Automated floor panel workcell

• US 5,590,046 A
• Filed: 04/01/1993
• Issued: 12/31/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/1990
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Original Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Inventors: Platt, Robert C., Hippe, Daniel A., Broadrick, Garth W., Anderson, Thomas Q., Christianson, Merrill A., Kalyan, Jagdish C., Ramachandran, Karapurath, Hughes, Arthur T., Nydegger, Daniel L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Trammell, James P.
• Application Number:
  US08/042,347
• Time in Patent Office: 1,370 Days
• Field of Search: 364/474.13, 364/474.71, 364/468, 364/478, 364/469, 364/470, 364/471, 364/473, 364/185, 83/71, 83/74, 83/520, 83/521, 83/522, 198/817, 198/840, 198/845
• US Class Current: 700/171
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 19/18 Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form G05B19/418 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 19/4184 characterised by fault tolerance, reliability of production system
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/45234 Thin flat workpiece, sheet metal machining
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/2257 using expert systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 90/02 Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Abstract

A workcell for making parts in a vertical orientation from rigid sheet material capable of self-support on edge includes a plurality of CNC machines for performing machining operations on said sheet material in a vertical orientation. The CNC machines receive machine control data from a cell controller which, in turn, receives nest order packages from a factory system. The parts data from which the factory system constructs the nest order packages comes from the original engineering parts definition in a central data storage system which is the ultimate parts design authority of the assembly for which the parts are to be made. The rigid sheet material is transferred in a vertical orientation to and between the CNC machines in at least one automated handling cart. The cart has a transfer mechanism for transferring sheets of the rigid sheet material on edge between the cart and the CNC machines. A motive mechanism is provided for driving the cart between the CNC machines under control of the cell controller, and for stopping the cart with its transfer mechanism in registry with the CNC machines.

Claims

1. A method of making parts from rigid, self-supporting sheet material, comprising:

creating a virtual nest of parts on a space equal to a standard sheet of said rigid sheet material;

loading a working sheet of said rigid sheet material having said standard size, on edge, into a CNC machine;

in said CNC machine, cutting at least one reference cut into said working sheet for future indexing;

moving said working sheet, on edge, to a second CNC machine and indexing said working sheet, on edge, to a known position on said second CNC machine using said reference cut;

positioning a tool of a second CNC machine precisely at a predetermined position on said working sheet using said reference cut as a reference, and performing additional operations on said working sheet in said second CNC machine; and

cutting the periphery of each nested part on said working sheet to separate said parts from said working sheet.

2. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein:

said virtual nest includes a computer generated layout of parts on said space, positioned to minimize waste.

3. A method as defined in claim 2, further comprising:

downloading said computer generated layout of parts to a workcell controller;

generating a work order in said workcell controller which schedules all operations and the sequence thereof required to produce said parts according to said virtual nest from said working sheet; and

communicating instructions for operations to said CNC machines.

4. A method as defined in claim 3, further comprising:

cutting holes in said working sheet and installing inserts in said holes before making a peripheral cut in said working sheet that will separate said parts from said sheet.

5. A method as defined in claim 4, further comprising:

holding said working sheet against a porous material in a vertical position, and drawing a vacuum through said porous material, while said peripheral cut is made, to hold said working sheet and said parts securely in position in said vertical orientation on said porous material during said peripheral cutting.

6. A method as defined in claim 5, further comprising:

tilting said porous material down to a horizontal orientation and turning off said vacuum to release said parts for removal from said porous material after said peripheral cutting.

7. A workcell for making parts in a vertical orientation from rigid sheet material capable of self-support on edge, comprising:

a plurality of CNC machines for performing machining operations on said sheet material in a vertical orientation;

a cell controller for receiving nest order packages from a Factory System, and downloading machine control data to said CNC machines for controlling the movements of tools in said CNC machines;

at least one automated handling device for receiving and holding sheets of said sheet material in a vertical orientation;

a transfer mechanism in said automated handling device for transferring sheets of said sheet material between said automated handling device and said CNC machines in a vertical orientation;

a motive mechanism for driving said automated handling device between said CNC machines under control of said cell controller, and for stopping said automated handling device with its transfer mechanism in registry with said CNC machines.

8. A workcell as defined in claim 7, wherein:

said automated material handling device has slots oriented vertically for receiving and holding said sheets, and said CNC machines receive and hold said sheets in a vertical orientation for said machining operations.

9. A workcell as defined in claim 7, further comprising:

a vacuum system for holding said sheets on a bed of at least one of said CNC machines.

10. A workcell as defined in claim 9, further comprising:

a bed of porous material between said vacuum system and said sheet for transferring low pressure from said vacuum system to said sheet and for spacing said sheet from a bed of said CNC machine to prevent damage by said CNC machine tools.

11. A workcell as defined in claim 7, further comprising:

an exception processor for identifying, archiving and analyzing manufacturing errors, and for defining a detailed procedure to bring the equipment and manufacturing process back into control to continue the manufacturing plan, said exception processor including;

an expert system to capture knowledge from prior experience with errors and retrieve information regarding prior recoveries from errors for display.

12. A workcell as defined in claim 7, wherein:

one of said CNC machines is an automatic insert installation machine having an adhesive applicator for applying adhesive to an underside area of a flange on said insert, and an inserter having a motive mechanism for moving said inserter, said motive mechanism operating under instructions from part definition information to orient an insert with a correctly applied amount of adhesive correctly applied to said underside of said flange with a selected one of a plurality of holes in said sheet; and

push said insert with a correctly applied amount of adhesive correctly applied to said underside of said flange into said one hole.

13. A workcell as defined in claim 7, further comprising:

a sheet holder on one of said CNC machines for positioning said sheet opposite a hole cutter under control of said cell controller, for cutting holes in said sheet in correct locations on said sheet material which, after peripheral routing, become correct locations in parts;

a sheet holder on another of said CNC machines for holding and moving said sheet with respect to a router for routing around a part periphery for cutting parts out of said sheet after holes are drilled therein and inserts are installed in said holes.

14. A workcell as defined in claim 10, further comprising:

a tilt mechanism for tilting said porous material down to a horizontal orientation for removal of said parts from said porous material after said peripheral cutting and after turning off said vacuum to release said parts.

15. A workcell as defined in claim 7, further comprising:

a load work station including a tilt table for loading sheets in a horizontal orientation and for tilting said sheets to a vertical orientation, and a transfer frame for transferring said sheets from said tilt table to said automated handling device in a vertical orientation for delivery to said CNC machines.

16. A workcell as defined in claim 7, wherein:

said Factory System includes a nesting computer for creating a virtual nest of parts in a virtual space equal in size to a standard sheet of said rigid sheet material.

17. A workcell as defined in claim 16, wherein:

said Factory System further includes a post processor for converting said virtual nest of parts into CNC machine instructions for controlling said CNC machines to make said parts.

18. A workcell as defined in claim 17, further comprising:

a cell controller for utilizing said CNC machine instructions to control said CNC machines and said automated handling device in manufacturing said parts.

19. A workcell as defined in claim 7, further comprising:

a communication system for transmission of digital data from said Factory System to said cell controller and thence through a communication server to said individual CNC machines and said automated handling device.

20. A method of installing flanged inserts in a panel of nested parts in an automated workcell, comprising:

creating machine control data files from a digital definition of said parts from original engineering parts definition files, and a nesting program which positions virtual parts in a virtual space equal in size to a standard sheet of material from which said parts will be made;

downloading said machine control data into a cell controller which controls machines and equipment in said workcell;

loading said panel into a CNC drilling machine and drilling a pattern of holes into said nested parts using said machine control data to control said drill;

loading said panel in a known orientation into an automatic insert installation machine;

applying adhesive to an underside area of a flange on said insert;

inspecting said insert with a visual system to ascertain whether the correct amount of adhesive was applied correctly;

rejecting said insert if an incorrect amount of adhesive was applied, or if said adhesive was applied in a wrong position;

positioning an inserter on said inserting machine, using the same part definition information that controlled said drill, to orient an insert with a correctly applied amount of adhesive correctly applied to said underside of said flange with a selected one of said holes in said panel; and

pushing said insert with a correctly applied amount of adhesive correctly applied to said underside of said flange into said one hole.