Transaction processing system

• US 5,604,802 A
• Filed: 07/18/1994
• Issued: 02/18/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 10/29/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Holloway, Christopher J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cain, David C.
• Application Number:
  US08/276,138
• Time in Patent Office: 946 Days
• Field of Search: 380/23, 380/24, 380/25, 380/3, 380/4, 380/49
• US Class Current: 705/66
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/341 Active cards, i.e. cards including their own processing means, e.g. including an IC or chip
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/3672 initialising or reloading thereof
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/401 Transaction verification
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/40145 Biometric identity checks
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/247 electronically, e.g. by comparing signal of hand-writing with a reference signal from the pass
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/1008 Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/1016 Devices or methods for securing the PIN and other transaction-data, e.g. by encryption arrangements for secret communication, see H04L9/00

Abstract

A transaction processing system comprises at least one transaction terminal (10, 11, 12) having means to receive characteristic data from a user, which characteristic data is required to generate a characteristic image associated with the user, such as an image of the user'"'"'s signature, from data stored in a data processing system (14); and logic for generating a transaction message by combining transaction data with the characteristic data in such a way that the transaction data is required to recover the characteristic data from the message. The data processing system (14) comprises means to store the user data, to receive and store the message, to recover the characteristic data from the message using the transaction data, and to reconstruct the characteristic image from the user data using the characteristic data to establish that the transaction was valid by associating the characteristic image with the transaction data.

Claims

1. A transaction processing system comprising:

a data processing system (14) and at least one transaction terminal (10, 11,

     12) for use at a remote location by a user, the transaction terminal comprising;

means to receive characteristic data (517a) from the user, which characteristic data is required to generate a characteristic image (521) associated with the user from user data (523) stored in the data processing system;

logic for generating a transaction message (520) by combining data relating to a transaction (514) with the characteristic data (517a) in such a way that the transaction data (514) is required to recover the characteristic data (517a) from the transaction message (520); and

means connectable to a data communications network for transmitting the transaction message (520) to the data processing system, and the data processing system comprising;

means to store the user data (523);

means to receive from the network and store the transaction message (520);

logic for recovering the characteristic data (517b) from the stored transaction message (520) using the transaction data (514); and

logic for reconstructing the characteristic image (512b,

     521) from the user data (523) using the characteristic data (523, 517b) for use in establishing that the transaction was valid by associating the characteristic image with the transaction data.

2. A transaction processing system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the transaction terminal comprises means to establish that the user is authorized to effect the transaction.

3. A transaction processing system as claimed in claim 2 wherein the user data (523) comprises a random number combined with a digital representation (512a) of the characteristic image.

4. A transaction processing system as claimed in claim 3 wherein the characteristic data (513a, 517a) is generated from the user data using a hashing algorithm.

5. A transaction processing system as claimed in claim 4 wherein the transaction message (520) comprises a transaction portion containing the transaction data (514) and a seal portion, the seal portion comprising the characteristic data encrypted using a key (516) derived from the transaction data.

6. A transaction processing system as claimed in claim 5 wherein the key (516) is derived from the transaction data using a hashing algorithm.

7. A transaction processing system processing system comprises:

a first data processing facility (13) for use by a verifier, the first data processing facility comprising;

means to receive from the network and store the transaction message (520) and

means to effect the transaction using the transaction data;

a second data processing facility (14) for use by an arbiter, the second data processing facility comprising

means to store the user data;

logic for recovering the characteristic data (517b) from the stored transaction message (520) using the transaction data (514);

and logic for reconstructing the characteristic image (512b,

     521) from the characteristic data (523, 517b) using the user data for use in establishing that the transaction was valid by associating the characteristic image with the transaction data.

8. A transaction processing system as claimed in claim 7 wherein the characteristic data (513a) is generated from the user data using a hashing algorithm and the first data processing facility comprises

means for storing encrypted user data (523) encrypted using the characteristic data;

logic for recovering the characteristic data (517b) from the stored transaction message (520) using the transaction data (514);

logic (505b) for decrypting the encrypted user data using the recovered characteristic data (517b);

logic (503c) for generating the characteristic data (513b) from the decrypted user data;

and means (508) to compare the characteristic data generated from the decrypted user data with the recovered characteristic data to establish the validity of the transaction.

9. A transaction processing system as claimed in claim 8 wherein the transaction terminal comprises a smart card (515) supplied by the user and a smart card reader, the smart card comprising means to store the characteristic data (517a) and logic for combining the characteristic data with the transaction data for use in generating the transaction message.

10. A transaction processing system as claimed in claim 9 wherein the smart card comprises means for storing a user-specific encryption key and logic for encrypting the characteristic data using the user-specific encryption key, the data processing system comprising means to store the user-specific key, and logic for using the user specific key to recover the characteristic data from the transaction message.

11. A data processing system adapted for use as the second data processing facility in a transaction processing system as claimed in claim 7 or claim 8.

12. Apparatus for enrolling users of a transaction processing system as claimed in claim 10, the apparatus comprising:

means to generate and store a digital representation (511) of the characteristic image for each user;

and logic for generating the user data and the characteristic data (513a) from the digital representation of the characteristic image.

13. Apparatus as claimed in claim 12, the apparatus comprising logic (504a) for encrypting the user data using the characteristic data.

14. A process for providing security in transaction processing systems comprising the steps of:

creating a seal key and storing the key in a verifier storage and in a smart card containing user identification data;

creating a user electronic signature and combining the signature with an input from a random number generator to form an electronic signature record (ESR);

hashing the ESR to form a hashed ESR (HESR);

enciphering the ESR using the HESR and the seal key to form an enciphered ESR for storage in the verifier storage;

generating a transaction message using the smart card;

hashing the transaction message to form a MASH;

combining the HESR with the user identification information in the smart card to form a +HESR+;

enciphering the message using the MASH, the seal key and the +HESR+ to form a sealed message; and

validating the transaction message comprising the steps of;

deciphering the sealed message to reform the +HESR+;

deciphering the ESR from the verifier storage and hashing the ESR to form the HESR, and

comparing the +HESR+ to the HESR to form a verdict.

15. The process of claim 14 further comprising the steps of:

removing the random number from the ESR and printing the ESR thereby proving that the transaction was authorized using the smart card which contained the seal key and the HESR.

16. A process for providing security in a transaction processing system comprising the steps of:

enrolling a user in the transaction processing system, the user being identified by an enciphered electronic signature record (ESR) stored in the system;

conducting a transaction in the system, the user using a card containing the user identity, a seal and a hashed ESR (HESR), a card initiating an enciphered transaction message, an enciphered message description of the transaction data, and accompanying the transaction data with an enciphered hashed ESR (+HESR+); and

verifying the transaction by comparing the deciphered stored ESR, after hashing, to the +HESR+ accompanying the transaction data.

17. The process of claim 16 further comprising the steps of:

adding a random number to the ESR, and

printing the ESR along with the transaction data.

18. The process of claim 17 further comprising the steps of:

forming in the card characteristic data of the user; and

cryptographically binding the characteristic data in the card to the transaction data whereby the transaction cannot be transferred or associated with another transaction.

19. A smart card adapted for providing security in a transaction system said smart comprising:

a seal key stored in a memory;

a smart card specific data stored in the memory;

a hashed electronic signature record (HESR) stored in the memory; and

a logic means for receiving a message, generating a seal and outputting the seal with the smart card specific data, wherein said seal is generated by hashing the message and combining the hashed message with the seal key to then encipher the HESR to form said seal.

20. The smart card of claim 19 wherein the message contains time variant information, transaction terminal information, and transaction information.

21. The smart card of claim 20 wherein the message is also output by the logic means with the seal and smart card specific data to form a sealed message.