Ray tracing method and apparatus for projecting rays through an object represented by a set of infinite surfaces

• US 5,596,685 A
• Filed: 07/26/1994
• Issued: 01/21/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 07/30/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Imagination Technologies Limited (Imagination Technologies Group Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Videologic Limited
• Inventors: Ashton, Martin
• Primary Examiner(s): Herndon, Heather R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): BUCHEL JR, RUDOLPH JOHN
• Application Number:
  US08/280,649
• Time in Patent Office: 910 Days
• Field of Search: 395/121, 395/122, 395/124, 395/126, 395/133, 395/118-9, 395/163
• US Class Current: 345/421
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/06 Ray-tracing
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/50 Lighting effects
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/80 Shading

Abstract

Each object in a 3-dimensional image to be displayed may be represented by a set of infinite surfaces. Each elementary area of a screen on which the image is to be displayed has a ray projected through it onto the 3-dimensional image. The location of the intersection of the projected ray with each surface is then determined and from these locations it is determined whether any intersected surface is visible at that elementary area. The elementary area is then shaded for display in dependence on the result of the determination.

Claims

1. A method for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen, the image comprised of at least one object, each object having a set of surfaces, the screen having a plurality of elementary areas, said method comprising the steps of:

representing the surfaces of each object in the image by a group of infinite surfaces;

for each elementary area of the screen projecting a ray from a view point into the three-dimensional image;

determining the location of the intersection of the ray with each said infinite surface;

determining whether any said infinite surface intersected by said ray is visible at that elementary area; and

shading the elementary area for display so as to be representative of said visible intersected surface based on said visible surface determination.

2. The method for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 1 in which each said infinite surface is designated as a forward facing surface or a reverse facing surface and the relative locations of intersections with forward and reverse facing surfaces are used in determining whether said infinite surface is visible.

3. A method for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 2 wherein an elementary area is visible if the furthest forward facing surface intersection is closer to the projection point of the ray than the furthest reverse facing surface intersection.

4. The method for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 1 in which for every elementary area a ray is projected through said groups of said infinite surfaces representing the objects in the image.

5. A method for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 4 in which for each elementary area a ray is projected through each surface in turn of each group of surfaces representing an object.

6. The method for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 4 in which the nearest visible surface in a group of surfaces representing an object is compared with the nearest visible surface from all preceding groups of said infinite surfaces representing other objects forming the image and the elementary area is shaded in dependence on the result of the comparison.

7. A method for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 1 including the steps of:

designating an object as a shadow object;

determining a boundary of the shadow object on each ray passing through each elementary area; and

shading an elementary area with a modified shade if a surface visible in that elementary area is within the boundary of the shadow object.

8. A method for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 1 including the steps of:

designating an object as a transparent object; and

modifying the shade applied to an elementary area if the visible surface at the elementary area is behind the transparent object in the image.

9. An apparatus for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen, the image comprised of at least one object, each object having a set of surfaces, the screen having a plurality of elementary areas, said apparatus comprising:

means for supplying data defining a group of infinite surfaces representing the surfaces each object in the image;

means for generating a depth value for each said infinite surface for each elementary area of the screen in dependence on the distance of that surface from a view point;

means for determining whether any said infinite surface is visible at that elementary area; and

means for shading that elementary area in dependence on the result of said infinite surface-visibility determination.

10. The apparatus for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 9 in which each surface is designated as a forward facing surface or a reverse facing surface and the relative depths of forward and reverse facing surfaces are used in determining whether a surface is visible at an elementary area.

11. The apparatus for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 10, including:

means for comparing the relative depths of visible surfaces in the image for each elementary area and shading the elementary area in dependence on the result of the comparison.

12. The apparatus for shading a three dimensional image for display according to claim 10 provided on a single integrated circuit.

13. The apparatus for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 9 in which the depth value generating means generates a depth value for each surface of each object in turn for each elementary area of the image.

14. A method for shading a three dimensional image for display, the image comprised of at least one object, each object having a set of surfaces, the screen having a plurality of elementary areas, said method comprising the steps of:

supplying data defining a group of infinite surfaces representing the surfaces of each object in the image;

for each elementary area of the display generating a depth value for each said infinite surface in dependence on the distance of that surface from a view point;

determining whether any said infinite surface is visible at that elementary area, and

shading that elementary area in dependence in the result of said infinite surface-visibility determination.

15. The method for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 14, further including the step of designating each said infinite surface as a forward facing surface or a reverse facing surface and the depth values of the forward and reverse facing surfaces are used in determining whether said infinite surface is visible at that elementary area.

16. The method for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 15, wherein an elementary area is visible if the depth value for the furthest forward facing surface is less than the depth value for the furthest reverse facing surface.

17. The method for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 14, in which for said elementary area depth values are determined for each said infinite surfaces.

18. The method for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 17, in which for said elementary area a depth value is determined for each surface in turn of each group of surfaces representing an object.

19. The method for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 17, in which the nearest visible surface in a group or surfaces representing an object is compared with the nearest visible surface for all preceding groups of surfaces and the elementary area is shaded in dependence on the result of said comparison.

20. The method for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 14, further including the steps of:

designating an object as a shadow object;

determining the boundary of said shadow object from the surface of said object; and

shading an elementary area with a modified shade if said depth value of a surface visible at that elementary area is enclosed within said boundary of the shadow object.

21. The method for shading a three dimensional image for display on a screen according to claim 14 including the step of:

designating an object as a transparent object; and

modifying the shade applied to an elementary area if the visible surface at the elementary area is behind the transparent object in the image.

22. A method for shading a three dimensional image for display the image comprised of at least one object, each object having a set of surfaces, the image being oriented for viewing by a viewer from a display that has a plurality of elementary areas, said method comprising the steps of:

representing the surfaces of each object in the image as a group of infinite surfaces;

supplying data defining each said group of said infinite surfaces with data including a designation as to whether a surface is forward or reverse facing relative the viewer;

for each elementary area of the display generating a depth value for each surface in dependence on the distance of that surface from an image plane;

determining whether any said infinite surface is visible at that elementary area; and

shading the elementary area in dependence on the result of said infinite surface-visibility determination.