Molecularly imprinted materials, method for their preparation and devices employing such materials
First Claim
1. A method for molecularly imprinting a material, comprising:
- forming a solution comprising a solvent and (a) a polymeric material capable of undergoing an addition reaction with a nitrene, (b) a crosslinking agent, (c) a functionalizing monomer, and (d) an imprinting molecule;
evaporating the solvent to leave a residue;
exposing the residue to an energy source, thereby forming a crosslinked polymeric substrate; and
extracting the imprinting molecule from the crosslinked polymeric substrate.
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Abstract
A molecularly imprinted substrate and sensors employing the imprinted substrate for detecting the presence or absence of analytes are described. One embodiment of the invention comprises first forming a solution comprising a solvent and (a) a polymeric material capable of undergoing an addition reaction with a nitrene, (b) a crosslinking agent (c) a functionalizing monomer and (d) an imprinting molecule. A silicon wafer is spincoated with the solution. The solvent is evaporated to form a film on the silicon wafer. The film is exposed to an energy source to crosslink the substrate, and the imprinting molecule is then extracted from the film. The invention can be used to detect an analyte by forming films which are then exposed to a reaction energy to form a crosslinked substrate. The imprinting molecules are extracted from the crosslinked substrate. The film is exposed to one or more of the imprinting molecules for a period of time sufficient to couple the imprinting molecules to the film. The presence of the molecules is then detected. The invention also provides a molecularly imprinted polymeric material and sensors employing the molecularly imprinted polymeric material.
275 Citations
47 Claims
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1. A method for molecularly imprinting a material, comprising:
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forming a solution comprising a solvent and (a) a polymeric material capable of undergoing an addition reaction with a nitrene, (b) a crosslinking agent, (c) a functionalizing monomer, and (d) an imprinting molecule; evaporating the solvent to leave a residue; exposing the residue to an energy source, thereby forming a crosslinked polymeric substrate; and extracting the imprinting molecule from the crosslinked polymeric substrate. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. A method for molecularly imprinting a material, comprising:
forming a solution comprising a solvent and (a) a polymeric material capable of undergoing an addition reaction with a nitrene, (b) a crosslinking agent according to the formula ##STR21## wherein R is a lower alkyl group and X is a halogen, (c) a functionalizing monomer according to the formula ##STR22## wherein X is a halogen and Y is selected from the group consisting of --OH, --SH, --CHO, --COOH, --NH3, --NHR1 and --NR1 R2, and (d) an imprinting molecule; evaporating the solvent to leave a residue; exposing the residue to an energy source to form a crosslinked polymeric substrate; and extracting the imprinting molecule from the crosslinked polymeric substrate. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)
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25. A method for molecularly imprinting a material, comprising:
forming a solution comprising a solvent and (a) a polymeric material capable of undergoing an addition reaction with a nitrene, (b) a crosslinking agent according to the formula ##STR24## wherein R is a lower alkyl group and X is a halogen, (c) a functionalizing monomer according to the formula ##STR25## wherein X is a halogen and Y is selected from the group consisting of --OH, --SH, --CHO, --COOH, --NH3, --NHR1 and --NR1 R2, and (d) an imprinting molecule; coating a silicon wafer with the solution; evaporating the solvent to form a film on the silicon wafer; exposing the film to an energy source; and extracting the imprinting molecule from the film. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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31. A method for molecularly imprinting a material, comprising:
forming a solution comprising a solvent and (a) a polymeric material capable of undergoing an addition reaction with a nitrene selected from the group consisting of saturated polyolefins, acrylics, polystyrene, polystyrene analogs, unsaturated polyolefins, polyimides, polyesters, conjugated polymers, conducting polymers, inorganic polymers, organic metals, organometallic polymers, and polysaccharides, (b) a crosslinking agent according to the formula ##STR27## wherein R is a lower alkyl group, (c) a functionalizing monomer according to the formula ##STR28## wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of --OH, --SH, --CHO, --COOH, --NH3, --NHR1 and --NR1 R2, and (d) an imprinting molecule; spincoating a silicon wafer with the solution; evaporating the solvent to form a film on the silicon wafer; exposing the film to an energy source selected from the group consisting of energized electrons, energized ions, photons and heat; and extracting the imprinting molecule from the film. - View Dependent Claims (32, 33, 34, 35)
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36. A method for detecting an analyte, comprising:
forming solutions comprising (a) a substrate capable of undergoing an addition reaction with a nitrene, (b) a crosslinking agent according to the formula ##STR30## wherein R is a lower alkyl group and X is a halogen, (c) a functionalizing monomer according to the formula ##STR31## wherein X is a halogen and Y is selected from the group consisting of --OH, --SH, --CHO, --COOH, --NH3, --NHR1 and --NR1 R2, and (d) an imprinting molecule; evaporating the solvent to form a film; exposing the film to a reaction energy to form a crosslinked substrate; extracting the imprinting molecules from the crosslinked substrate; exposing the film to one or more of the imprinting molecules for a period of time sufficient to couple the imprinting molecules to the film; and detecting the presence of the imprinting molecule. - View Dependent Claims (37, 38, 40)
- 39. A molecularly imprinted polymeric material comprising a polymeric substrate crosslinked in the presence of an imprinting molecule with a crosslinking agent according to the formula ##STR32## and further including a functionalizing molecule according to the formula ##STR33##
Specification