Fly ash cementitious material and method of making a product

• US 5,601,643 A
• Filed: 05/16/1996
• Issued: 02/11/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 02/17/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Zeotech Corporation
• Original Assignee: By-Products Development Company, Drexel University
• Inventors: Samadi, Anamolah, Rostami, Hossein, Silverstrim, Thomas, Larralde, Jesus
• Primary Examiner(s): Bell, Mark L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MARCHESCHI, MICHAEL A
• Application Number:
  US08/649,413
• Time in Patent Office: 271 Days
• Field of Search: 106/600, 106/606, 106/624, 106/631, 106/DIG. 1
• US Class Current: 106/624
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 12/04 Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements ; Alkyl silicate cements; Silica sol cements; Soluble silicate cements alkali metal silicates per se, their preparation C01B33/32; ammonium silicates per se, their preparation C01C1/00
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 18/08 Flue dust , i.e. fly ash
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 20/0048 Fibrous materials
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 28/26 Silicates of the alkali metals
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 40/0263 Hardening promoted by a rise in temperature C04B40/024 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 7/02 Portland cement
• CPC Class Codes: Y02W 30/91 Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 106/01 Fly ash

Abstract

Rapid curing, high strength cementitious binder mixtures are provided containing fly ash and an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal silicate binder that has a weight ratio of SiO₂ :M₂ O of about 0.20:1 to about 0.75:1 wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, 1/2Ca and 1/2Mg. The cementitious binder mixtures can be mixed with aggregates to provide mortar and concrete mixtures. Any of the binder, mortar and concrete mixtures can be cured under elevated temperatures to yield high strength products.

Claims

1. A high strength cementitious binder mixture comprising fly ash and an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal silicate binder, the silicate binder comprising an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal silicate component and an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide component wherein the silicate binder has a SiO₂ :

M₂ O weight ratio of about 0.20;

1 to about 0.75;

1, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Na, Li, K, 1/2Ca and 1/2Mg and, further, wherein sufficient silicate binder is present to provide said cementitious binder mixture with a compressive strength after curing of at least about 2000 psi.

2. The cementitious binder mixture of claim 1 wherein M is Na and the alkali silicate component comprises an aqueous sodium silicate solution containing about 38% to about 55% sodium silicate solids content, a SiO₂ :

Na₂ O ratio of about 2;

1 to about 3.22;

1, and about 45% to about 62% water based on the weight of the aqueous sodium silicate solution, and

the hydroxide component comprises about 25% to about 100% sodium hydroxide and up to about 75% water based on the weight of the hydroxide component.

3. The cementitious binder mixture of claim 1 wherein the fly ash is selected from the group consisting of Class C fly ash and Class F fly ash.

4. The cementitious binder mixture of claim 2 wherein the fly ash is Class F fly ash.

5. The cementitious binder mixture of claim 4 wherein the Class F fly ash is present in an amount of from about 15% to about 90% based on weight of the binder mixture.

6. The cementitious binder mixture of claim 5 wherein the Class F fly ash is present in an amount of about 60% to about 80%, and wherein the Class F fly ash has a carbon content of less than about 6%.

7. The cementitious binder mixture of claim 6 wherein the silicate component comprises about 2% to about 20% by weight of the cementitious binder mixture and the hydroxide component comprises about 2% to about 20% by weight of the cementitious binder mixture.

8. The cementitious binder mixture of claim 7 wherein the ratio of SiO₂ :

M₂ O in the silicate binder is about 0.5;

1 to about 0.6;

1.

9. The cementitious binder mixture of claim 1 further comprising Portland cement in an amount of up to about 15% by weight of the binder mixture.

10. A cementitious mortar mixture comprising the cementitious binder mixture of claim 2 and fine aggregate.

11. A cementitious concrete mixture comprising the cementitious mortar mixture of claim 10 and a reinforcement selected from the group consisting of coarse aggregate and fibers.

12. The cementitious concrete mixture of claim 11 comprising about 10% to about 90% Class F Fly Ash, about 1% to about 20% sodium hydroxide component, about 1% to about 20% sodium silicate component, up to about 10% additional water, about 18 to about 85% coarse aggregate, and about 1% up to about 85% fine aggregate based on the weight of the concrete mixture.

13. The cementitious concrete mixture of claim 11 wherein said fiber is selected from the group consisting of steel, glass, polypropylene, carbon, and high density polyethylene.

14. A method of manufacture of a high strength cured cementitious product comprising,

forming a mixture comprising fly ash, and an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal silicate binder wherein the silicate binder has a weight ratio SiO₂ :

M₂ O of about 0.20;

1 to about 0.75;

1 wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, 1/2Ca and 1/2Mg, and

heat treating the mixture at a temperature of at least about 40°

C. to obtain a high strength, cured cementitious product, wherein sufficient silicate binder is present in the mixture to provide a compressive strength in the cured cementitious product of at least about 2000 psi.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the fly ash is selected from the group consisting of Class C fly ash and Class F fly ash.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the Class F fly ash is present in the composition in an amount of from about 10% to about 90% based on weight of the mixture.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the heat treating is performed at about 40°

C. to about 120°

C. for about 1.5 to about 60 hours.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the ratio is about 0.5:

1 to about 0.6;

1.

19. A high pressure strength cementitious material comprising a heat cured reaction product of a mixture of fly ash selected from the group consisting of Class F fly ash and Class C fly ash, and

an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal silicate binder wherein the silicate binder has a weight ratio SiO₂ :

M₂ O of about 0.20;

1 to about 0.75;

1,

wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, 1/2Ca and 1/2Mg and, further, wherein sufficient silicate binder is present to provide the cured reaction product with a compressive strength of at least about 2000 psi.

20. The high compressive strength cementitious material of claim 19 wherein the silicate binder comprises sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide.