Scrubber system for removing carbon dioxide from a metal-air or fuel cell battery

• US 5,595,949 A
• Filed: 03/18/1994
• Issued: 01/21/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 03/18/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Electric Fuel Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Electric Fuel Ltd.
• Inventors: Naimer, Neal, Harats, Yehuda, Sharon, Yuval, Goldstein, Jonathan R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lewis, Michael
• Assistant Examiner(s): DUNN, THOMAS G
• Application Number:
  US08/210,333
• Time in Patent Office: 1,040 Days
• Field of Search: 422/211, 423/220, 423/230, 502/20, 502/402, 95/148
• US Class Current: 502/20
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/62 Carbon oxides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/5077 Regeneration of reactants or electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0662 Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 50/20 Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 of CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

A method for maximizing the effective life and utilization of CO₂ -absorbent material in a scrubber system for removing carbon dioxide from an air inflow to a metal-air battery or fuel cell comprises providing, in such a battery, a housing including a gas inlet, a gas outlet, and at least one removable, gas-permeable container containing a CO₂ -absorbent material, the container being positioned across the flow path of gas entering said inlet and exiting said outlet. After a predetermined utilization of the system, the at least one removable, gas-permeable container is removed therefrom and spent CO₂ -absorbent material from the container is regenerated for reuse in the scrubber system, the regeneration including at least periodically removing accumulated Group 1a metal carbonate deposits.

Claims

1. A method for maximizing the effective life and utilization of CO₂ -absorbent material in a scrubber system for removing carbon dioxide from an air inflow to a metal-air battery or fuel cell, the method comprising the steps of:

providing, in such a battery, a housing including a gas inlet, a gas outlet, and a plurality of gas-permeable containers supported in series across the flow path of gas entering said inlet and exiting said outlet;

each of said containers containing a CO₂ -absorbent material and being individually independently removable from said series; and

flowing gas containing CO₂ into said gas inlet, through said CO₂ -absorbent material in each of said plurality of containers, and out of said outlet,

wherein, after a utilization of the system, a first container closest to said gas inlet is removed from said series and a second container from said series is repositioned in the place of said first container and spent CO₂ -absorbent material from said first container is regenerated for reuse in said scrubber system, said regeneration including at least periodically removing accumulated Group 1a metal carbonate deposits.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said CO₂ -absorbent material comprises granules of a Group 1a metal hydroxide or a hydrate thereof, and wherein regeneration thereof comprises the steps of:

a) removing spent CO₂ -absorbent material from said container and comminuting said material;

b) thermally decomposing said material;

c) hydrolyzing the material from step (b) with water to reform the hydroxide, which is obtained in the solid phase by means of crystallizing out and drying;

d) comminution and granulation of the material from step (c) to a particle size and porosity; and

e) repacking the regenerated particles in a scrubber container for reuse.

3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said regenerated material is comminuted and granulated to granules of 3-30 mesh size, and packed with a porosity of at least 50%.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein said CO₂ -absorbent material comprises a solution of Group 1a metal hydroxide in water absorbed into porous granules of an alkali-resistant material, and wherein regeneration thereof comprises:

immersing the scrubber container in a flowing stream of a Group 1a metal hydroxide-rich solution until all the absorbent carrier granules have picked up fresh Group 1a metal hydroxide solution, and

draining the container of excess solution, whereafter said container is ready for reuse.

5. A method according to claim 4, wherein said granules have absorbed therein a solution having a solution strength of about 20-45 weight % Group 1a metal hydroxide, and have a porosity of at least 50%.

6. A method according to claim 4, wherein said immersion is carried out in a closed system.

7. A method according to claim 4, wherein said carrier material is selected from the group consisting of granules of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, polystyrene, nylon, low-density brick, and rubber.

8. A method according to claim 4, comprising the further step of slaking said regeneration solution with lime or barium hydroxide to remove accumulated Group 1a metal carbonate deposits therefrom, followed by filtering off insoluble carbonates.

9. A method according to claim 4, wherein said Group 1a metal hydroxide is NaOH, and comprising the further step of chilling the solution to at least -10°

C., whereupon sodium carbonate settles out, followed by filtering off said sodium carbonate.

10. A method according to claim 4, wherein said system is sub-compartmentalized into three separately removable and repositionable gas-permeable containers;

wherein, upon removal of said first container, said second container is repositioned in its place, whereafter a third container from said series is repositioned in place of said second container, and a new container, containing fresh CO₂ -absorbent material, is positioned in place of said third container.

11. A method according to claim 1, wherein said system is sub-compartmentalized into three separately removable and repositionable, gas-permeable containers;

wherein, upon removal of said first container, said second container is repositioned in its place, whereafter a third container from said series is repositioned in place of said second container, and a new container, containing fresh CO₂ -absorbent material, is positioned in place of said third container.