Drive circuit for light-emitting diode in pulse oximeter

• US 5,590,652 A
• Filed: 02/22/1996
• Issued: 01/07/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 06/15/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Nihon Kohden Corporation
• Original Assignee: Nihon Kohden Corporation
• Inventors: Inai, Takashi
• Primary Examiner(s): Sykes, Angela D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NASSER, ROBERT L
• Application Number:
  US08/605,583
• Time in Patent Office: 320 Days
• Field of Search: 128/633-4, 128/664-6, 356/41
• US Class Current: 600/323
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02416 using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation A61B5/14552 takes precedence

Abstract

Disclosed is a drive circuit for driving a light emitting diode in a pulse oximeter comprising at least two light emitting elements different in wavelength for irradiating a living tissue containing an arterial blood; a light receiving element for receiving light containing one of a reflected light and a transmitted light irradiated from the light emitting elements; a power supply for applying intermittently an inverse bias voltage toward the light emitting elements; and an inductor for applying an inverse electromotive voltage to the light emitting elements, the inductor being connected to the light emitting elements in parallel, wherein a ratio between light absorption change with respect to two wavelengths obtained from optical outputs of the light receiving element so as to obtain a degree of oxygen saturation of arterial blood.

Claims

1. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter for measuring a degree of oxygen saturation of arterial blood in a living tissue, said drive circuit comprising:

at least two light emitting elements different in wavelength for irradiating said living tissue containing said arterial blood;

a light receiving element for receiving light irradiated from said light emitting elements and traversing said living tissue directly and indirectly to said light receiving element;

means for intermittently applying an inverse bias voltage across said light emitting elements;

means including at least one inductor for applying an inverse electromotive voltage across said light emitting elements, said means for applying an inverse electromotive voltage being connected to said light emitting elements and to said means for intermittently applying an inverse bias voltage; and

signal processing means which is capable of calculating a ratio of a change of light absorption of at least two wavelengths transmitted alternatively from said light emitting elements,

wherein said ratio is based on signals output from said light receiving element and said ratio represents said degree of oxygen saturation of said arterial blood.

2. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said means for applying an inverse bias voltage comprises:

one inductor which is connected in parallel to all of said light emitting elements, wherein a DC voltage supplied by said power supply creates said inverse electromotive voltage within said inductor which in turn applies an inverse bias voltage across said light emitting elements; and

a drive control circuit, wherein said drive control circuit outputs at least one light element control pulse to control the application of said inverse bias voltage across said light emitting elements, such that said inverse bias voltage is alternatively applied to each of said light emitting elements.

3. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 2, wherein said means for applying an inverse bias voltage further comprises:

a switching means which comprises a plurality of switching devices;

a first input of each of said switching devices which is connected to said inductor and inputs said inverse bias voltage created by said inverse electromotive force of said inductor;

a first output of each of said switching devices which is connected to at least one of said light emitting elements; and

a second input of each of said switching devices, which is connected to said drive control circuit, wherein said drive control circuit intermittently outputs at least one of said light element control pulses to said second input of at least one of said switching devices in order to alternatively apply said inverse bias voltage to each of said light emitting elements.

4. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least one of said switching devices is an electrical switch.

5. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least one of said switching devices is a transistor.

6. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 3, wherein said means for applying an inverse bias voltage further comprises:

an enabling means for controlling an application of said DC voltage output from said power supply to said inductor.

7. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 6, wherein said enabling means comprises:

a transistor;

an emitter of said transistor which is electrically connected to said power supply;

a collector of said transistor which is electrically connected to said inductor and said switching means; and

a base of said transistor which inputs an enabling means control signal which is output from said drive control circuit to said enabling means in order to control the application of DC voltage output from said power supply to said inductor.

8. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 7, wherein at least one of said light emitting elements emits a red light and at least another of said light emitting elements emits an infrared light.

9. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 6, wherein said means for applying an inverse bias voltage produces:

an enabling means control signal which is output from said drive control circuit to said enabling means in order to control the application of said DC voltage output from said power supply to said inductor.

10. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 9, wherein said enabling means is an electrical switch.

11. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 10, wherein at least one of said light emitting elements emits a red light and at least another of said light emitting elements emits an infrared light.

12. A drive circuit for driving a light emitting diode in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said means for applying an inverse electromotive voltage comprises:

a plurality of inductors, wherein each of said inductors is connected in parallel to at least one of said light emitting elements.

13. A drive circuit for driving a light emitting diode in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 12, wherein said means for intermittently applying an inverse bias voltage comprises:

power supply means for outputting a first DC voltage;

switching means, which inputs said first DC voltage from said power supply means, for applying said first DC voltage to each of said inductors in an alternative application.

14. A drive circuit for driving a light emitting diode in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 13, wherein said means for intermittently applying an inverse bias voltage further comprises:

a drive control circuit, wherein said drive control circuit inputs a second DC voltage output from said power supply means and wherein said drive control circuit outputs at least one light element control pulse to said switching means for controlling said alternative application of said first DC voltage to each of said inductors.

15. A drive circuit for driving a light emitting diode in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 14, wherein said switching means comprises:

a plurality of switching devices;

a first terminal of each of said switching devices which is connected to at least one of said inductors and to at least one of said light emitting elements;

a second terminal of each of said switching devices which is connected to said power supply means and inputs said first DC voltage from said power supply means; and

a third terminal of each of said switching devices which inputs at least one of said light element control pulses from said drive control circuit.

16. A drive circuit for driving a light emitting diode in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 15, wherein at least one of said switching devices is a transistor, said first terminal is a collector, said second terminal is an emitter, and said third terminal is a base.

17. A drive circuit for driving a light emitting diode in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 16, wherein at least one of said light emitting elements is a red light emitting element and at least another of said light emitting elements is an infrared light emitting element.

18. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 15, wherein at least one of said switching devices an electrical switch.

19. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 18, wherein at least one of said light emitting elements emits a red light and at least another of said light emitting elements emits an infrared light.

20. A drive circuit as claimed in claim 14, wherein said first DC voltage and said second DC voltage are different DC voltages.

21. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 12, wherein said means for applying an inverse bias voltage further comprises:

a voltage generating means for altering a DC voltage output from said power supply; and

a first diode that has an input which is connected to an output of said voltage generating means and an output which is connected to at least one of said inductors, wherein said first diode controls a directional flow of said output of said voltage generating means.

22. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 21, wherein said means for applying an inverse bias voltage further comprises:

a delay circuit means which is connected to said output of said voltage generating means in order to delay said output of said voltage generating means in a manner such that said output of said voltage generating means is alternatively applied across each of said inductors; and

a second diode that has an input which is electrically connected to an output of said delay circuit means and an output which is connected to at least one of said inductors, wherein said second diode controls a directional flow of said output of said delay circuit means.

23. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 21, wherein said output of said voltage generating means creates said inverse electromotive voltage within at least one of said inductors which in turn applies a inverse bias voltage across at least one of said lighting elements.

24. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 22, wherein said output of said delay circuit means creates said inverse electromotive voltage within at least one of said inductors which in turn applies a inverse bias voltage across at least one of said lighting elements.

25. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 24, wherein said output of said voltage generating means creates said inverse electromotive voltage within at least one of said inductors which in turn applies a inverse bias voltage across at least one of said lighting elements.

26. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 25, wherein said voltage generating means is a pulse generator.

27. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 26, wherein at least one of said light emitting elements emits a red light and at least another of said light emitting elements emits an infrared light.

28. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 25, wherein said voltage generating means a sawtooth waveform generator.

29. A drive circuit for use in a pulse oximeter as claimed in claim 28, wherein at least one of said light emitting elements emits a red light and at least another of said light emitting elements emits an infrared light.

30. A drive circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said means for applying an inverse electromotive voltage comprises:

inductance means for receiving a DC voltage from said means for intermittently applying an inverse bias voltage, generating an inverse electromotive force according to said DC voltage, and applying said inverse electromotive voltage across at least one of said light emitting elements in response to said inverse electromotive force.

31. A drive circuit as defined in claim 1, further comprising saturation calculating means for measuring a degree of oxygen saturation of arterial blood based on an output of said signal processing means.