Method for controlling production wells having permanent downhole formation evaluation sensors

• US 5,597,042 A
• Filed: 02/09/1995
• Issued: 01/28/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 02/09/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Baker Hughes Incorporated (Baker Hughes Company)
• Original Assignee: Baker Hughes Incorporated (Baker Hughes Company)
• Inventors: Jones, Kevin R., Tubel, Paulo S., Mullins, Albert A. II, Richardson, Frank D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Schoeppel, Roger J.
• Application Number:
  US08/386,480
• Time in Patent Office: 719 Days
• Field of Search: 166/250.01, 166/254.1, 166/250.02, 166/250.07, 166/250.15, 166/64, 166/65.1, 166/113, 166/243
• US Class Current: 166/250.01
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 23/03 for setting the tools into, or removing the tools from, laterally offset landing nipples or pockets
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 33/1275 inflated by down-hole pumping means operated by a down-hole drive
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/12 Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells E21B43/25 takes precedence; valve arrangements E21B34/00
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/017 Protecting measuring instruments
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/10 Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/107 using acoustic means
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/11 using tracers; using radioactivity
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 49/00 Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 1/42 using generators in one well and receivers elsewhere or vice versa G01V1/52 takes precedence

Abstract

A downhole control system for a production well is associated with permanent downhole formation evaluation sensors which remain downhole throughout production operations. These formation evaluation sensors may include, for example, neutron density, gamma ray porosity and resistivity sensors which can, in real time, sense and evaluate formation parameters including important information regarding water entering the production tubing. Significantly, this information can be obtained prior to the water actually entering the producing fluid and therefore corrective action (i.e., closing of a valve or sliding sleeve) can be taken prior to water being produced. This real time acquisition of formation data in the production well constitutes an important advance over current wireline techniques in that the present invention is far less costly and can anticipate and react to potential problems before they occur. In addition, the formation evaluation sensors themselves can be placed much closer to the actual formation (i.e., adjacent the casing or downhole completion tool) then wireline devices which are restricted to the interior of the production tubing.

Claims

1. A method for controlling at least one downhole tool in a production well having a downhole formation evaluation sensor permanently located in a producing zone downhole, including:

sensing at least one downhole formation parameter from the formation surrounding the production well using the downhole formation evaluation sensor to define at least one sensed formation parameter, wherein said sensed downhole formation parameter constitutes a parameter which is not normally present within the borehole; and

controlling at least one downhole tool in response to the sensed parameter.

2. The method of claim 1 including:

recalibrating said formation evaluation sensor downhole using transmissions from the surface.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein:

said downhole tool is selected from the group consisting of sliding sleeves, packers, pumps, fluid flow devices and valves.

4. The method of claim 1 including:

transmitting at least one of data or control signals from downhole to the surface or to another location downhole.

5. The method of claim 1 including a downhole completion string for producing borehole fluids and wherein

said downhole formation evaluation sensor is positioned on said completion string.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein:

said downhole tool is controlled using an electromechanical control device.

7. The method of claim 6 including:

at least one downhole tool connected to said electromechanical control device.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein:

said electromechanical control device changes the state of said downhole tool in response to input from said downhole electronic controller.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein:

said formation evaluation sensor is selected from the group consisting of neutron, gamma ray, resistivity and acoustical sensors.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein said controlling at least one downhole tool in response to the sensed parameter uses a downhole electronic controller and includes:

at least one downhole flow sensor in communication with said downhole electronic controller.

11. The method of claim 1 further including:

at least one downhole sensor for sensing parameters within the borehole.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein:

said at least one downhole sensor for sensing parameters within the borehole is selected from the group consisting of a sensor for measuring temperature, pressure, flow and oil/water ratio.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein said controlling at least one downhole tool in response to the sensed parameter uses a downhole electronic controller and includes:

a downhole power source for providing electrical power to said downhole electronic controller.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein:

said downhole power source is selected from the group consisting of batteries and turbines.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein said controlling at least one downhole tool in response to the sensed parameter uses a downhole electronic controller and includes:

a downhole receiver in communication with said downhole electronic controller, said downhole receiver adapted for receiving at least one of data and control signals from the surface.

16. The method of claim 1 wherein said controlling at least one downhole tool in response to the sensed parameter uses a downhole electronic controller and includes:

a downhole transmitter in communication with said downhole electronic controller, said downhole transmitter adapted for transmitting signals from said downhole electronic controller to the surface or to another location downhole.

17. The method of claim 1 wherein said controlling at least one downhole tool in response to the sensed parameter uses a downhole electronic controller and wherein:

said downhole electronic controller comprises a data acquisition system in communication with a processor.

18. The method of claim 1 including:

a plurality of downhole formation evaluation sensors for sensing a plurality of downhole formation parameters.

19. The method of claim 1 wherein:

said downhole formation evaluation sensor measures at least one of formation geology, formation saturation, formation porosity, formation chemical elements, gas influx, water content and petroleum content.

20. The method of claim 1 wherein:

said formation evaluation sensor is selected from the group consisting of density and porosity sensors.

21. The method of claim 1 wherein:

said formation evaluation sensor is associated with an external stimulus that travels into the formation and a return signal, the return signal being received by the formation evaluation sensor after being modified by the formation.

22. A downhole formation evaluation tool comprising:

a side pocket mandrel having a primary longitudinal bore and a side pocket, said side pocket mandrel including upper and lower connectors for connecting to production tubing or other downhole production tools; and

at least one formation evaluation sensor for sensing formation parameters in the formation surrounding the side pocket mandrel, said at least one formation evaluation sensor residing in said side pocket, wherein said sensed downhole formation parameter constitutes a parameter which is not normally present within the borehole.

23. The tool of claim 22 wherein:

said formation evaluation sensor is selected from the group consisting of neutron, gamma ray, resistivity and acoustical sensors.

24. The tool of claim 22 wherein:

said formation evaluation sensor measures at least one of formation geology, formation saturation, formation porosity, formation chemical elements, gas influx, water content and petroleum content.

25. The tool of claim 22 wherein:

said downhole formation evaluation sensor measures water in the formation.

26. The tool of claim 22 wherein:

said formation evaluation sensor is selected from the group consisting of density and porosity sensors.

27. The tool of claim 22 wherein:

said formation evaluation sensor is associated with an external stimulus that travels into the formation and a return signal, the return signal being received by the formation evaluation sensor after being modified by the formation.