Refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator and turbo-charged absorption chiller

• US 5,600,967 A
• Filed: 04/24/1995
• Issued: 02/11/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 04/24/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Milton Meckler
• Original Assignee: Milton Meckler
• Inventors: Meckler, Milton
• Primary Examiner(s): DOERRLER, WILLIAM CHARLES
• Application Number:
  US08/427,852
• Time in Patent Office: 659 Days
• Field of Search: 62/101, 62/109, 62/476, 62/485
• US Class Current: 62/476
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 15/008 with multi-stage operation F25B15/006 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 15/06 the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide F25B15/025 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 30/27 Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 30/62 Absorption based systems

Abstract

A unit of apparatus for reprocessing concentrated absorbent solution in a closed absorption chiller, for discharge of water refrigerant through an evaporator for heat-in effect from a heat distribution system, and discharge of said absorbent solution reconcentrated thereby for absorption of said water refrigerant after chilling and heat-out effect to a cooling tower, characterized by vapor compression from an evaporator followed by liquification by a condenser with heat transfer from the condenser into the evaporator, increasing solution concentration 1.1% and increased chilling capacity of 23%, with a 7.1% increased coefficient of performance, resulting in a 23% increase in chilling.

Claims

1. A refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator in a closed system for increasing the chilling capacity of an absorption chiller comprised of at least one concentrator to which heat is applied to vaporize a water refrigerant and to concentrate an absorbent solution of said water refrigerant and absorbent material, having a condenser for cooling and liquefying said vaporized water refrigerant, having an evaporator for chilling said water refrigerant by means of evaporation, there being a heat-in coil from warmer system water that is chilled therein and which discharges heat to vaporize said water refrigerant, having an absorber for condensing the vaporized water refrigerant and for its absorption into the absorbent solution, there being a heat-out coil to pick up and discharge the heat of vaporization and the heat of dilution, and means returning the absorbent solution to the at least one concentrator for recycling through said closed system,

the refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator including, an evaporator means for vaporizing water refrigerant from the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and sorbent material from said at least one concentrator and for strengthening the absorbent solution discharged into the absorber of the closed system for additional absorption of water vapor therein, a vapor compressor means for pressurizing refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means, and condenser means for liquifying the water refrigerant vapor pressurized by the vapor compressor means for discharge of additional water refrigerant into the first mentioned evaporator of the closed system,

whereby the chilling effect applied to the system water is increased.

2. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the absorbent material is a Lithium-Bromide salt.

3. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the absorbent material is a Lithium-Bromide salt, and wherein the concentration of the absorbent solution from the at least one concentrator is a nominal 63.0% and the concentration thereof from the evaporator means is a nominal 64.1%, the volume of water refrigerant from the condenser means being increased commensurate with a nominal 1.1% increase in absorbent solution concentration,

whereby the volume of water refrigerant and resulting chilling effect is increased a nominal 23%.

4. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the evaporator means and condenser means are separated by a heat transfer wall transferring the heat of compression of the compressor means from the condenser means to the evaporator means.

5. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and absorbent material from said at least one concentrator is discharged into a closed chamber of the evaporator means for vaporization and collection of strengthened absorbent solution in a sump thereof for discharge into the absorber of the closed system.

6. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the compressed water refrigerant vapor from the vapor compressor means is discharged into a closed chamber of the condenser means above a sump therein for liquification and collection of water refrigerant for discharge into the evaporator of the closed system.

7. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and absorbent material from said at least one concentrator is discharged into a closed chamber of the evaporator means for vaporization and collection of strengthened absorbent solution in a sump thereof for discharge into the absorber of the closed system, and wherein the compressed water refrigerant vapor from the vapor compressor means is discharged into a closed chamber of the condenser means above a sump therein for liquification and collection of water refrigerant for discharge into the evaporator of the closed system, there being a heat transfer wall separating the chamber of the evaporator means and transferring the heat of compression of the vapor compression means from the condenser means to the evaporator means.

8. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the compressor means for pressurizing the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means is a turbo-blower compressor operating by means of a pressure drop in the absorbent solution from the at least one concentrator to the absorber of the closed system.

9. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the compressor means for pressurizing the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means is an impulse turbine-blower compressor operating by means of a liquid pressure drop in the absorbent solution from the at least one concentrator to the absorber of the closed system.

10. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the compressor means is a fluid flow metering turbine having a high pressure inlet from the at least one concentrator and a low pressure discharge for controlling pressure drop in the absorbent solution from the at least one concentrator to the absorber of the closed system, driving a blower compressor pressurizing the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means.

11. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 10, wherein the turbine is assisted or resisted by a variable torque motor means for controlling metering of the absorbent solution.

12. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 1, wherein the evaporator means and condenser means are embodied in a common vessel with separate closed vapor chambers and sumps for each, wherein the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and absorbent material from said at least one concentrator is discharged into the closed chamber of the evaporator means for vaporization and collection of strengthened absorbent solution in the sump thereof for discharge into the absorber of the closed system, and wherein the compressed water refrigerant vapor from the vapor compressor means is discharged into the closed chamber of the condenser means above a sump therein for liquification and collection of water refrigerant for discharge into the evaporator of the closed system, there being a heat transfer wall separating the separate closed chambers of the evaporator means and condenser means and transferring the heat of compression of the vapor compress ion means from the condenser means to the evaporator means.

13. A refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator in a closed system for increasing the chilling capacity of a double effect reverse flow absorption chiller comprised of a first stage concentrator to which heat is applied to vaporize a water refrigerant and to concentrate an absorbent solution of said water refrigerant and a sorbent material, having a high temperature heat exchanger in a return line of weakened absorbent solution to said first stage concentrator and transferring heat of a strengthened absorbent solution concentrated by said first stage concentrator and into said return line of weakened absorbent solution, having a second stage concentrator with a condenser vapor chamber and sump for cooling and liquifying said vaporized water refrigerant, having an evaporator with a vapor chamber for chilling said water refrigerant by means of evaporation, having a low temperature heat exchanger in a line of the second stage absorbent solution joined by the first stage absorbent solution and transferring heat therefrom and into a return line of weakened absorbent solution and discharging into said evaporator vapor chamber, there being a heat-in coil from warmer system water that is chilled in said evaporator vapor chamber and which discharges heat to vaporize said water refrigerant, having an absorber for reducing water vapor pressure and with a vapor chamber and sump for water vapor absorption into the absorbent solution, there being a first heat-out coil in the absorber vapor chamber to pick up and discharge the heat of dilution, there being a second heat-out coil in the second stage concentrator and in series with said first heat-out coil to pick up and discharge the heat of condensation from the first stage concentrator, and means returning the absorbent solution from the absorber sump and through said return line and to the first stage concentrator for recycling through said closed system,

the refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator including, an evaporator means for vaporizing water from the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and sorbent material from said low temperature heat exchanger and for strengthening the absorbent solution discharged into the absorber of the closed system for additional absorption of water vapor therein, a vapor compressor means for pressurizing refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means, and condenser means for liquifying the water refrigerant vapor pressurized by the vapor compressor means for discharge of additional water refrigerant into the first mentioned evaporator of the closed system,

whereby the chilling effect applied to the system water is increased.

14. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 13, wherein the absorbent material is a Lithium-Bromide salt.

15. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 13, wherein the absorbent material is a Lithium-Bromide salt, and wherein the concentration of the absorbent solution from the low temperature heat exchanger is a nominal 63.0% and the concentration thereof from the evaporator means is a nominal 64.1%, the volume of water refrigerant from the condenser means being increased commensurately with the 1.1% increase in absorbent solution concentration,

whereby the volume of water refrigerant and resulting chilling effect is increased a nominal 23%.

16. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 13, wherein the evaporator means and condenser means are separated by a heat transfer wall transferring the heat of compression of the compressor means from the condenser means to the evaporator means.

17. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 13, wherein the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and absorbent material from said low temperature heat exchanger is discharged into a closed chamber of the evaporator means for vaporization and collection of strengthened absorbent solution in a sump thereof for discharge into the absorber of the closed system.

18. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 13, wherein the compressed water refrigerant vapor from the vapor compressor means is discharged into a closed chamber of the condenser means above a sump therein for liquification and collection of water refrigerant for discharge into the evaporator of the closed system.

19. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 13, wherein the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and absorbent material from said low temperature heat exchanger is discharged into a closed chamber of the evaporator means for vaporization and collection of strengthened absorbent solution in a sump thereof for discharge into the absorber of the closed system, and wherein the compressed water refrigerant vapor from the vapor compressor means is discharged into a closed chamber of the condenser means above a sump therein for liquification and collection of water refrigerant for discharge into the evaporator of the closed system, there being a heat transfer wall separating the chamber of the evaporator means and transferring the heat of compression of the vapor compression means from the condenser means to the evaporator means.

20. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 13, wherein the compressor means for pressurizing the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means is a turbo-blower compressor operating my means of a pressure drop in the absorbent solution from the high temperature heat exchanger to the absorber of the closed system.

21. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 13, wherein the compressor means for pressurizing the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means is an impulse turbine compressor operating by means of a liquid pressure drop in the absorbent solution from the high temperature heat exchanger to the absorber of the closed system.

22. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 13, wherein the compressor means is a fluid flow metering turbine having a high pressure inlet from the high temperature heat exchanger and a low pressure discharge to the absorber of the closed system for controlling pressure drop in the absorbent solution from the high temperature heat exchanger to said absorber, driving a blower compressor pressurizing the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means.

23. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 22, wherein the turbine is assisted or resisted by a variable torque motor means for controlling metering of the absorbent solution.

24. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 13, wherein the evaporator means and condenser means are embodied in a common vessel with separate closed vapor chambers and sumps for each, wherein the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and absorbent material from said low temperature heat exchanger is discharged into the closed chamber of the evaporator means for vaporization and collection of strengthened absorbent solution in the sump thereof for discharge into the absorber of the closed system, and wherein the compressed water refrigerant vapor from the vapor compressor means is discharged into the closed chamber of the condenser means above the sump therein for liquification and collection of water refrigerant for discharge into the evaporator of the closed system, there being a heat transfer wall separating the separate closed chambers of the evaporator means and condenser means and transferring the heat of compression of the vapor compression means from the condenser means to the evaporator means.

25. A refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator in a closed system for increasing the chilling capacity of a double effect series flow absorption chiller comprised of a first stage concentrator to which heat is applied to vaporize a water refrigerant and to concentrate an absorbent solution of said water refrigerant and a sorbent material, having a high temperature heat exchanger in a return line of weakened absorbent solution to said first stage concentrator and transferring heat of a strengthened absorbent solution concentrated by said first stage concentrator and into said return line of weakened absorbent solution, having a second stage concentrator with a condenser vapor chamber and sump for cooling and liquifying said vaporized water refrigerant, having an evaporator with a vapor chamber for chilling said water refrigerant by means of evaporation, having a low temperature heat exchanger in a series line of the second stage absorbent solution and transferring heat therefrom and into a return line of weakened absorbent solution in a series line through said high temperature heat exchanger, there being s heat-in coil from warmer system water that is chilled in said evaporator vapor chamber and which discharges heat to vaporize said water refrigerant, having an absorber for reducing water vapor pressure and with a vapor chamber and sump for water vapor absorption into the absorbent solution, there being a first heat-out coil in the absorber vapor chamber to pick up and discharge the heat of dilution, there being a second heat-out coil in the second stage concentrator and in series with said first heat-out coil to pick up and discharge the heat of condensation from the first stage concentrator, and means returning the absorbent solution from the absorber sump and through said return line in series through the low and high temperature heat exchangers and to the first stage concentrator for recycling through said closed system,

the refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator including, an evaporator means for vaporizing water from the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and sorbent material from said low temperature heat exchanger and for strengthening the absorbent solution discharged into the absorber of the closed system for additional absorption of water vapor therein, a vapor compressor means for pressurizing refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means, and condenser means for liquifying the water refrigerant vapor pressurized by the vapor compressor means for discharge of additional water refrigerant into the first mentioned evaporator of the close system.

whereby the chilling effect applied to the system water is increased.

26. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 25, wherein the absorbent material is a Lithium-Bromide salt.

27. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 25, wherein the absorbent material is a Lithium-Bromide salt, and wherein the concentration of the absorbent solution from the low temperature heat exchanger is a nominal 63.0% and the concentration thereof from the evaporator means is a nominal 64.1%, the volume of water refrigerant from the condenser means being increased commensurately with the nominal 1.1% increase in absorbent solution concentration,

whereby the volume of water refrigerant and resulting chilling effect is increased a nominal 23%.

28. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 25, wherein the evaporator means and condenser means are separated by a heat transfer wall transferring the heat of compression of the compressor means from the condenser means to the evaporator means.

29. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 25, wherein the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and absorbent material from said low temperature heat exchanger is discharged into a closed chamber of the evaporator means for vaporization and collection of strengthened absorbent solution in a sump thereof for discharge into the absorber of the closed system.

30. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 25, wherein the compressed water refrigerant vapor from the vapor compressor means is discharged into a closed chamber of the condenser means above a sump therein for liquification and collection of water refrigerant for discharge into the evaporator of the closed system.

31. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 25, wherein the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and absorbent material from said low temperature heat exchanger is discharged into a closed chamber of the evaporator means for vaporization and collection of strengthened absorbent solution in a sump thereof for discharge into the absorber of the closed system, and wherein the compressed water refrigerant vapor from the vapor compressor means is discharged into a closed chamber of the condenser means above a sump therein for liquification and collection of water refrigerant for discharge into the evaporator of the closed system, there being a heat transfer wall separating the chamber of the evaporator means and transferring the heat of compression of the vapor compression means from the condenser means to the evaporator means.

32. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 25, wherein the compressor means for pressurizing the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means is a turbo-blower compressor operating my means of a pressure drop in the absorbent solution from the high temperature heat exchanger to the absorber of the closed system.

33. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 25, wherein the compressor means for pressurizing the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means is an impulse turbine compressor operating by means of a liquid pressure drop in the absorbent solution from the high temperature heat exchanger to the absorber of the closed system.

34. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 25, wherein the compressor means is a fluid flow metering turbine having a high pressure inlet from the high temperature heat exchanger and a low pressure discharge to the absorber of the closed system for controlling pressure drop in the absorbent solution from the at high temperature heat exchanger to said absorber, driving a blower compressor pressurizing the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means.

35. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 34, wherein the turbine is assisted or resisted by a variable torque motor means for controlling metering of the absorbent solution.

36. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 25, wherein the evaporator means and condenser means are embodied in a common vessel with separate closed vapor chambers and sumps for each, wherein the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and absorbent material from said low temperature heat exchanger is discharged into the closed chamber of the evaporator means for vaporization and collection of strengthened absorbent solution in the sump thereof for discharge into the absorber of the closed system, and wherein the compressed water refrigerant vapor from the vapor compressor means is discharged into the closed chamber of the condenser means above the sump therein for liquification and collection of water refrigerant for discharge into the evaporator of the closed system, there being a heat transfer wall separating the separate closed chambers of the evaporator means and condenser means and transferring the heat of compression of the vapor compression means from the condenser means to the evaporator means.

37. A refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator in a closed system for increasing the chilling capacity of a double effect parallel flow absorption chiller comprised of a first stage concentrator to which heat is applied to vaporize a water refrigerant and to concentrate an absorbent solution of said water refrigerant and a sorbent material, having a high temperature heat exchanger in a return line of weakened absorbent solution to said first stage concentrator and transferring heat of a strengthened absorbent solution concentrated by said first stage concentrator and into said return line of weakened absorbent solution, having a second stage concentrator with a condenser vapor chamber and sump for cooling and liquifying said vaporized water refrigerant, having an evaporator with a vapor chamber for chilling said water refrigerant by means of evaporation, having a low temperature heat exchanger in a parallel line of the second stage absorbent solution joined by a first stage absorbent solution and transferring heat therefrom and into the return line of weakened absorbent solution, there being s heat-in coil from warmer system water that is chilled in said evaporator vapor chamber and which discharges heat to vaporize said water refrigerant, having an absorber for reducing water vapor pressure and with a vapor chamber and sump for water vapor absorption into the absorbent solution, there being a first heat-out coil in the absorber vapor chamber to pick up and discharge the heat of dilution, there being a second heat-out coil in the second stage concentrator and in series with said first heat-out coil to pick up and discharge the heat of condensation from the first stage concentrator, and means returning the absorbent solution from the absorber sump and through said return line in series through the low and high temperature heat exchangers and to the first stage concentrator for recycling through said closed system,

the refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator including, an evaporator means for vaporizing water from the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and sorbent material from said low temperature heat exchanger and for strengthening the absorbent solution discharged into the absorber of the closed system for additional absorption of water vapor therein, a vapor compressor means for pressurizing refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means, and condenser means for liquifying the water refrigerant vapor pressurized by the vapor compressor means for discharge of additional water refrigerant into the first mentioned evaporator of the close system.

whereby the chilling effect applied to the system water is increased.

38. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 37, wherein the absorbent material is a Lithium-Bromide salt.

39. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 37, wherein the absorbent material is a Lithium-Bromide salt, and wherein the concentration of the absorbent solution from the low temperature heat exchanger is a nominal 63.0% and the concentration thereof from the evaporator means is a nominal 64.1%, the volume of water refrigerant from the condenser means being increased commensurately with the nominal 1.1% increase in absorbent solution concentration,

whereby the volume of water refrigerant and resulting chilling effect is increased a nominal 23%.

40. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 37, wherein the evaporator means and condenser means are separated by a heat transfer wall transferring the heat of compression of the compressor means from the condenser means to the evaporator means.

41. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 37, wherein the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and absorbent material from said low temperature heat exchanger is discharged into a closed chamber of the evaporator means for vaporization and collection of strengthened absorbent solution in a sump thereof for discharge into the absorber of the closed system.

42. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 37, wherein the compressed water refrigerant vapor from the vapor compressor means is discharged into a closed chamber of the condenser means above a sump therein for liquification and collection of water refrigerant for discharge into the evaporator of the closed system.

43. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 37, wherein the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and absorbent material from said low temperature heat exchanger is discharged into a closed chamber of the evaporator means for vaporization and collection of strengthened absorbent solution in a sump thereof for discharge into the absorber of the closed system, and wherein the compressed water refrigerant vapor from the vapor compressor means is discharged into a closed chamber of the condenser means above a sump therein for liquification and collection of water refrigerant for discharge into the evaporator of the closed system, there being a heat transfer wall separating the chamber of the evaporator means and transferring the heat of compression of the vapor compression means from the condenser means to the evaporator means.

44. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 37, wherein the compressor means for pressurizing the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means is a turbo-blower compressor operating by means of a pressure drop in the absorbent solution from the high temperature heat exchanger to the absorber of the closed system.

45. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 37, wherein the compressor means for pressurizing the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means is an impulse turbine compressor operating by means of a liquid pressure drop in the absorbent solution from the high temperature heat exchanger to the absorber of the closed system.

46. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 37, wherein the compressor means is a fluid flow metering turbine having a high pressure inlet from the high temperature heat exchanger and a low pressure discharge to the absorber of the closed system for controlling pressure drop in the absorbent solution from the at high temperature heat exchanger to said absorber, driving a blower compressor pressurizing the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator means.

47. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 46, wherein the turbine is assisted or resisted by a variable torque motor means for controlling metering of the absorbent solution.

48. The refrigerant enhancer-absorbent concentrator as set forth in claim 37, wherein the evaporator means and condenser means are embodied in a common vessel with separate closed vapor chambers and sumps for each, wherein the absorbent solution of water refrigerant and absorbent material from said low temperature heat exchanger is discharged into the closed chamber of the evaporator means for vaporization and collection of strengthened absorbent solution in the sump thereof for discharge into the absorber of the closed system, and wherein the compressed water refrigerant vapor from the vapor compressor means is discharged into the closed chamber of the condenser means above the sump therein for liquification and collection of water refrigerant for discharge into the evaporator of the closed system, there being a heat transfer wall separating the separate closed chambers of the evaporator means and condenser means and transferring the heat of compression of the vapor compression means from the condenser means to the evaporator means.