a predetermined second axis which are orthogonal to each other and a transformation matrix for putting in phase received signals obtained from each two antenna elements of each combination of said plurality of antenna elements being expressed by a two-by-two transformation matrix including

(a) second data on said second axis proportional to a product of a sine value of a phase difference between the received signals obtained from said each two antenna elements of each combination, and respective amplitude values of the received signals thereof, and

(b) first data on said first axis proportional to a product of a cosine value of a phase difference between the received signals obtained from said each two antenna elements of each combination, and respective amplitude values of the received signals thereof,

said in-phase putting means calculating said first data and said second data based on each pair of transformed quadrature baseband signals, passing the calculated first data and the calculated second data through said noise suppressing filter so as to filter said first and second data and output filtered first and second data, calculating respective element values of said transformation matrix based on the filtered first data and the filtered second data, and putting in phase said received signals obtained from said each two antenna elements of each combination based on said transformation matrix including said calculated transformation matrix elements; and

combining means for combining in phase said plurality of received signals which are put in phase by said in-phase putting means, and outputting an in-phase combined received signal.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said combining means comprises:

calculating means for calculating respective correction phase amounts such that said plurality of received signals are put in phase based on said filtered first data and said filtered second data filtered by said in-phase putting means;

first phase shifting means for shifting phases of said plurality of received signals respectively based on said respective correction phase amounts calculated by said calculating means; and

first in-phase combining means for combining in phase said plurality of received signals whose phases are shifted by said first phase shifting means, and outputting an in-phase combined received signal.

3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2,

wherein said combining means further comprises:

correcting means for subjecting said respective correction phase amounts calculated by said calculating means to a regression correcting process so that, based on said arrangement configuration of said array antenna, said respective correction phase amounts are made to regress to a predetermined plane of said arrangement configuration, and outputting respective regression-corrected correction phase amounts,

wherein said first phase shifting means shifts the phases of said plurality of received signals respectively by said respective regression-corrected correction phase amounts outputted from said correcting means.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1,

wherein said combining means comprises:

in-phase transforming means for transforming one of respective two received signals of each combination of said plurality of received signals so that said one of said received signals is put in phase with another one of said received signals thereof, using said transformation matrix including said transformation matrix elements calculated by said in-phase combining means;

second in-phase combining means for combining in phase said respective two received signals of each combination comprised of a received signal which is not transformed by said in-phase transforming means, and another received signal which is transformed by said in-phase transforming means, and outputting an in-phase combined received signal; and

control means for repeating the processes of said in-phase transforming means and said second in-phase combining means until one resulting received signal is obtained, and outputting the one resulting received signal combined in phase.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:

multi-beam forming means operatively provided between said transforming means and said in-phase putting means, for calculating a plurality of beam electric field values based on said plurality of received signals received by respective antenna elements of said array antenna, directions of respective main beams of a predetermined plural number of beams to be formed which are predetermined so that a desired wave can be received within a range of radiation angle, and a predetermined reception frequency of said received signals, and outputting a plurality of beam signals respectively having said beam electric field values; and

beam selecting means operatively provided between said transforming means and said in-phase putting means, for selecting a predetermined number of beam signals having greater beam electric field values including a beam signal having a greatest beam electric field value among said plurality of beam signals outputted from said multi-beam forming means, and determining said beam signal having the greatest beam electric field value to be a reference received signal,

said in-phase putting means puts in phase with said reference received signal, the other ones of said plurality of received signals selected by said beam selecting means, using said transformation matrix including said calculated transformation matrix elements.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:

amplitude correcting means operatively provided before said combining means, for amplifying said plurality of received signals which are put in phase by said in-phase putting means respectively with a plurality of gains proportional to signal levels of said plurality of received signals, thereby effecting amplitude correction.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1,

wherein said in-phase putting means calculates elements of said transformation matrix by directly expressing said first data and said second data as the elements of said transformation matrix, and puts the other ones of said plurality of received signals except for one predetermined received signal in phase with said one predetermined received signal, using said transformation matrix including said calculated transformation matrix elements.

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4,

wherein said in-phase putting means calculates elements of said transformation matrix by directly expressing said first data and said second data as the elements of said transformation matrix, and puts respective two received signals of each combination in phase with each other, using said transformation matrix including said calculated transformation matrix elements.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:

distributing means for distributing in phase a transmitting signal into a plurality of transmitting signals;

transmission phase shifting means for shifting phases of said plurality of transmitting signals respectively by either one of said respective correction phase amounts calculated by said calculating means and said respective regression-corrected correction phase amounts outputted from said correcting means; and

transmitting means for transmitting said plurality of transmitting signals whose phases are shifted by said transmission phase shifting means, from said plurality of antenna elements.

10. A method for controlling an array antenna comprising a plurality of antenna elements arranged so as to be adjacent to each other in a predetermined arrangement configuration, the method including the steps of:

a) transforming a plurality of received signals received by said antenna elements of said array antenna into respective pairs of quadrature baseband signals, respectively, using a common local oscillation signal, respective quadrature baseband signals of the pairs of quadrature baseband signals being orthogonal to each other;

b) putting in phase received signals obtained from each two antenna elements of each combination of said plurality of antenna elements by using a predetermined first axis and a predetermined second axis which are orthogonal to each other and a transformation matrix being expressed by a two-by-two transformation matrix including

second data on said second axis proportional to a product of a sine value of a phase difference between the received signals obtained from said each two antenna elements of each combination, and respective amplitude values of the received signals thereof, and

first data on said first axis proportional to a product of a cosine value of a phase difference between the received signals obtained from said each two antenna elements of each combination, and respective amplitude values of the received signals thereof,

said step b) of putting in phase received signals including

b1) calculating said first data and said second data based on each pair of transformed quadrature baseband signals,

b2) filtering the calculated first data and the calculated second data with a predetermined transfer function so as to provide filtered first and second data,

b3) calculating respective element values of said transformation matrix based on the filtered first data and the filtered second data, and

b4) putting in phase said received signals obtained from said each two antenna elements of each combination based on said transformation matrix including said calculated transformation matrix elements; and

c) combining in phase said plurality of received signals which are put in phase, and providing an in-phase combined received signal.

11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said step c) of combining comprises the steps of:

c1) calculating respective correction phase amounts such that said plurality of received signals are put in phase based on said filtered first data and said filtered second data;

c2) shifting phases of said plurality of received signals respectively by said calculated respective correction phase amounts; and

c3) combining in phase said plurality of received signals whose phases are shifted, and providing an in-phase combined received signal.

12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein said step c) of combining further comprises the steps of:

c4) subjecting said calculated respective correction phase amounts to a regression correcting process so that, based on said arrangement configuration of said array antenna, said respective calculated correction phase amounts are made to regress to a predetermined plane of said arrangement configuration; and

c5) providing respective regression-corrected correction phase amounts,

said shifting step including shifting the phases of said plurality of received signals respectively by said respective regression-corrected correction phase amounts.

13. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said step c) of combining comprises the steps of:

c1) transforming one of respective two received signals of each combination of said plurality of received signals so that said one of said received signals is put in phase with another one of said received signals thereof, using said transformation matrix including said calculated transformation matrix elements;

c2) combining in phase said respective two received signals of each combination comprised of a received signal which is not transformed, and another received signal which is transformed, and providing an in-phase combined received signal; and

c3) repeating the processes of said step c1) of transforming and said step c2) of combining until one resulting received signal is obtained, and providing the one resulting received signal combined in phase.

14. The method as claimed in claim 10, further comprising the steps of:

d) calculating a plurality of beam electric field values based on said plurality of received signals received by respective antenna elements of said array antenna, directions of respective main beams of a predetermined plural number of beams to be formed which are predetermined so that a desired wave can be received within a range of radiation angle, and a predetermined reception frequency of said received signals, and providing a plurality of beam signals respectively having said beam electric field values, said step d) of calculating occurring after said step a) of transforming and before said step b) of putting in phase; and

e) selecting a predetermined number of beam signals having greater beam electric field values including a beam signal having a greatest beam electric field value among said plurality of beam signals outputted at said multi-beam forming step, and determining said beam signal having the greatest beam electric field value to be a reference received signal, said step e) of selecting occurring after said step a) of transforming and before said step) b) of putting in phase,

said combining step including putting in phase with said reference received signal, the other ones of said plurality of selected received signals, using said transformation matrix including said calculated transformation matrix elements.

15. The method as claimed in claim 10, further comprising the step of:

amplifying said plurality of received signals which are put in phase in said step b) respectively with a plurality of gains proportional to signal levels of said plurality of received signals, prior to said step c) of combining, thereby effecting amplitude correction.

16. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said step b) of putting in phase comprises the steps of:

calculating elements of said transformation matrix by directly expressing said first data and said second data as the elements of said transformation matrix; and

putting the other ones of said plurality of received signals except for one predetermined received signal in phase with said one predetermined received signal, using said transformation matrix including said calculated transformation matrix elements.

17. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein said step b) of putting in phase comprises the steps of:

calculating elements of said transformation matrix by directly expressing said first data and said second data as the elements of said transformation matrix; and

putting respective two received signals of each combination in phase with each other, using said transformation matrix including said calculated transformation matrix elements.

18. The method as claimed in claim 12, further comprising the steps of:

d) distributing in phase a transmitting signal into a plurality of transmitting signals;

e) shifting phases of said plurality of transmitting signals respectively by either one of said calculated respective correction phase amounts and said respective regression-corrected correction phase amounts; and

f) transmitting said plurality of transmitting signals whose phases are shifted, from said plurality of antenna elements.

19. An apparatus for controlling an array antenna comprising a plurality of antenna elements arranged so as to be adjacent to each other in a predetermined arrangement configuration, the apparatus comprising:

transforming means for transforming a plurality of received signals received by said antenna elements of said array antenna into respective pairs of quadrature baseband signals, using a common local oscillation signal, respective quadrature baseband signals of the pairs of quadrature baseband signals being orthogonal to each other;

phase difference calculating means, based on said transformed two quadrature baseband signals transformed by said transforming means, for calculating

(a) first data proportional to a product of a cosine value of a phase difference between two received signals obtained from a predetermined reference antenna element and another arbitrary antenna element, and respective amplitude values of said two received signals thereof,

(b) second data proportional to a product of a sine value of a phase difference between two received signals obtained from said each two antenna elements of each combination, and respective amplitude values of said two received signals thereof, and

c) a reception phase difference between said each two antenna elements of each combination based on the calculated first data and the calculated second data;

correcting means for correcting said reception phase difference so that a phase uncertainty generated such that the calculated reception phase difference between each of said two antenna elements of each combination calculated by said phase difference calculating means is limited within a range from -π

to +π

is removed from said reception phase difference, according to a predetermined phase threshold value representing a degree of disorder of a reception phase difference due to a multi-path wave, and for converting a corrected reception phase difference into a transmission phase difference by inverting a sign of said corrected reception phase difference; and

transmitting means for transmitting a transmitting signal from said antenna elements with the transmission phase difference between said each two antenna elements of each combination converted by said correcting means and with the same amplitudes, thereby forming a transmitting main beam only in a direction of a greatest received signal.

20. The apparatus as claimed in claim 19, wherein said correcting means calculates a reception phase difference between adjacent two antenna elements of each combination, calculates a plurality of equi-phase linear regression planes corresponding to all proposed phases of the phase uncertainty of the reception phase difference between said two adjacent antenna elements of each combination according to a least square method, removes said phase uncertainty using a sum of squares of a residual between said reception phase difference and each of said equi-phase linear regression planes and a gradient coefficient of each of said equi-phase linear regression planes, and corrects said reception phase difference by specifying only one equi-phase linear regression plane corresponding to the greatest received wave.

21. The apparatus as claimed in claim 20,

wherein said correcting means derives an equation representing said equi-phase linear regression plane corresponding to all the proposed phases of said phase uncertainty by solving a Wiener-Hopf equation according to the least square method using a matrix comprised of reception phase differences corresponding to all the proposed phases of the phase uncertainty of the reception phase difference between said two adjacent antenna elements of each combination and a matrix comprised of position coordinates of the plurality of antenna elements of said array antenna, and calculates the plurality of equi-phase linear regression planes corresponding to all the proposed phases of said phase uncertainty.

22. The apparatus as claimed in claim 20,

wherein said correcting means determines a transmission phase difference by multiplying a reception phase difference calculated from said equi-phase linear regression plane from which said phase uncertainty is removed by a ratio of a transmission frequency to a reception frequency, thereby converting said reception phase difference into said transmission phase difference.

23. A method for controlling an array antenna comprising a plurality of antenna elements arranged so as to be adjacent to each other in a predetermined arrangement configuration, the method comprising the steps of:

a) transforming a plurality of received signals received by said antenna elements of said array antenna into respective pairs of quadrature baseband signals, using a common local oscillation signal, respective quadrature baseband signals of the pairs of quadrature baseband signals being orthogonal to each other;

b) calculating based on said transformed two quadrature baseband signals

first data proportional to a product of a cosine value of a phase difference between two received signals obtained from a predetermined reference antenna element and another arbitrary antenna element, and respective amplitude values of said two received signals thereof,

second data proportional to a product of a sine value of a phase difference between two received signals obtained from said each two antenna elements of each combination, and respective amplitude values of said two received signals thereof, and

a reception phase difference between said each two antenna elements of each combination based on the calculated first data and the calculated second data;

c) correcting said reception phase difference so that a phase uncertainty generated such that the calculated reception phase difference between each of said two antenna elements of each combination is limited within a range from -π

to +π

is removed from said reception phase difference, according to a predetermined phase threshold value representing a degree of disorder of a reception phase difference due to a multi-path wave;

d) converting a corrected reception phase difference into a transmission phase difference by inverting a sign of said corrected reception phase difference; and

e) transmitting a transmitting signal from said antenna elements with said converted transmission phase difference between said each two antenna elements of each combination and with the same amplitudes, thereby forming a transmitting main beam only in a direction of a greatest received signal.

24. The method as claimed in claim 23, wherein said step c) of correcting comprises the steps of:

c1) calculating a reception phase difference between adjacent two antenna elements of each combination;

c2) calculating a plurality of equi-phase linear regression planes corresponding to all proposed phases of the phase uncertainty of the reception phase difference between said two adjacent antenna elements of each combination according to a least square method;

c3) removing said phase uncertainty using a sum of squares of a residual between said reception phase difference and each of said equi-phase linear regression planes and a gradient coefficient of each of said equi-phase linear regression planes; and

c4) correcting said reception phase difference by specifying only one equi-phase linear regression plane corresponding to the greatest received wave.

25. The method as claimed in claim 24,

wherein said step c4) correcting comprises the steps of:

deriving an equation representing said equi-phase linear regression plane corresponding to all the proposed phases of said phase uncertainty by solving a Wiener-Hopf equation according to the least square method using a matrix comprised of reception phase differences corresponding to all the proposed phases of the phase uncertainty of the reception phase difference between said two adjacent antenna elements of each combination and a matrix comprised of position coordinates of the plurality of antenna elements of said array antenna; and

calculating the plurality of equi-phase linear regression planes corresponding to all the proposed phases of said phase uncertainty.

26. The method as claimed in claim 24,

wherein said step c4) correcting comprises a step of determining a transmission phase difference by multiplying a reception phase difference calculated from said equi-phase linear regression plane from which said phase uncertainty is removed by a ratio of a transmission frequency to a reception frequency, thereby converting said reception phase difference into said transmission phase difference.