Protocol and mechanism for primary and mutter mode communication for asset tracking

• US 5,588,005 A
• Filed: 06/07/1995
• Issued: 12/24/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Tomlinson, Harold W., Channakeshu, Sandeep, Hassan, Amer A., Ali, Irfan, Hershey, John E., Hladik, Stephen M., Welles, Kenneth B. II, Koilpillai, Ravinder D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Olms, Douglas W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Jung, Min
• Application Number:
  US08/487,272
• Time in Patent Office: 566 Days
• Field of Search: 370/95.1, 370/95.2, 370/85.7, 370/85.8, 342/357, 342/450, 342/454, 342/457, 340/825.54, 340/991, 340/992, 340/993, 455/33.2
• US Class Current: 370/346
• CPC Class Codes: B61L 2205/04 Satellite based navigation systems, e.g. global positioning system [GPS]
• CPC Class Codes: B61L 25/021 Measuring and recording of train speed
• CPC Class Codes: B61L 25/025 Absolute localisation, e.g. providing geodetic coordinates
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/09 providing processing capability normally carried out by the receiver
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/14 specially adapted for specific applications
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0027 of actual mobile position, i.e. position determined on mobile
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/127 to a central station ; Indicators in a central station
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/18545 Arrangements for managing station mobility, i.e. for station registration or localisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/18576 Satellite systems for providing narrowband data service to fixed or mobile stations, e.g. using a minisatellite, a microsatellite for selecting H04W
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 8/02 Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/12 WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/20 Master-slave selection or change arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/70 in wireless communication networks

Abstract

A mode of communication for asset tracking units involves communication between a central station and the individual tracking units, usually through a satellite link. This mode is the primary communication link for tracking the assets. A second mode is the local area network (LAN) or "mutter" mode, in which a subset of tracking units communicate with each other in a mobile LAN. This mode is used as the secondary communication mechanism to conserve power, since mutter mode communication requires much less energy for local communication between the tracking units as opposed to direct satellite communication with the central station. In addition, mutter mode leads to increased reliability of the asset tracking system by enabling tracking of units which have batteries too weak to support communication with the central station, but strong enough to support communication in mutter mode. The mutter mode is also useful in finding tracking units which are not communicating with the central station due primary communication equipment fault or other inhibiting condition.

Claims

1. A method of tracking assets comprising the steps of:

affixing a battery powered tracking unit to each asset to be tracked;

communicating with each tracking unit from a central station to receive from each tracking unit identification (ID), location, battery strength, and signal quality;

storing and maintaining a table at the central station, said table including the ID, location, battery strength, and signal quality of each tracking unit;

sorting at the central station tracking units in the table by location to identify tracking units within groups proximate to one another;

sorting at the central station tracking units within each group to identify a tracking unit within said each group which has acceptable battery strength and signal quality; and

establishing a mobile local area network of tracked assets among a plurality of tracking units within said each group, each of said tracking units constituting a node of the mobile local area network, with a tracking unit within the group having acceptable battery strength and signal quality acting as a master unit and other tracking units in the group acting as slave units.

2. The method of tracking assets recited in claim 1 wherein the step of communicating with each tracking unit comprises the steps of:

assigning a time slot for transmission by a tracking unit to the central station;

transmitting a packet of information from a tracking unit to the central station, said packet of information including tracking unit ID, location, battery strength, and signal quality; and

transmitting commands to the tracking unit from the central station.

3. The method of tracking assets recited in claim 2 wherein said each tracking unit can assume an autonomous, master or slave mode, said each tracking unit initially being set in the autonomous mode, and wherein the step of establishing a mobile local area network comprises the steps of:

transmitting a command to a first tracking unit to poll a second tracking unit at a specified time;

polling the second tracking unit from the first tracking unit at the specified time;

communicating to the first tracking unit a response from the second tracking unit;

adding the second tracking unit to a slave list stored by the first tracking unit; and

setting the first tracking unit to a master mode.

4. The method of tracking assets recited in claim 2 wherein said each tracking unit can assume an autonomous, master or slave mode, said each tracking unit initially being set in the autonomous mode, and wherein the step of establishing a mobile local area network comprises the steps of:

transmitting a command to the first tracking unit to await a poll;

storing at the first tracking unit information received in the poll identifying the master tracking unit of the local area network; and

setting the first tracking unit to a slave mode.

5. The method of tracking assets recited in claim 3 wherein said each tracking unit can assume an autonomous, master or slave mode, said each tracking unit initially being set in the autonomous mode, and wherein the step of establishing a mobile local area network comprises the steps of:

periodically transmitting polls by the master tracking unit at specified times to tracking units on the slave list stored by the master tracking unit;

determining whether a response has been received from each tracking unit polled by the master tracking unit;

counting by the master tracking unit a number of consecutive failures to receive a response from polls for each tracking unit on the slave list; and

removing from the master tracking unit'"'"'s slave list any tracking unit having a number of failures exceeding a predetermined value.

6. The method of tracking assets recited in claim 5 further comprising the steps of:

checking the slave list of the master tracking unit to determine if the slave list is empty; and

setting the mode of the master tracking unit to autonomous when the slave list is determined to be empty.