Formation fluid flow rate determination method and apparatus for electric wireline formation testing tools

• US 5,587,525 A
• Filed: 04/27/1995
• Issued: 12/24/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 06/19/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Western Atlas International Incorporated (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Western Atlas International Incorporated (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Inventors: Michaels, John M., Shwe, Than
• Primary Examiner(s): Chilcot, Richard
• Assistant Examiner(s): AMROZOWICZ, PAUL DOUGLAS
• Application Number:
  US08/429,722
• Time in Patent Office: 607 Days
• Field of Search: 73/151, 73/155, 73/861.04, 73/152.01, 73/152.52, 73/152.51, 73/152.24, 166/264
• US Class Current: 73/152.52
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 49/008 by injection test; by analysing pressure variations in an injection or production test, e.g. for estimating the skin factor measuring pressure E21B47/06
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 49/10 using side-wall fluid samplers or testers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/2823 raw oil, drilling fluid or polyphasic mixtures hydrocarbon content of earth materials G01N33/241; prospecting G01V; drilling per se E21B
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 7/14 by allowing the material to emit a gas or vapour, e.g. water vapour, and measuring a pressure or volume difference determining urea G01N33/48742

Abstract

A method of determining the volume of a fluid sample withdrawn from an earth formation penetrated by a wellbore is disclosed. The method includes the step of positioning a formation testing tool adjacent to the earth formation. The tool includes a probe which can be selectively placed in hydraulic communication with the formation and excluded from hydraulic communication with the wellbore. The probe can be in hydraulic communication with a pressure transducer. The tool includes a sample chamber selectively placed in hydraulic communication with the probe. The chamber includes means for measuring the volume of the chamber and means for selectively controlling the volume of the chamber. The method further includes the steps of placing the probe in hydraulic communication with the formation, placing the sample chamber in hydraulic communication with the probe and selectively increasing the volume of the chamber while measuring the volume of the chamber and the pressure, determining the volume of the chamber when a fluid from the wellbore disposed within the probe at the start of withdrawal of the sample ceases to expand, by determining an expansion volume at which the pressure decreases less rapidly with respect to an increase in chamber volume, and determining the volume of the fluid sample by subtracting the expansion volume from a total volume of fluid withdrawn into the sample chamber.

Claims

1. An apparatus for withdrawing a fluid sample from an earth formation penetrated by a wellbore, comprising:

an elongated housing adapted to traverse said wellbore;

a probe disposed within said housing and adapted to be selectively placed in contact with said earth formation;

a pumping chamber disposed within said housing and selectively placed in hydraulic communication with said probe, said pumping chamber having a selectively controllable volume;

a pressure transducer disposed within said housing and in hydraulic communication with said probe;

means for selectively increasing and selectively decreasing said volume of said pumping chamber;

means for measuring said volume of said pumping chamber; and

means for recording measurements of said volume of said pumping chamber and pressure measurements made by said transducer with respect to time so that a measurement of a volume of fluid withdrawn through said probe into said pumping chamber can be determined exclusive of an expansion volume of fluid from said wellbore disposed within said probe prior to initiation of withdrawal of said fluid sample.

2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said pumping chamber comprises a bi-directional pump having pumping chambers disposed on either end, said pumping chambers selectively placed in hydraulic communication with said probe, said pumping chambers further comprising means for determining an axial position of pumping pistons adapted to travel axially through said pumping chambers for displacing fluid through said pumping chambers.

3. The apparatus as defined in claim 2 further comprising an electronics unit including a signal transmitter for sending signals generated by said means for determining axial position and by said pressure transducer to recording equipment disposed at the earth'"'"'surface.

4. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising a sample tank attached to said housing and selectively placed in hydraulic communication with said probe for collecting and transporting said fluid sample.

5. A method of determining the volume of a fluid sample withdrawn from an earth formation penetrated by a wellbore, comprising:

positioning a formation testing tool adjacent to said earth formation, said tool including a probe selectively operable to be in contact with said earth formation, said tool including a pumping chamber having means for continuously measuring the volume of said pumping chamber, said pumping chamber having means for selectively placing said pumping chamber in hydraulic communication with said probe, said pumping chamber having selectively operable means for controlling said volume, said tool including a pressure transducer in hydraulic communication with said probe;

placing said probe in hydraulic communication with said earth formation;

placing said pumping chamber in hydraulic communication with said probe and selectively increasing said volume of said pumping chamber;

measuring fluid pressure in said probe by means of said transducer and simultaneously measuring said volume of said pumping chamber;

determining said volume of said pumping chamber when a fluid from said wellbore disposed within said probe at the start of withdrawal of said fluid sample ceases to expand by determining an expansion volume at which said fluid pressure decreases at a different rate with respect to an increase in said volume of said pumping chamber; and

determining said volume of said fluid sample by subtracting said expansion volume from a total volume of fluid withdrawn into said pumping chamber.

6. The method as defined in claim 5 further comprising the step of determining a flow rate of fluid from said earth formation into said pumping chamber by measuring a time elapsed between cessation of expansion of said fluid from said wellbore and withdrawal of said volume of said fluid sample.

7. The method as defined in claim 6 further comprising determining said volume of said fluid sample and said flow rate by determining a second volume at which a mud filtrate disposed within said earth formation ceases to expand and subtracting said second volume from said volume of said fluid sample.