Method and apparatus for boosting the amplitude of ECG signals within a predetermined frequency range

• US 5,601,089 A
• Filed: 01/26/1995
• Issued: 02/11/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 03/12/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Koninklijke Philips N.V.
• Original Assignee: Hewlett-Packard Company (HP Inc.)
• Inventors: Setterberg, Brian D., Bledsoe, J. Daren, Andresen, Alan V., Burton, David L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kamm, William E.
• Application Number:
  US08/379,046
• Time in Patent Office: 747 Days
• Field of Search: 128/696, 128/697, 128/710, 128/711, 128/902
• US Class Current: 600/524
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/333 Recording apparatus specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/336 Magnetic recording apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/349 Detecting specific parameters of the electrocardiograph cycle
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7203 for noise prevention, reduction or removal
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7225 Details of analog processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation A61B5/30, A61B5/316 take precedence; transformers for specific applications H01F38/00; amplifiers H03F
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7239 using differentiation including higher order derivatives
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7257 using Fourier transforms

Abstract

An ECG recorder and playback unit which includes software-implemented digital signal processing filters which compensate for phase and magnitude distortion occurring when an ECG signal is recorded on a Holter recorder and played back. This permits "tuning" a recorder and playback unit which may be unrelated, as when made by different manufacturers. An impulse or step signal is recorded and played back to provide a system frequency response measurement. Coefficients for a digital correction filter are derived from the discrete Fourier transform of the impulse or step response and a desired system response. When recorded ECG data is played back, it is filtered on a substantially real-time basis with the digital correction filter to compensate for phase and magnitude distortion. Prior to recording, the high frequencies of the ECG signal are boosted to compensate for high frequency losses inherent in the recording and playing back of ECG signals. A calibration pulse and a system characterization pulse are derived by statistically selecting from a plurality of pulses and averaging the selected pulses in order to minimize the effects of noise and tape defects in the pulses. High frequency components of the ECG signal can be amplified prior to recording the signal. This results in decreased amplification, and therefore noise, when the recorded signals are played back. Cardiac pacer pulse detection is performed prior to the step of filtering the played back signal to optimize pulse detection.

Claims

1. A recorder, comprising:

a plurality of patient monitor lines for connecting a plurality of electrodes attached to a patient to said recorder;

said recorder for recording ECG signals on an audio tape for later playback on a playback system, said recorder and said playback system accounting for losses in said ECG signals, said ECG signals sensed by said electrodes attached to said patient, said ECG signals having an ECG signal amplitude and an ECG signal frequency, said recorder further comprising;

an amplifier including a pre-emphasis gain boost characteristic for selectively boosting the amplitude of the ECG signals within a predetermined frequency range as a function of the ECG signal frequency and not the ECG signal amplitude prior to recording to compensate for said losses in the ECG signals due to the recording and playback of the ECG signals.

2. The unit of claim 1, wherein the amplifier has an amplifier gain that increases gradually above 10 hertz to a peak of about 10 dB of gain at about 150 hertz.

3. A recorder, comprising:

a plurality of patient monitor lines for connecting a plurality of electrodes attached to a patient to said recorder;

said recorder for recording ECG signals on an audio tape for later playback on a playback system, said recorder and said playback system accounting for losses in said ECG signals, said ECG signals sensed by said electrodes attached to said patient, said ECG signals having an ECG signal amplitude and an ECG signal frequency, said recorder further comprising;

an amplifier including a pre-emphasis gain boost characteristic for selectively boosting the amplitude of the ECG signals within a predetermined frequency range as a function of the ECG signal frequency and not the ECG signal amplitude prior to recording to compensate for said losses in the ECG signals due to the recording and playback of the ECG signals,

said amplifier further comprising;

a differential amplifier having a predetermined high frequency rolloff, the differential amplifier having a differential input for receiving the ECG signals and a differential output;

a differential-to-single-ended converter having a differential input coupled to the output of the differential amplifier and an output; and

an output amplifier having a predetermined high frequency boost, the output amplifier having an input coupled to the output of the differential-to-single-ended converter and an output for providing the boosted ECG signals.

4. The unit of claim 3, wherein the differential amplifier comprises

a first operational amplifier having a positive input, a negative input, and an output;

a first resistor and first capacitor connected in parallel and coupled between the output and the negative input of the first operational amplifier;

a second operational amplifier having a positive input, a negative input, and an output;

a second resistor and second capacitor connected in parallel and coupled between the output and the negative input of the second operational amplifier, wherein the positive inputs of the first and second operational amplifiers form the differential input and the outputs of the first and second operational amplifiers form the differential output.

5. A method for recording ECG signals on an audio tape for later playback on a playback system, said recorder and playback system accounting for losses in said ECG signals, said ECG signals having an ECG signal amplitude and an ECG signal frequency, said method comprising the steps of:

sensing the ECG signals on electrodes attached to a patient, thereby creating sensed signals;

boosting the amplitude of the sensed signals within a predetermined frequency range as a function of the EGG signal frequency and not the ECG signal amplitude to compensate for said losses of the ECG signals due to the recording and playback of the ECG signals, thereby creating boosted signals, wherein said sensed signals outside of said predetermined range are unboosted signals; and

recording the boosted and unboosted signals, thereby creating recording signals.