Photochromic devices

• US 5,604,626 A
• Filed: 02/10/1995
• Issued: 02/18/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 02/10/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Donnelly Corporation (Magna International Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Donnelly Corporation (Magna International Incorporated)
• Inventors: Tonazzi, Juan C. L., Agrawal, Anoop, Cronin, John P., Teowee, Gimtong, Allemand, Pierre-Marc
• Primary Examiner(s): Hellner, Mark
• Application Number:
  US08/386,771
• Time in Patent Office: 739 Days
• Field of Search: 359/241, 359/265, 359/275
• US Class Current: 359/265
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10036 comprising two outer glass sheets
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10174 Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/0126 Opto-optical modulation, i.e. control of one light beam by another light beam, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/13324 Circuits comprising solar cells
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/1533 structural features not otherwise provided for
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/163 Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 14/005 Photoelectrochemical storage cells light sensitive devices H01G9/20, semiconductors sensitive to light H01L31/00

Abstract

A photochromic device is provided which allows the user to leave the device in a high transmissive state even when exposed to a source of radiation and to control the degree of darkening achieved while exposed to the source of radiation.

Claims

1. A photochromic device capable of a reversible color change comprising (i) a first conducting electrode opposing a second conducting electrode, wherein at least one of said electrodes is transparent, (ii) a radiation sensitive electrode disposed on an opposing surface of said first conducting electrode, (iii) an interconnecting medium containing a redox promoter disposed between said second conducting electrode and said radiation sensitive electrode, (iv) an electrical connection means for electrically connecting said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode and (v) an ion intercalative electrode disposed between said interconnecting medium and said second conducting electrode.

2. The photochromic device according to claim 1, further comprising control means for controlling the electrical connection between the first conducting electrode and the second conducting electrode.

3. The photochromic device according to claim 1, further comprising a first substrate disposed on an outer facing surface of said first conducting electrode and a second substrate disposed on an other outer facing surface of said second conducting electrode, wherein at least one of said substrates is transparent.

4. The photochromic device according to claim 1, wherein said device comprises another ion intercalative electrode disposed between said radiation sensitive electrode and said interconnecting medium.

5. The photochromic device according to claim 4, wherein said device comprises a redox active species in said interconnecting medium.

6. The photochromic device according to claim 1, wherein said device comprises a redox active species in said interconnecting medium.

7. The photochromic device according to claim 1, wherein said radiation sensitive electrode is a semiconductor.

8. The photochromic device according to claim 1, wherein said radiation sensitive electrode is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide and mixtures thereof.

9. The photochromic device according to claim 1, wherein said radiative sensitive electrode is a p-n semiconductor or a Schottky junction.

10. The photochromic device according to claim 1, wherein said ion intercalative electrode is comprised of an ion intercalatable material selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, tungstates, molybdenum oxide, molybdates, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, vanadates, niobium oxide, polyviologens, polyanilines, polythiophenes, Prussian blue, composites thereof and mixtures thereof. wherein said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode are comprised of indium oxide doped with about 2 to about 20 mole % of tin oxide.

11. The photochromic device according to claim 1, wherein said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode are comprised of indium oxide doped with about 2 to about 20 mole % of tin oxide.

12. The photochromic device according to claim 1, wherein said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode are comprised of a fluorine doped tin oxide layer deposited on top of a non-iridescent coated transparent substrate.

13. The photochromic device according to claim 1, wherein said interconnecting medium is a solid or a liquid.

14. The photochromic device according to claim 1, wherein said interconnecting medium contains a dissociable salt selected from the group consisting of lithium, potassium, sodium, rubidium, silver and cesium salts.

15. The photochromic device according to claim 14, wherein said dissociable salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium triflate, lithium iodide, lithium tetrafluoroborate and mixtures thereof.

16. The photochromic device according to claim 15, wherein said liquid interconnecting medium is comprised of said dissociable salt mixed with propylene carbonate, benzyl alcohol or mixtures thereof.

17. The photochromic device according to claim 1, wherein said interconnecting medium contains an organic base.

18. The photochromic device according to claim 17, wherein said organic base is an organic amine.

19. The photochromic device according to claim 18, wherein said organic amine is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, t-butylpyridine, tributylamine, triethanolamine, 3-picoline, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-undec-7-ene and mixtures thereof.

20. The photochromic device according to claim 14, wherein said solid interconnecting medium is selected from a thermoplastic or a thermosetting polymer.

21. The photochromic device according to claim 3, wherein said device is a vehicular mirror or a vehicular glazing.

22. The photochromic device according to claim 21, wherein said vehicular glazing is selected from the group consisting of a vehicular sunroof, a vehicular window, a sun visor and a shadeband.

23. The photochromic device according to claim 21, wherein said vehicular mirror is an interior vehicular mirror or an exterior vehicular mirror.

24. The photochromic device according to claim 3, wherein said device is an architectural glazing.

25. A user controllable photochromic device capable of a reversible color change comprising (i) a first conducting electrode opposing a second conducting electrode, wherein at least one of said electrodes is transparent, (ii) a radiation sensitive electrode disposed on an opposing surface of said first conducting electrode, (iii) an interconnecting medium containing a redox promoter disposed between said radiation sensitive electrode and said second conducting electrode, (iv) an ion intercalative electrode disposed between said interconnecting medium and said second conducting electrode and (v) an electrical connection means for electrically connecting said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode, wherein said electrical connection means includes control means for controlling the electrical connection between the first conducting electrode and the second conducting electrode.

26. The photochromic device according to claim 25, further comprising a first substrate disposed on an outer facing surface of said first conducting electrode and a second substrate disposed on an other outer facing surface of said second conducting electrode, wherein at least one of said substrates is transparent.

27. The photochromic device according to claim 25, wherein said radiation sensitive electrode is a semiconductor.

28. The photochromic device according to claim 25, wherein said radiation sensitive electrode is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide and mixtures thereof.

29. The photochromic device according to claim 25, wherein said radiation sensitive electrode is a p-n semiconductor or a Schottky junction.

30. The photochromic device according to claim 25, wherein said ion intercalative electrode is comprised of an ion intercalatable material selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, tungstates, molybdenum oxide, molybdates, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, vanadates, niobium oxide, polyviologens, polyanilines, polythiophenes, Prussian blue, composites thereof and mixtures thereof.

31. The photochromic device according to claim 25, wherein said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode are comprised of indium oxide doped with about 5 to about 20 mole % of tin oxide.

32. The photochromic device according to claim 25, wherein said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode are comprised of a fluorine doped tin oxide layer deposited on top of a non-iridescent coated transparent substrate.

33. The photochromic device according to claim 25, wherein said interconnecting medium is a solid or a liquid.

34. The photochromic device according to claim 25, wherein said interconnecting medium contains a dissociable salt selected from the group consisting of lithium, potassium, sodium, rubidium, silver and cesium salts.

35. The photochromic device according to claim 34, wherein said dissociable salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium triflate, lithium iodide, lithium tetrafluoroborate and mixtures thereof.

36. The photochromic device according to claim 34, wherein said liquid interconnecting medium is comprised of said dissociable salt mixed with propylene carbonate, benzyl alcohol or mixtures thereof.

37. The photochromic device according to claim 25, wherein said interconnecting medium contains an organic base.

38. The photochromic device according to claim 37, wherein said organic base is an organic amine.

39. The photochromic device according to claim 38, wherein said organic amine is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, t-butylpyridine, tributylamine, triethanolamine, 3-picoline, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-undec-7-ene and mixtures thereof.

40. The photochromic device according to claim 34, wherein said solid interconnecting medium is selected from a thermoplastic or a thermosetting polymer.

41. The photochromic device according to claim 26, wherein said device is a vehicular mirror or a vehicular glazing.

42. The photochromic device according to claim 41, wherein said vehicular glazing is selected from the group consisting of a vehicular sunroof, a vehicular window, a sun visor and a shadeband.

43. The photochromic device according to claim 41, wherein said vehicular mirror is an interior vehicular mirror or an exterior vehicular mirror.

44. The photochromic device according to claim 26, wherein said device is an architectural glazing.

45. A method for preparing a photochromic device capable of a reversible color change comprising the steps of:

(a) forming a radiation sensitive electrode on a surface of a first conducting electrode;

(b) forming an ion intercalative electrode on an other surface of a second conducting electrode;

(c) assembling said first conducting electrode having said radiation sensitive electrode formed thereon and said second conducting electrode having said ion intercalative electrode formed thereon to form a cell with said radiation sensitive electrode facing said ion intercalative electrode;

(d) providing said cell with an interconnecting medium containing a redox promoter disposed between said radiation sensitive electrode and said ion intercalative electrode; and

(e) providing an electrical connection means for electrically connecting said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode.

46. The method according to claim 45, wherein said electrical connection means includes control means for controlling the electrical connection between the first conducting electrode and the second conducting electrode.

47. The method according to claim 45, wherein a first substrate is disposed on an outward facing surface of said first conducting electrode and a second substrate is disposed on an other outward facing surface of said second conducting electrode, wherein at least one of said substrates is transparent.

48. The method according to claim 45, wherein the radiation sensitive electrode is a semiconductor.

49. The method according to claim 45, wherein said radiation sensitive electrode is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide and mixtures thereof.

50. The method according to claim 45, wherein said ion intercalative electrode is comprised of an ion intercalatable material selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, tungstates, molybdenum oxide, molybdates, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, vanadates, niobium oxide, polyviologens, polyanilines, polythiophenes, Prussian blue, composites thereof and mixtures thereof.

51. The method according to claim 45, wherein said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode are comprised of indium oxide doped with about 2 to about 20 mole % of tin oxide.

52. The method according to claim 45, wherein said interconnecting medium is a solid or a liquid.

53. The method according to claim 45, wherein said interconnecting medium contains a dissociable salt selected from the group consisting of lithium, potassium, sodium, rubidium, silver and cesium salts.

54. The method according to claim 53, wherein said dissociable salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium triflate lithium iodide, lithium tetrafluoroborate and mixtures thereof.

55. The method according to claim 45, wherein said interconnecting medium contains an organic base.

56. The method according to claim 55, wherein said organic base is an organic amine.

57. The method according to claim 56, wherein said organic amine is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, t-butylpyridine, tributylamine, triethanolamine, 3-picoline, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-undec-7-ene and mixtures thereof.

58. A method for preparing a photochromic device capable of a reversible color change and user control comprising the steps of:

(a) forming a radiation sensitive electrode on a surface of a first conducting electrode;

(b) assembling said first conducting electrode having said radiation sensitive electrode formed thereon and a second conducting electrode to form a cell with said radiation sensitive electrode facing inward;

(c) providing an interconnecting medium containing a redox promoter and a redox active species capable of a reversible color change in said cell between said second conducting electrode and said radiation sensitive electrode; and

(d) providing an electrical connection means for electrically connecting said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode.

59. The method according to claim 58, wherein said electrical connection means includes control means for controlling the electrical connection between the first conducting electrode and the second conducting electrode.

60. The method according to claim 58, wherein a first substrate is disposed on an outward facing surface of said first conducting electrode and a second substrate is disposed on an other outward facing surface of said second conducting electrode, wherein at least one of said substrates is transparent.

61. The method according to claim 58, wherein the radiation sensitive electrode is a semiconductor.

62. The method according to claim 58, wherein said radiation sensitive electrode is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide and mixtures thereof.

63. The method according to claim 58, wherein said redox active species is selected from the group consisting of metallocenes, metallocene derivatives, transition metals, rare earth ions and complexes thereof, mercapatans and organothiolates and polymers and oligomers thereof and organic redox active species.

64. The method according to claim 58, wherein said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode are comprised of indium oxide doped with about 2 to about 20 mole % of tin oxide.

65. The method according to claim 58, wherein said interconnecting medium is a solid or a liquid.

66. The method according to claim 58, wherein said interconnecting medium contains a dissociable salt selected from the group consisting of lithium, potassium, sodium, rubidium, silver and cesium salts.

67. The method according to claim 66, wherein said dissociable salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium triflate, lithium iodide, lithium tetrafluoroborate and mixtures thereof.

68. The method according to claim 58, wherein said interconnecting medium contains an organic base.

69. The method according to claim 68, wherein said organic base is an organic amine.

70. The method according to claim 69, wherein said organic amine is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, t-butylpyridine, tributylamine, triethanolamine, 3-picoline, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-undec-7-ene and mixtures thereof.

71. A method for preparing a photochromic device capable of a reversible color change comprising the steps of:

(a) forming a radiation sensitive electrode on a surface of a first conducting electrode;

(b) forming an ion intercalative electrode on a surface of said radiation sensitive electrode;

(c) assembling said first conducting electrode having said radiation sensitive electrode and said ion intercalative electrode formed thereon with a second conducting electrode to form a cell with said ion intercalative electrode facing said second conducting electrode;

(d) providing said cell with an interconnecting medium containing a redox promoter disposed between said second conducting electrode and said ion intercalative electrode; and

(e) providing an electrical connection means for electrically connecting said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode.

72. The method according to claim 71, wherein the electrical connection means includes control means for controlling the electrical connection between the first conducting electrode and the second conducting electrode.

73. The method according to claim 71, wherein a first substrate is disposed on an outward facing surface of said first conducting electrode and a second substrate is disposed on an other outward facing surface of said second conducting electrode, wherein at least one of said substrates is transparent.

74. The method according to claim 71, wherein the radiation sensitive electrode is a semiconductor.

75. The method according to claim 71, wherein said radiation sensitive electrode is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide and mixtures thereof.

76. The method according to claim 71, wherein said ion intercalative electrode is comprised of an ion intercalatable material selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, tungstates, molybdenum oxide, molybdates, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, vanadates, niobium oxide, polyviologens, polyanilines, polythiophenes, Prussian blue, composites thereof and mixtures thereof.

77. The method according to claim 71, wherein said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode are comprised of indium oxide doped with about 2 to about 20 mole % of tin oxide.

78. The method according to claim 71, wherein said interconnecting medium is a solid or a liquid.

79. The method according to claim 71, wherein said interconnecting medium contains a dissociable salt selected from the group consisting of lithium, potassium, sodium, rubidium, silver and cesium salts.

80. The method according to claim 79, wherein said dissociable salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium triflate, lithium iodide, lithium tetrafluoroborate and mixtures thereof.

81. The method according to claim 71, wherein said interconnecting medium contains an organic base.

82. The method according to claim 81, wherein said organic base is an organic amine.

83. The method according to claim 82, wherein said organic amine is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, t-butylpyridine, tributylamine, triethanolamine, 3-picoline, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-undec-7-ene and mixtures thereof.

84. A photochromic device capable of a reversible color change comprising (i) a first conducting electrode opposing a second conducting electrode, wherein at least one of said electrodes is transparent, (ii) a radiation sensitive electrode disposed on an opposing surface of said first conducting electrode, (iii) an interconnecting medium containing a redox promoter disposed between said second conducting electrode and said radiation sensitive electrode, (iv) an electrical connection means for electrically connecting said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode and (v) an ion intercalative electrode disposed between said radiation sensitive electrode and said interconnecting medium.

85. The photochromic device according to claim 84, further comprising control means for controlling the electrical connection between the first conducting electrode and the second conducting electrode.

86. The photochromic device according to claim 84, further comprising a first substrate disposed on an outer facing surface of said first conducting electrode and a second substrate disposed on an other outer facing surface of said second conducting electrode, wherein at least one of said substrates is transparent.

87. The photochromic device according to claim 84, wherein said device comprises another ion intercalative electrode disposed between said interconnecting medium and said conducting electrode.

88. The photochromic device according to claim 84, wherein said device comprises the redox active species in said interconnecting medium.

89. The photochromic device according to claim 84, wherein said radiation sensitive electrode is a semiconductor.

90. The photochromic device according to claim 84, wherein said radiation sensitive electrode is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide and mixtures thereof.

91. The photochromic device according to claim 84, wherein said radiative sensitive electrode is a p-n semiconductor or a Schottky junction.

92. The photochromic device according to claim 84, wherein said ion intercalative electrode is comprised of an ion intercalatable material selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, tungstates, molybdenum oxide, molybdates, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, vanadates, niobium oxide, polyviologens, polyanilines, polythiophenes, Prussian blue, composites thereof and mixtures thereof.

93. The photochromic device according to claim 84, wherein said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode are comprised of indium oxide doped with about 2 to about 20 mole % of tin oxide.

94. The photochromic device according to claim 84, wherein said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode are comprised of a fluorine doped tin oxide layer deposited on top of a non-iridescent coated transparent substrate.

95. The photochromic device according to claim 84, wherein said interconnecting medium is a solid or a liquid.

96. The photochromic device according to claim 84, wherein said interconnecting medium contains a dissociable salt selected from the group consisting of lithium, potassium, sodium, rubidium, silver and cesium salts.

97. The photochromic device according to claim 96, wherein said dissociable salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium triflate, lithium iodide, lithium tetrafluoroborate and mixtures thereof.

98. The photochromic device according to claim 97, wherein said liquid interconnecting medium is comprised of said dissociable salt mixed with propylene carbonate, benzyl alcohol or mixtures thereof.

99. The photochromic device according to claim 84 wherein said interconnecting medium contains an organic base.

100. The photochromic device according to claim 99, wherein said organic base is an organic amine.

101. The photochromic device according to claim 100, wherein said organic amine is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, t-butylpyridine, tributylamine, triethanolamine, 3-picoline, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-undec-7-ene and mixtures thereof.

102. The photochromic device according to claim 95, wherein said solid interconnecting medium is selected from a thermoplastic or a thermosetting polymer.

103. The photochromic device according to claim 86, wherein said device is a vehicular mirror or a vehicular glazing.

104. The photochromic device according to claim 103, wherein said vehicular glazing is selected from the group consisting of a vehicular sunroof, a vehicular window, a sun visor and a shadeband.

105. The photochromic device according to claim 103, wherein said vehicular mirror is an interior vehicular mirror or an exterior vehicular mirror.

106. The photochromic device according to claim 86, wherein said device is an architectural glazing.

107. A photochromic device capable of a reversible color change comprising (i) a first conducting electrode opposing a second conducting electrode, wherein at least one of said electrodes is transparent, (ii) a radiation sensitive electrode disposed on an opposing surface of said first conducting electrode, (iii) an interconnecting medium containing a redox promoter disposed between said second conducting electrode and said radiation sensitive electrode, (iv) an electrical connection means for electrically connecting said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode and (v) a redox active species capable of a reversible color change in said interconnecting medium.

108. The photochromic device according to claim 107, further comprising control means for controlling the electrical connection between the first conducting electrode and the second conducting electrode.

109. The photochromic device according to claim 107, further comprising a first substrate disposed on an outer facing surface of said first conducting electrode and a second substrate disposed on an other outer facing surface of said second conducting electrode, wherein at least one of said substrates is transparent.

110. The photochromic device according to claim 107, wherein said device comprises an ion intercalative electrode disposed between said interconnecting medium and said conducting electrode.

111. The photochromic device according to claim 107, wherein said device comprises an ion intercalative electrode disposed between said radiation sensitive electrode and said interconnecting medium.

112. The photochromic device according to claim 107, wherein said radiation sensitive electrode is a semiconductor.

113. The photochromic device according to claim 107, wherein said radiation sensitive electrode is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide and mixtures thereof.

114. The photochromic device according to claim 107, wherein said radiative sensitive electrode is a p-n semiconductor or a Schottky junction.

115. The photochromic device according to claim 110, wherein said ion intercalative electrode is comprised of an ion intercalatable material selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, tungstates, molybdenum oxide, molybdates, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, vanadates, niobium oxide, polyviologens, polyanilines, polythiophenes, Prussian blue, composites thereof and mixtures thereof.

116. The photochromic device according to claim 111, wherein said ion intercalative electrode is comprised of an ion intercalatable material selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, tungstates, molybdenum oxide, molybdates, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, vanadates, niobium oxide, polyviologens, polyanilines, polythiophenes, Prussian blue, composites thereof and mixtures thereof.

117. The photochromic device according to claim 107, wherein said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode are comprised of indium oxide doped with about 2 to about 20 mole % of tin oxide.

118. The photochromic device according to claim 107, wherein said first conducting electrode and said second conducting electrode are comprised of a fluorine doped tin oxide layer deposited on top of a non-iridescent coated transparent substrate.

119. The photochromic device according to claim 107, wherein said interconnecting medium is a solid or a liquid.

120. The photochromic device according to claim 107, wherein said interconnecting medium contains a dissociable salt selected from the group consisting of lithium, potassium, sodium, rubidium, silver and cesium salts.

121. The photochromic device according to claim 120, wherein said dissociable salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium triflate, lithium iodide, lithium tetrafluoroborate and mixtures thereof.

122. The photochromic device according to claim 121, wherein said liquid interconnecting medium is comprised of said dissociable salt mixed with propylene carbonate, benzyl alcohol or mixtures thereof.

123. The photochromic device according to claim 107 wherein said interconnecting medium contains an organic base.

124. The photochromic device according to claim 122, wherein said organic base is an organic amine.

125. The photochromic device according to claim 124, wherein said organic amine is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, t-butylpyridine, tributylamine, triethanolamine, 3-picoline, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-undec-7-ene and mixtures thereof.

126. The photochromic device according to claim 119, wherein said solid interconnecting medium is selected from a thermoplastic or a thermosetting polymer.

127. The photochromic device according to claim 109, wherein said device is a vehicular mirror or a vehicular glazing.

128. The photochromic device according to claim 127, wherein said vehicular glazing is selected from the group consisting of a vehicular sunroof, a vehicular window, a sun visor and a shadeband.

129. The photochromic device according to claim 127, wherein said vehicular mirror is an interior vehicular mirror or an exterior vehicular mirror.

130. The photochromic device according to claim 109, wherein said device is an architectural glazing.