Method and apparatus for generating and employing a high density of excited ions in a lasant

• US 5,590,141 A
• Filed: 06/20/1994
• Issued: 12/31/1996
• Est. Priority Date: 04/24/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Electro Scientific Industries Incorporated (MKS Instruments Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Electro Scientific Industries Incorporated (MKS Instruments Incorporated)
• Inventors: Baird, Brian, Sun, Yunlong, DeFreez, Richard
• Primary Examiner(s): Bovernick, Rodney B.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Song, Yisun
• Application Number:
  US08/262,919
• Time in Patent Office: 925 Days
• Field of Search: 372/10, 372/25, 372/70, 372/75
• US Class Current: 372/10
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/377 in an optical waveguide structure
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/025 of solid state lasers, e.g. housings or mountings
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/0604 in the form of a plate or disc
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/0941 of a laser diode
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/09415 the pumping beam being parallel to the lasing mode of the pumped medium, e.g. end-pumping
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/109 Frequency multiplication, e.g. harmonic generation
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/117 using intracavity acousto-optic devices
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/16 Solid materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/1623 chromium, e.g. Alexandrite
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/1648 with the formula XYZF6 (Colquiriite structure), wherein X is Li, Na, K or Rb, Y is Mg, Ca, Sr, Cd or Ba and Z is Al, Sc or Ga
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/1082 with a special facet structure, e.g. structured, non planar, oblique
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/141 using a wavelength selective device, e.g. a grating or etalon H01S5/146 takes precedence

Abstract

A laser system uses a broad-area high-power diode laser in cooperation with a nonimaging concentrator, or an unstable resonator semiconductor laser, to end pump a relatively thin, solid-state, highly doped lasant. The laser system generates a very high density of excited ions in the lasant mode volume to produce high peak power pulses having comparable magnitudes over a wide range of pulse repetition frequencies.

Claims

1. A method for pumping a lasant including a mode volume having an absorption coefficient, a length along an optic axis, and active ions that are excitable to a metastable excitation state in which excited ions have an effective fluorescence lifetime, the method comprising:

generating a pumping bean having a high degree of lateral and spatial coherence at a pumping rate ω

_p ;

optically pumping with the pumping beam a nonstoichiometric lasant in which the mode volume has an active ion concentration of greater than 1%;

concurrently exciting greater than 1% of the active ions in the mode volume to the metastable excitation state, in which a solitary ion has a fluorescence lifetime τ

_f, to induce concentration-dependent depopulation mechanisms corresponding to a parameter B in addition to spontaneous and stimulated emission from the metastable excitation state, such that the inverse of a parameter "a" represents an effective fluorescence lifetime of excited active ions in the metastable excitation state, where parameter "a" is generally expressed as

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">a=(1/τ

.sub.f +ω

.sub.p +B),

thereby reducing the effective fluorescence lifetime of excited active ions in the metastable excitation state; and

employing a O-switch to generate from the lasant substantially high peak power pulses having comparable magnitudes over a wide range of pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) such that a dependence of energy per pulse on a PRF is generally expressed as E₁ =E₀ (1-e^-at), wherein E₀ represents the energy per pulse at a PRF that is less than 10 Hz and E₁ represents the energy per pulse at a PRF given by the inverse of an interpulse period t.

2. The method of claim 1 in which the concentration of excited active ions within the lasant mode volume induces concentration-dependent depopulation mechanisms including but not limited to ion-ion interactions and two-photon absorption.

3. The method of claim 1 in which the optically pumping step employs a diode laser that generates greater than about 1 watt of power.

4. The method of claim 1 in which the optically pumping step includes efficiently coupling light generated by a pumping source into the lasant mode volume.

5. The method of claim 1 in which the lasant comprises Nd:

YLF.

6. The method of claim 1 in which the lasant comprises a platelet.

7. The method of claim 1 in which the optically pumping step further comprises employing an unstable resonator semiconductor laser.

8. The method of claim 1 in which the PRF is greater than 1 kHz and the energy per pulse varies by less than 5%.

9. The method of claim 1 in which the optical pumping is employed in continuous wave mode.

10. The method of claim 1 in which a nonimaging concentrator is positioned between a pumping source and the lasant and comprises a high refractive index, crystalline dielectric material to efficiently couple the light into the lasant.

11. The method of claim 2 further comprising:

sufficiently reducing the effective fluorescence lifetime to maintain high peak power pulses over the wide range of repetition frequencies thereby substantially eliminating roll-off energy per pulse.

12. The method of claim 1 further comprising performing OTF repair on DRAMs at a PRF greater than 1 kHz.

13. A laser system for generating substantially high peak power pulses having comparable magnitudes over a wide range of pulse repetition frequencies, comprising:

a nonstoichiometric lasant positioned within a resonator cavity and having an absorption coefficient;

a substantially high power pumping source that generates light at a wavelength within an absorption bandwidth of the lasant at a pumping rate ω

_p ;

a greater than 1% concentration in the lasant of active ions excitable to a metastable excitation state in which a solitary excited ion has a fluorescence lifetime of τ

_f ;

a mode volume within the lasant having a length along an optic axis;

an optical coupler that couples the light generated by the pumping source into the mode volume, the mode volume length, active ion concentration, and pumping rate cooperating to excite greater than 1% of the active ions in the mode volume to the metastable excitation state and induce concentration-dependent depopulation mechanisms corresponding to a parameter B in addition to spontaneous and stimulated emission from the metastable excitation state, such that the inverse of a parameter "a" represents an effective fluorescence lifetime of excited active ions in the metastable excitation state, where parameter "a" is generally expressed as

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">"a"=(1/τ

.sub.f +ω

.sub.p +B); and

a Q-switch positioned within the resonator cavity for generating high peak power pulses at an energy per pulse E₁ at a PRF represented by the inverse of an interpulse period t, in which E₁ is generally expressed as E₁ =E₀ (1-e^-at), where E₀ represents an energy per pulse at a PRF that is less than 10 Hz.

14. The laser system of claim 13 in which the pumping source comprises a diode laser that generates greater than 1 watt of power.

15. The laser system of claim 13 in which the lasant comprises Nd:

YLF.

16. The laser system of claim 13 in which the lasant comprises a platelet.

17. The laser system of claim 13 in which the pulse repetition frequencies exceed 1000 Hz.

18. The laser system of claim 13 in which the laser pulses are suitable for OTF repair of DRAMs at a very high PRF.

19. The laser system of claim 13 in which it is operable in continuous wave mode.

20. The laser system of claim 13 in which a nonimaging concentrator is positioned between the pumping source and the lasant and comprises a high refractive index, crystalline dielectric material to efficiently couple the light into the lasant.

21. The laser system of claim 20 in which the lasant comprises a platelet and the nonimaging concentrator is end-coupled to the lasant.

22. The laser system of claim 13 in which the parameter B concentration-dependent depopulation mechanisms comprise Auger, ion-ion, or two-photon absorption interactions.

23. The laser system of claim 13 in which the pumping source comprises an unstable resonator semiconductor laser.

24. The laser system of claim 13 in which the PRF is greater than 1 kHz and the energy per pulse varies by less than 5%.