System and method for simultaneously collecting serial number information from numerous identity tags

• US 5,591,951 A
• Filed: 10/12/1995
• Issued: 01/07/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 10/12/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Original Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Inventors: Doty, Michael A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hajec, Donald T.
• Assistant Examiner(s): FILIPEK, JEFFER
• Application Number:
  US08/542,214
• Time in Patent Office: 453 Days
• Field of Search: 235/380, 235/375, 235/382, 235/435, 340/825.3, 340/825.31, 340/325.32, 340/825.34
• US Class Current: 340/10.3
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10039 interrogator driven, i.e. synchronous

Abstract

A system and method for simultaneously collecting serial number information reports from numerous colliding coded-radio-frequency identity tags. Each tag has a unique multi-digit serial number that is stored in non-volatile RAM. A reader transmits an ASCII coded "D" character on a carrier of about 900 MHz and a power illumination field having a frequency of about 1.6 Ghz. A one MHz tone is modulated on the 1.6 Ghz carrier as a timing clock for a microprocessor in each of the identity tags. Over a thousand such tags may be in the vicinity and each is powered-up and clocked by the 1.6 Ghz power illumination field. Each identity tag looks for the "D" interrogator modulated on the 900 MHz carrier, and each uses a digit of its serial number to time a response. Clear responses received by the reader are repeated for verification. If no verification or a wrong number is received by any identity tag, it uses a second digital together with the first to time out a more extended period for response. Ultimately, the entire serial number will be used in the worst case collision environments; and since the serial numbers are defined as being unique, the final possibility will be successful because a clear time-slot channel will be available.

Claims

1. A coded-radio-frequency identification system (10, 60), comprising:

a reader (12, 62,

     70) with a first radio frequency (RF) transmitter that provides for the transmission of a first start character and a log of received serial numbers and a first RF receiver that provides for the reception of a plurality of tag unit serial numbers;

a tag unit (14, 64,

     72) with a second RF receiver (34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46,

     48) that provides for the reception of said first start character and a second RF transmitter (28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42,

     44) that provides for the transmission of a unique serial number and an acknowledge character and a not-acknowledge character;

timing means (22, 82,

     102) connected to said second RF receiver and to a memory (50) for storing said unique serial number and providing for a time delay proportional to a first part of said unique serial number and connected to the second RF transmitter to send said unique serial number after said time delay;

retransmission means (12, 62, 88,

     108) for repeating said serial numbers received by said first RF receiver with said first RF transmitter;

matching means (22, 90,

     110) connected to said second RF receiver to compare said repeated serial numbers with said unique serial number in said memory and connected to transmit with said second RF transmitter said acknowledge character if a match occurred and said not-acknowledge character if a match did not occur;

acknowledgment means (12, 62, 96,

     116) connected to said first RF receiver to receive said acknowledge characters and said not-acknowledge characters from a plurality of tag units, wherein a simultaneous occurrence of both said acknowledge characters and said not-acknowledge characters combines to form a legitimate composite character;

log-in means (12, 62, 86,

     106) for storing said repeated serial numbers when said acknowledge character is received; and

collision occurrence means (12, 22, 62, 98-118) for using a second portion of said unique serial number to control the timing means.

2. The system of claim 1, further providing:

a third RF transmitter in the reader (62) and a third RF receiver (16,

     18) in the tag unit (64) which communicate a power illumination field having a carrier frequency of about 1.6 Ghz modulated by a clocking reference tone signal that provides operating power to the tag unit (64), and wherein said clocking reference tone signal is connected to provide (66,

     68) a timing reference for the timing means (22, 82,

     102).

3. The system of claim 2, wherein:

the tag unit (64) comprises a microcomputer (22) powered by a regulated power supply (20, 70,

     72) connected to said third RF receiver (16,

     18).

4. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the acknowledgment means (12, 62, 96,

     116) further comprises verification means (92, 94, 112,

     114) and are such that said acknowledge characters comprise an ASCII-code serial digital phrase "OK" and said not-acknowledge characters comprise an ASCII-code serial digital phrase "GO", wherein a simultaneous occurrence of both said acknowledge characters and said not-acknowledge characters combines to form a legitimate composite ASCII-code serial digital phrase "GK".

5. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the second RF transmitter (28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42,

     44) comprises a first transistor (30) connected to be switched by a data output port (PB) of a microcomputer (22), a second transistor (28) connected in series with said first transistor (30) and having an input connected to a clock input (X1) of said microcomputer (22), a set of steering diodes (32, 34,

     36) connected in series with the first and second transistors (30,

     28), a T-resonant circuit (38, 40,

     42) connected to said set of steering diodes (32, 34,

     36), and an antenna (44) connected to radiate energy from said T-resonant circuit (38, 40,

     42) injected by said microcomputer (22) and said first and second transistors (30,

     28).

6. The system of claim 1, wherein:

the second RF receiver (34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46,

     48) comprises a first transistor (48) connected to a data input port (IRQ) of a microcomputer (22), a second transistor (46) connected ahead in cascade with said first transistor (48) and having an input connected to a set of detector diodes (34,

     36), a T-resonant circuit (38, 40,

     42) connected to said set of detector diodes (34,

     36), and an antenna (44) connected to said T-resonant circuit (38, 40,

     42).

7. A method (70) for collecting data from a large number of reporting units (14, 64) in a localized area that all attempt to report simultaneously, the method comprising the steps of:

sending (80) a first interrogation signal ("D");

receiving (86) a plurality of data signals;

retransmitting (88) at least a portion of said data signals;

receiving (96) at least one of two types of verification signals ("OK", "GO") that appear to be a third type of verification signal ("GK") when said first two types of verification signals ("OK", "GO") are simultaneously received from at least two different sources;

quitting ("done") if said verification signal was a first of said first two types ("OK"); and

repeating the steps of sending (100), receiving data (106), retransmitting (108) and receiving verification (116) with a second interrogation signal ("E") if said verification signal received was a second of said first two types ("GO") or was said third type ("GK").

8. A method (72) for sending data from each of a large number of reporting units (14, 64) in a localized area that all attempt to report simultaneously, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving (78) a first interrogation signal ("D");

transmitting (82,

     84) an identification signal after a delay time dependent on a value represented by said identification signal;

receiving back (90) a repeated identification signal;

sending (92,

     94) one of two types of verification signals ("OK", "GO") according to whether said repeated identification signal included said transmitted identification signal;

quitting (92 to

     78) if said verification signal sent was a first of said first two types ("OK"); and

repeating the steps of receiving (98), transmitting (102,

     104) an identification signal, receiving back (110) and sending verification (112,

     114) if said verification signal sent was a second of said first two types ("GO") and a second interrogation signal ("E") is received.

9. A pair of cooperative processes (70, 72) for a coded-radio-frequency identification system (10, 60), the pair comprising the steps of:

issuing (74) a power illumination field from a reader (12,

     62);

receiving (76) said power illumination field to power up a tag unit (14,

     64);

waiting (78) to receive an ASCII-code serial digital character "D";

transmitting (80) said ASCII-code serial digital character "D" to begin and synchronize a time period for said tag units nearby to each report a unique serial number;

counting down a delay time (82) from said receipt of said ASCII-code serial digital character "D" based on a value represented by a first digit of said serial number, wherein as many as ten tag units with different first digits in their respective unique serial numbers can report in without colliding with said other reporting tag units;

transmitting (84) said unique serial number after said appropriate delay;

logging-in (86) all said unique serial numbers that report in;

retransmitting (88) said logged in serial numbers;

checking (90) by each tag unit (14,

     64) to see if its associated serial number was amongst those retransmitted, if so, said successful tag units are done and transmit (92) an ASCII phrase "OK", and if said associated serial number was not received back, transmitting (94) an ASCII phrase "GO" in said same time slot that "OK" would otherwise be transmitted;

reading (96) said responses of "OK" and "GO", if "OK", then said process (70) is finished because only one tag unit was reporting in said area and it verified said serial number received, but if said response was "GO" or appeared to be a "GK", then continuing by issuing (100) an ASCII-code serial digital character "E";

waiting (98) to receive said ASCII-code serial digital character "E" at said tag units (14,

     64);

counting down a delay time (102) from said receipt of said ASCII-code serial digital character "E" based on a value in said first two digits of said serial number;

transmitting (104) said serial number after said delay time;

logging-in (106) all said serial numbers that report in;

retransmitting (108) said logged-in serial numbers; and

checking (110) to see if said logged-in serial number included said unique serial number of a particular tag unit (14,

     64), if so, such corresponding tag units are done and transmit (112) an ASCII phrase "OK", but if said associated serial number was not received back, such tag units transmit (114) an ASCII phrase "GO" in said same time slot that "OK" is otherwise transmitted;

reading (116) said response, if it "OK", then the process (70) is finished, otherwise if said serial number retransmitted was not the same, including (118) one more digit in the step of counting down (102) and returning back to the step of waiting (98) to receive said ASCII-code serial digital character "E" at said tag units (14,

     64).