Weather effects generator for simulation systems

• US 5,598,359 A
• Filed: 11/18/1994
• Issued: 01/28/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 10/29/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Southwest Research Institute
• Original Assignee: Southwest Research Institute
• Inventors: Montag, Bruce C., Weyrauch, Richard P., Wenzel, Dennis J.
• Primary Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Assistant Examiner(s): NOT, DEFINED
• Application Number:
  US08/342,103
• Time in Patent Office: 802 Days
• Field of Search: 364/578, 434/2, 342/26, 342/169
• US Class Current: 703/6
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/001 Texturing; Colouring; Generation of texture or colour inpainting G06T5/77
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/005 General purpose rendering architectures
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/10 Geometric effects
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 9/301 by computer-processed or -generated image
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 90/10 Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

A weather effects generator that generates weather data based on real-world weather data, and provides this data to a host simulator. The type of data provided and the spatial distribution of the data depend on the type of simulation. A real world database is accessed to obtain a dataspace of weather data elements, each having a location parameter and various weather-related parameters. For visual display simulators, the data elements are preprocessed to obtain color, transparency, and texture values for each data element. The preprocessed data elements are further processed to obtain a prioritized display list of those data elements that correspond to field-of-view data provided by the simulator. Each data element in this list is assigned a graphics primitive that can be rasterized in accordance with the color and transparency values. Simulators other than visual display simulators provide location data and receive data representing the weather effects at that location.

Claims

1. A method of providing data representing weather effects to an image generator that generates a three-dimensional infrared image, comprising the steps of:

accessing a three-dimensional real-world weather database to obtain a three-dimensional set of data elements, each data element having at least a three-dimensional location value, a liquid water content value, and a temperature value;

culling said data elements to determine which are within a field-of-view, to obtain a set of field-of-view data elements;

sorting said field-of-view data elements to form a list of data elements in depth order;

assigning a graphics primitive to each of said field-of-view data elements;

covering an image plane with the graphic primitives associated with the frontmost of said field-of-view data elements, such that a certain percentage of said image plane is covered;

repeating said covering step, using said field-of-view data elements in front to back order, until the image plane has been covered a predetermined number of times or until a predetermined number of said field-of-view data elements have been used; and

assigning said field-of-view data elements to one or more depth bins on the basis of the results of said covering step, so as to generate a prioritized display list.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of calculating a transparency value for each of said data elements, based on said liquid water content value.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of calculating an intensity value for each of said data elements, based on said temperature value.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphics primitive is a polygon-based primitive.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphics primitive is a three-dimensional function, transformed to a two-dimensional image plane.

6. The method of claim 1, and further comprising the step of orienting said graphics primitives such that they are normal to said field-of-view.

7. A method of providing data representing weather effects to a sensor display simulator that generates a two-dimensional image, comprising the steps of:

accessing a three-dimensional real-world weather database to obtain a three-dimensional set of data elements, each data element having a three-dimensional location value and at least one weather effect value;

receiving location data from said simulator;

culling said data elements to determine which are within a range of said simulator, as determined by said location data, to obtain a set of in-range data elements;

sorting said data elements to form a list of said in-range data elements in two-dimensions said two-dimensions being spatially distributed in accordance with said simulator.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein said sensor display simulator generates a wind display and wherein a weather condition value of each said data element is a wind direction value.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein said sensor display simulator generates a weather radar display and wherein said spatial elements are range bins.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein said sensor display simulator generates a wind display and wherein said spatial elements are doppler bins.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein said sensor display simulator generates a weather radar display and wherein a weather condition value of each said data element is a water content value.

12. The method of claim 7, and further comprising the step of orienting said graphics primitives such that they are normal to said field-of-view.

13. A method of using a computer to provide data representing weather effects to an object simulator, comprising the steps of:

accessing a three-dimensional real-world weather database to obtain a three-dimensional set of data elements, each data element having a three-dimensional location value and at least one weather effect value;

receiving location data from said simulator;

culling said data elements to determine which are within a predetermined vicinity of said object, as determined by said location data, to obtain a set of neighboring data elements; and

interpolating the weather effect values of said neighboring data elements to determine at least one weather effect value representing the net effect of said weather condition on said object.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein said weather effect value is a wind vector value.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein said weather effect value is a pressure value.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein said object is a decision-making object and wherein said weather effect value represents a condition affecting trafficability.

17. A method of providing data representing weather effects to a sensor display simulator that generates a three-dimensional image, comprising the steps of:

accessing a three-dimensional real-world weather database to obtain a three-dimensional set of data elements, each data element having a three-dimensional location value and at least one weather effect value;

receiving location data from said simulator;

culling said data elements to determine which are within a range of said simulator, as determined by said location data, to obtain a set of in-range data elements;

sorting said in-range data elements to form a list of data elements in depth order;

assigning a graphics primitive to each of said in-range data elements;

covering an image plane with the graphics primitives associated with the frontmost of said in-range data elements, such that a certain percentage of said image plane is covered;

repeating said covering step, using said in-range data elements in front to back order, until the image plane has been covered a predetermined number of times or until a predetermined number of said range-data elements have been used; and

assigning said in-range data elements to one or more depth bins on the basis of the results of said covering step, so as to generate a prioritized display list.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein said simulator is a wind sensor simulator, wherein a weather condition value of each data element is a wind vector value, and wherein said graphics primitives represent wind.

19. The method of claim 17, and further comprising the step of orienting said graphics primitives such that they are normal to said field-of-view.

20. A method of providing data representing weather effects to a simulator having multiple simulation subsystems, comprising the steps of:

accessing a three-dimensional real-world weather database to obtain a three-dimensional set of data elements, each data element having a three-dimensional location value and at least one weather effect value;

receiving field-of-view data and location data from said simulator;

spatially distributing data elements from said database on the basis of said field-of-view data, thereby generating a prioritized display list;

spatially distributing said data elements near a location represented by said location data, thereby generating at least one weather effect value;

delivering said prioritized display list and said weather effect value to said simulator for use by appropriate simulator subsystems.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein said step of spatially distributing said data elements near a location is performed by interpolating said data elements.

22. The method of claim 20, wherein said step of spatially distributing said data elements near a location is performed by ordering said data elements in a two-dimensional order.

23. The method of claim 20, wherein said step of spatially distributing said data elements near a location is performed by ordering said data elements in a three-dimensional order.

24. A computer-based weather effects generator programmed to provide weather effects data to a simulator, comprising:

a preprocessor programmed to access weather data from a real-world source and to provide a four-dimensional database of data elements, each data element having at least a three dimensional location value and a weather effect value at a given time;

a simulator interface for receiving field-of-view data from said simulator;

a memory for storing said data elements; and

a data handler for spatially distributing said data elements and assigning a graphics primitive to each of said data elements, each said graphics primitive having an orientation that changes in time in response to changes in said field-of-view data.

25. The weather effects generator of claim 24, further comprising a user interface for receiving thresholding data for use by said preprocessor.

26. The weather effects generator of claim 24, further comprising a user interface for receiving illumination data for use by said preprocessor.

27. The weather effects generator of claim 24, wherein said location data received by said simulator interface includes range-data or field-of-view data.

28. The weather effects generator of claim 24, wherein said data handler spatially distributes said data elements by generating a three-dimensional prioritized display list.

29. The weather effects generator of claim 24, wherein said data handler spatially distributes said data elements by ordering them in a two-dimensional plane.

30. The weather effects generator of claim 24, wherein said data handler spatially distributes said data elements by ordering them three-dimensionally.

31. The weather effects generator of claim 24, wherein said data handler spatially distributes said data elements by interpolating data elements at a location determined by said location data.

32. A method of providing a display list of data representing a weather radar display to an image generator that generates a two-dimensional image, comprising the steps of:

accessing a three-dimensional real-world weather database to obtain a three-dimensional set of data elements, each data element having at least a three-dimensional location value and a liquid water content value;

culling said data elements to determine which are within a field-of-view, represented by field-of-view data, to obtain a set of field-of-view data elements;

selecting field-of-view data elements at a certain altitude, to obtain a layer of said data elements; and

assigning a graphics primitive to each of said data elements in said layer of data elements, each said graphics primitive being oriented in response to said field-of-view data.

33. A method of providing a display list of data representing a satellite cloud display to an image generator that generates a two-dimensional image, comprising the steps of:

accessing a three-dimensional real-world weather database to obtain a three-dimensional set of data elements, each data element having at least a three-dimensional location value and a liquid water content value;

culling said data elements to determine which are within a field-of-view represented by field-of-view data, to obtain a set of field-of-view data elements;

selecting field-of-view data elements at a certain altitude, to obtain a layer of said data elements; and

assigning a graphics primitive to each of said data elements in said layer of data elements, each said graphics primitive being oriented in response to said field-of-view data.