Control system and methods for a multiparameter electronically commutated motor

• US 5,592,058 A
• Filed: 05/27/1992
• Issued: 01/07/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 05/27/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Regal Beloit America, Inc.
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Shah, Rajendra K., Beifus, Brian L., Becerra, Roger C., Brattoli, Mark A., Archer, William R.
• Primary Examiner(s): SALATA, ANTHONY J
• Application Number:
  US07/889,708
• Time in Patent Office: 1,686 Days
• Field of Search: 378/254, 378/138, 378/439, 378/798-812, 378/432, 378/434, 361/23, 361/29, 361/30, 361/31, 361/33, 361/90, 361/92, 361/79, 388/804, 388/811, 388/819, 388/904, 388/907.5, 388/930, 62/126, 62/129, 62/154, 62/155, 62/157, 62/158, 62/159, 62/228.1, 62/228.4
• US Class Current: 318/400.09
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/30 for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/41 Defrosting; Preventing freezing
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/52 Indication arrangements, e.g. displays
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/64 using pre-stored data
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/76 by means responsive to temperature, e.g. bimetal springs
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/84 using valves
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/86 by controlling compressors within refrigeration or heat pump circuits
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/871 by controlling outdoor fans
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/88 Electrical aspects, e.g. circuits
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 2110/10 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 2140/50 Load
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 7/0856 characterised by the protection measure taken
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 6/085 in a bridge configuration
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 388/904 Stored velocity profile
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 388/934 Thermal condition

Abstract

A system which drives a component of a heating, ventilating, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system in response to a system control signal such as a temperature signal provided by a thermostat. The system includes a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly. The rotatable assembly is in magnetic coupling relation to the stationary assembly and is in driving relation to the component. The motor drives the component in response to a control signal generated by a microprocessor. The microprocessor is responsive to parameters representative of the system and to the system control signal. The parameters are stored in a memory and are defined in response to a parameter select signal. The control signal provided by the microprocessor controls the speed and torque of the motor. The system further includes an instruction memory for storing instructions controlling the operation of the microprocessor.

Claims

1. A system for driving a component of a heating ventilating, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system in response to a system control signal provided by a central means, said system comprising:

a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation to the stationary assembly, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, said motor driving the component in response to a control signal;

a programmable memory for storing parameters representative of the system;

means for receiving a parameter select signal for selecting at least one parameter stored in the memory;

means, including a microprocessor responsive to the selected parameter and to the system control signal, for generating control signals to control motor speed or torque as a function of the selected parameter and the system control signal; and

an instruction memory for storing instructions controlling the operation of the microprocessor.

2. The system of claim 1 further comprising means for providing a parameter select signal to the means for receiving a paramemter select signal.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein said means for providing a parameter select signal includes means for rectifying an AC supply voltage.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein said means for rectifying includes a positively biased diode for receiving the AC supply voltage and providing a positive half wave output signal, a negatively biased diode for receiving the AC supply voltage and providing a negative half wave output signal and means for selectively connecting to the parameter select signal receiving means either the AC supply voltage or the positive half wave output signal or the negative half wave output signal.

5. The system of claim 1 further comprising means for defining an air flow rate responsive to the parameter select signal.

6. The system of claim 5 wherein said means for defining an air flow rate comprises means for addressing the memory to select a set of operating parameters for the system corresponding to the defined air flow rate.

7. The system of claim 6 wherein said operating parameters include information corresponding to motor speed or torque.

8. The system of claim 7 further comprising means for selecting stored parameters responsive to the system control signal.

9. The system of claim 1 wherein the memory for storing parameters comprises a programmable, non-volatile memory.

10. The system of claim 1 further comprising means for interfacing the system control signal with said microprocessor.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein said means for interfacing the system control signal comprises a plurality of diodes configured in bipolar diode pairs for selectively receiving an alternating current (AC) supply voltage, each bipolar diode pair providing a composite output signal to said microprocessor, whereby the composite output signal is a half wave signal when only one diode of the pair receives the AC supply voltage and is a full wave signal when both diodes of the pair receive the AC supply voltage.

12. The system of claim 1 further comprising means for selecting stored parameters responsive to the system control signal.

13. The system of claim 1 further comprising means for receiving a mode signal for selecting at least one parameter stored in the memory wherein the mode signal is a pulse width modulated system control signal having a particular duty cycle for indicating a desired mode of operation of the motor and wherein the selected parameter is representative of the mode of operation and wherein the control signal generating means is responsive to the selected parameter.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein the mode signal indicates variable speed or torque operation of the motor and the duty cycle of the mode signal corresponds to the desired motor speed or torque.

15. The system of claim 1 wherein the memory comprises a nonvolatile memory for storing calibrating parameters representative of operation of said motor driving a predetermined load and wherein the control signals generated by said microprocessor are a function of the calibrating parameters.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein the calibrating parameters include a current offset and a multiplier.

17. The system of claim 1 wherein the memory comprises a nonvolatile memory for storing calibrating parameters representative of operation of said motor driving no load and wherein the control signals generated by said microprocessor are a function of the calibrating parameters.

18. The system of claim 17 wherein the calibrating parameters include current offset and a multiplier.

19. The system of claim 1 wherein said memory stores parameters representative of an operation of said motor, said motor being in combination with the HVAC system.

20. The system of claim 19 wherein the stored parameters represent the difference between the actual torque generated by the motor and the nominal values thereby representing the combined inaccuracies of the motor in combination with the HVAC system.

21. The system of claim 19 wherein the parameters correspond to a constant CFM calibration.

22. The system of claim 1 further comprising means for sensing a position of the rotatable assembly and providing a position signal to the microprocessor, said microprocessor responsive to the position signal.

23. The system of claim 1 wherein the memory comprises an EEPROM having one or more of the following parameters stored therein:

speed or air flow rate for various operating modes such as a heating mode and a cooling mode;

speed or air flow rates for different system capacities such as tons of cooling and kilowatts of heating;

parameters defining turn-on and turn-off time delays;

parameters defining motor speed or torque changes over time;

parameters defining the relationship between motor torque and air flow;

parameters defining the relationship between motor speed and air flow;

parameters defining a rate of linear increase in current for smoothly starting the motor; and

parameters defining direction of rotation; and

wherein the control signals generated by the microprocessor are a function of at least one of the stored parameters.

24. The system of claim 1 wherein the memory includes a parameter stored therein which is representative of a correction factor for correcting tolerance inaccuracies of the motor and wherein the control signals generated by the microprocessor are a function of the correction factor.

25. The system of claim 1 wherein the memory includes a parameter stored therein which is representative of a difference between the actual current being delivered to the motor and the expected nominal current and wherein the control signals generated by the microprocessor are a function of the difference.

26. The system of claim 1 wherein the rotatable assembly includes a rotor and wherein the memory includes a parameter stored therein which is representative of a compensation factor for compensating for torque variation caused by the magnetization level of the rotor and wherein the control signals generated by the microprocessor are a function of the magnetization level compensation factor.

27. The system of claim 1 wherein the memory includes a parameter stored therein which is representative of a difference between the actual torque being delivered to the motor and the expected nominal torque and wherein the control signals generated by the microprocessor are a function of the difference.

28. The system of claim 1 wherein the memory includes a parameter stored therein which is representative of a difference between the actual speed of the motor and the expected nominal speed and wherein the control signals generated by the microprocessor are a function of the difference.

29. The system of claim 1 wherein the memory includes a parameter stored therein which is representative of a difference between the actual power input into the system and the expected nominal power and wherein the control signals generated by the microprocessor are a function of the difference.

30. The system of claim 1 wherein the stationary assembly includes windings and further comprising power switching means for selectively providing power to the windings and an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) connected between the microprocessor and the motor for generating a signal corresponding to the control signals for controlling the power switching means.

31. The system of claim 30 further comprising means for sensing the position of the rotatable assembly and wherein said ASIC generates the power switching control signals in response to the position sensing means.

32. The system of claim 31 wherein the motor comprises an electronically commutated salient pole motor and the position sensing means comprises means for sensing the back electromotive force (EMF) of the stationary assembly.

33. The system of claim 32 further comprising means for sensing the position of the rotatable assembly as a function of zero crossings of the difference between the back EMF voltage of windings of the motor as compared to a reference level and wherein said ASIC commutates power to the motor windings as a function of the zero crossings.

34. The system of claim 33 wherein the position sensing means includes means for sensing the back EMF in a selected one of the windings during periods after which inductive current in the selected winding has decayed.

35. The system of claim 33 wherein the position sensing means includes means for sensing the back EMF in a selected one of the windings during periods when the noise generated by switching events of the power switching means is at a minimum.

36. The system of claim 33 wherein said means for sensing the back EMF in a selected one of the windings includes means for sensing voltage during periods when the selected winding is unenergized and during periods when the back EMF approximates the reference level.

37. The system of claim 33 wherein said means for sensing the back EMF in a selected one of the windings includes means for measuring time elapsed between the zero crossings and means for commutating power to the motor windings as a function of the measured elapsed time.

38. The system of claim 37 wherein said means for measuring time elapsed between the zero crossings comprises a counter incrementally counting between the zero crossings and said means for commutating initiates a subsequent commutation event after a predetermined number of counts.

39. The system of claim 38 further comprising means for blanking the sensed back EMF as a function of the interval between the zero crossings and the commutation events and wherein the blanking means disregards the zero crossings in an interval following a commutation event.

40. The system of claim 39 wherein the blanking means includes means for varying the length of the commutation interval.

41. The system of claim 33 wherein the position sensing means includes means for generating the reference level as a function of the voltage of each of the windings.

42. The system of claim 41 wherein said means for generating the reference level comprises a voltage divider connected to each of the windings.

43. The system of claim 30 wherein the ASIC includes means for generating a direction of rotation command signal and wherein the power switching means includes means for commutating the motor windings responsive to the direction of rotation command signal generated by said ASIC.

44. The system of claim 30 further comprising means for pulse width modulating the power being provided to the windings of the motor and wherein said ASIC includes means for selecting a frequency of modulation of the pulse width modulating means.

45. The system of claim 44 wherein said means for selecting a frequency of modulation includes means for defining a plurality of frequencies and means for pseudo-randomly selecting one of the plurality of frequencies for the frequency of modulation whereby acoustic noise during motor operation is reduced.

46. The system of claim 30 wherein said ASIC includes means for defining a reference current, means for detecting the current in one of the windings and means for controlling the torque of the motor in response to a difference between the detected current and the reference current.

47. The system of claim 46 further comprising means for inhibiting the torque controlling means for a preset period of time after commutation events whereby the effect of current spikes in the windings during torque control is minimized.

48. The system of claim 46 further comprising a digital-to-analog converter for generating the reference current from a digital representation of a desired maximum current magnitude.

49. The system of claim 46 wherein said means for detecting the current in one of the windings further includes means for detecting an overcurrent condition and means for detecting an undervoltage condition and wherein the system further comprises means for disabling the power switching means in the event of an overcurrent or an undervoltage condition.

50. The system of claim 30 wherein said ASIC includes means for monitoring speed of the rotating assembly for detecting stalling of the motor and means for disabling the power switching means in the event of a stall.

51. The system of claim 30 wherein said ASIC includes means for resetting said microprocessor when an undervoltage condition occurs for a predetermined interval of time and for resetting when a data signal from said microprocessor is absent for another predetermined interval of time.

52. The system of claim 30 further comprising means for disabling the power switching means when an overcurrent condition occurs.

53. The system of claim 52 wherein the disabling means comprises an overcurrent detecting circuits.

54. The system of claim 30 wherein said ASIC includes means for providing signals for driving the power switching means.

64. The system of claim 1 wherein the central means comprises a thermostat for providing a temperature signal representative of the temperature of the air.

65. The system of claim 1 wherein the central means comprises a humidistat for providing a humidity signal representative of the humidity of the air.

66. The system of claim 46 further comprising means for starting the motor from a standstill, the motor starting means comprising:

means for sequentially commutating the windings in a selected direction of rotation wherein the reference current linearly increases from a minimum value to a maximum value, the minimum and maximum values and the duration of the linear increase being a predetermined function of the inertia of the load and the acceleration required for smoothly starting the motor from standstill.

55. A system for driving a component in response to a system control signal, said system comprising:

a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation to the stationary assembly, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, said motor driving the component in response to a control signal;

a programmable memory for storing calibrating parameters representative of operation of said motor driving a predetermined load;

means for receiving a parameter select signal for selecting at least one calibrating parameter stored in the memory;

means, responsive to the selected calibrating parameter and to the system control signal, for generating control signals to control motor speed or torque as a function of the selected calibration parameter and the system control signal.

56. The system of claim 55 wherein the calibrating parameters represent operation of the motor driving no load.

57. The system of claim 55 wherein the calibrating parameters include a current offset and a multiplier.

58. A method for operating a system for driving a component of a heating ventilating, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system in response to a system control signal provided by a central means, said system including a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation to the stationary assembly, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, said motor driving the component in response to a motor control signal;

said method comprising the steps of;

storing in a programmable memory parameters representative of the system;

receiving a parameter select signal;

selecting at least one of the parameters stored in the memory in response to the parameter select signal; and

generating control signals to control motor speed or torque as a function of the selected parameter and the system control signal.

59. A method of operating a system for driving a component in response to a system control signal, said system having a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation to the stationary assembly, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, said motor driving the component in response to a control signal;

said system comprising;

storing in a programmable memory calibrating parameters representative of operation of said motor driving a predetermined load;

receiving a parameter select signal;

selecting at least one of the parameters stored in the memory in response to the parameter select signal; and

generating control signals to control motor speed or torque as a function of the selected calibrating parameter and the system control signal.

60. A system for heating and/or cooling air comprising:

means for generating a temperature signal representative of the temperature of the air;

means for modifying the air temperature;

a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation to the stationary assembly, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, said motor driving the component in response to a motor control signal;

a programmable memory for storing parameters representative of the system;

means for receiving a parameter select signal for selecting at least one of the parameters stored in the memory;

means, including a microprocessor responsive to the selected parameter and to the temperature signal, for generating control signals to control motor speed or torque as a function of the selected parameter and the temperature signal; and

an instruction memory for storing instructions controlling the operation of the microprocessor.

67. The system of claim 60 wherein said means for generating a temperature signal includes a thermostat.

61. A method for calibrating a system for driving a component in response to a system control signal, said system comprising:

a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation to the stationary assembly, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, said motor driving the component in response to a control signal;

a memory for storing parameters;

means for receiving a parameter select signal for selecting at least one of the parameters stored in the memory;

means, responsive to the stored parameters and to the system control signal, for generating control signals to control motor speed or torque;

said method comprising the steps of;

operating the motor with a predetermined load;

measuring parameters of the motor during operation;

storing in the memory calibration parameters corresponding to the measured parameters; and

controlling motor speed or torque as a function of the calibration parameters and the system control signal.

62. A method for operating an electronically commutated motor interconnected with a control having a memory for storing operating characteristics and having means, responsive to the memory and a system control signal, for controlling motor speed or torque;

said method comprising the steps of;

operating the motor and control with a predetermined load;

measuring operating characteristics of the motor and control during operation;

storing in the memory parameters representative of the load and information corresponding to the operating characteristics;

receiving a parameter select signal;

selecting at least one of the parameters stored in the memory in response to the parameter select signal;

receiving the system control signal; and

controlling motor speed or torque as a function of the stored information corresponding to the operating characteristics, the system control signal and the selected parameter.

63. A method of interrelationally calibrating a control having a programmable memory and an electronically controlled motor comprising the steps of:

interconnecting the control and the motor;

operating the interconnected control and motor under predetermined conditions;

storing in the memory parameters representative of the predetermined conditions;

receiving parameter select signal;

selecting at least one of the parameters stored in the memory in response to the parameter select signal;

sensing calibration information during said operating step; and

storing in the memory operating characteristics corresponding to the sensed calibration information obtained during the sensing step and corresponding to the selected parameter so that the control circuit and its manufactured variations will be calibrated to the motor and its manufactured variations whereby the sensed calibration information is used in conjunction with subsequent operation of the control and the motor minimizing variations in control and motor characteristics caused by manufacturing.

68. A system for driving a component in response to a system control signal, said system comprising:

a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation to the stationary assembly, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, said motor driving the component in response to a control signal;

a programmable memory for storing parameters defining direction of rotation fur operating said motor;

means for receiving a parameter select signal for selecting at least one parameter stored in the memory; and

means, including a microprocessor responsive to the direction parameter and to the system control signal, for generating control signals to control motor speed or torque as a function of the direction parameter and the system control signal.

69. A system for driving a component in response to a system control signal, said system comprising:

a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation to the stationary assembly, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, said motor driving the component in response to a control signal;

a programmable memory for storing parameters defining turn-on and turn-off time delays for operating said motor; and

means for receiving a parameter select signal for selecting at least one parameter stored in the memory; and

means, including a microprocessor responsive to the selected time delay parameter and to the system control signal, for generating control signals to control motor speed or torque as a function of the selected time delay parameter and the system control signal.

70. A system for driving a component in response to a system control signal, said system comprising:

a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation to the stationary assembly, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, said motor driving the component in response to a control signal;

means for defining a reference current;

a programmable memory for storing parameters defining a rate of linear increase of the reference current for operating said motor;

means for receiving a parameter select signal for selecting at least one parameter stored in the memory; and

means, including a microprocessor responsive to the selected rate of linear increase parameter and to the system control signal, for generating control signals to control motor speed or torque for starting said motor from standstill as a function of the selected rate of linear increase parameter and the system control signal.

71. A system for heating and/or cooling air comprising:

means for generating a humidity signal representative of the humidity of the air;

means for modifying the air humidity;

a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation to the stationary assembly, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, said motor driving the component in response to a motor control signal;

a programmable memory for storing parameters representative of the system;

means for receiving a parameter select signal for selecting at least one parameter stored in the memory;

means, including a microprocessor responsive to the selected parameter and to the humidity signal, for generating control signals to control motor speed or torque as a function of the selected parameter and the humidity signal; and

an instruction memory for storing instructions controlling the operation of the microprocessor.

72. The system of claim 71 wherein said means for generating a humidity signal includes a humidistat.

73. A system for driving a component of a heating ventilating, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system in response to a system control signal provided by a central means, said system comprising:

a motor having a stationary assembly including windings and having a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation to the stationary assembly, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, said motor driving the component in response to a control signal; and

means for starting said motor from a standstill, the motor starting means comprising;

means for sequentially commutating the windings in a selected direction of rotation; and

means for defining a reference current;

means for detecting the current in one of the windings; and

means for controlling the torque of the motor in response to a difference between the detected current and the reference current, said means for controlling linearly increasing the reference current from a minimum value to a maximum value, the minimum and maximum values and the duration of the linear increase being a predetermined function of the inertia of the load and the acceleration required for starting the motor from standstill.

74. A system for driving a component of a heating ventilating, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system in response to a system control signal provided by a central means, said system comprising:

a motor having a stationary assembly and a rotatable assembly in magnetic coupling relation to the stationary assembly, said rotatable assembly in driving relation to the component, said motor driving the component in response to a control signal;

a programmable memory for storing calibrating parameters corresponding to the HVAC system and representative of operation of said motor driving a predetermined load;

means for receiving a parameter select signal for selecting at least one calibrating parameter stored in the memory;

means, including a microprocessor responsive to the selected calibrating parameter and to the system control signal, for generating control signals to control motor speed or torque as a function of the selected calibrating parameter and the system control signal such that the HVAC system delivers a substantially constant air flow.